2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(8)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, obesity) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, metabolic syndrome) that contribute health. AHA Disease Stroke Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including brain health, complications pregnancy, kidney congenital rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary cardiomyopathy, failure, valvular venous thromboembolism, peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). METHODS: AHA, through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States globally provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2024 is product full year’s worth effort 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional global data, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. RESULTS: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. CONCLUSIONS: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Language: Английский

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Elevated blood remnant cholesterol and triglycerides are causally related to the risks of cardiometabolic multimorbidity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract The connection between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiometabolic multimorbidity, characterized by the concurrence of at least two type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, has not been definitively established. We aim to examine prospective associations serum remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, risks progression from first disease multimorbidity via multistate modeling in UK Biobank. also evaluate causality these Mendelian randomization using 13 biologically relevant SNPs as genetic instruments. Here we show that elevated cholesterol triglycerides are significantly associated with gradually higher particularly diabetes. These results advocate for effective management a potential strategy mitigating multimorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Elevated remnant cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(12), P. 2238 - 2249

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Elevated remnant cholesterol is observationally and causally associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population. This association not well studied individuals diabetes, who are often included clinical trials cholesterol-lowering therapy. We tested hypothesis that elevated ASCVD diabetes. also explored fraction excess conferred by diabetes which can be explained cholesterol. Methods 4569 white Danish (58% statin users) nested within Copenhagen General Population Study (2003–2015). The ASCVDs peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction ischaemic stroke were extracted from national health registries without losses to follow-up. Remnant was calculated a standard lipid profile. Results During up 15 years follow-up, 236 diagnosed 234 infarction, 226 498 any ASCVD. Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) per doubling 1.6 (1.1, 2.3; p =0.01) for 1.8 (1.2, 2.5; =0.002) 1.5 (1.0, 2.1; =0.04) stroke, 2.0; =0.0003) Excess 2.5-fold 1.6-fold 1.4-fold low-grade inflammation 14% 8% 26% 16% 34% 24% 18% ASCVD, respectively. LDL-cholesterol did explain risk, as it higher Conclusions/interpretation substantial Whether should used treatment target remains determined randomised controlled trials. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Association of remnant cholesterol with risk of cardiovascular disease events, stroke, and mortality: A systemic review and meta-analysis

Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 371, P. 21 - 31

Published: March 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Remnant Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Disease

Journal of Korean Medical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(38)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Despite the well-established benefits of statin treatments in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a significant residual risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains. Triglycerides (TGs) have long been recognized as potential factors this context, but recent studies now disclose substantial role TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and components metabolized TRLs (commonly referred to remnant cholesterol) atherogenesis, not just TGs alone. Evidence derived through diverse sources, including preclinical pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiologic investigations, genetic research, has consistently supported considerable contribution predicting occurrences ASCVD. As emerging biomarkers atherosclerosis, they thus become prioritized therapeutic targets, meant augment LDL-C efforts individuals at high However, routine clinical testing is still question, necessitating further research into appropriate treatment plans if levels are elevated. New therapies targeting proteins TG metabolic pathways, particularly angiopoietin-like protein 3 apolipoprotein C-III, shown advantages patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia by reducing blood cholesterol. The aim review summarize existing evidence linking elevated development ASCVD explore additional guidance therapy.

Language: Английский

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Association of remnant cholesterol with decreased kidney function or albuminuria: a population-based study in the U.S.

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is frequently exhibited in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), an emerging novel lipid marker, plays elusive role CKD progression. This study sought to investigate the association of RC decreased function or albuminuria general population U.S. Method Data were retrieved from continuous 2001 2018 cycle National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Individuals aged between 18 70 years included. was divided into quartiles. Albuminuria defined by albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g, while reduced described as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Using a multivariable regression model, eGFR examined. The dose‒response relationship ACR also investigated using restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Results A total 1551 (10.98%) participants impaired renal identified. After multivariate adjustment, not significantly associated decline (odds (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.95, 1.61). However, inverse correlation observed manner (β -2.12, CI: -3.04, -1.21). remained consistent when stratifying data gender, age, race, hypertension, diabetes body mass index (BMI). Conclusion higher correlated lower population. predicting outcomes needed further investigation prospective studies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of remnant cholesterol on short-term and long-term prognosis in patients with prediabetes or diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a large-scale cohort study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. Patients metabolism and ASCVD remain at significant residual risk after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the role of remnant-C this population has not yet been investigated. Adult patients prediabetes or diabetes undergoing isolated CABG were consecutively enrolled a longitudinal cohort between 2013 2018. The impact on short-term long-term outcomes was evaluated. included major perioperative complications. adverse cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Remnant-C analyzed as both categorical continuous variable. Logistic regression, Cox restricted cubic spline analyses performed multivariate adjustments. In terms outcomes, elevated had higher incidence acute kidney injury (AKI) stage 2/3 (high vs. low remnant-C: 3.2% 2.4%; OR: 1.404, 95% CI 1.080-1.824). Each 1-standard deviation (SD) increase associated 16.6% AKI (OR: 1.160, 1.067-1.260). Long-term assessed median follow-up 3.2 years, during which 1,251 (9.3%) experienced MACCEs. 1-SD 6.6% MACCEs (HR: 1.066, 1.012-1.124), 7.1% all-cause death 1.071, 1.008-1.209), an 11.2% myocardial infarction 1.112, 1.011-1.222). These associations remained consistent when treated Importantly, association independent LDL-C levels; levels increased MACCE regardless whether ≤ 2.6 mmol/L > mmol/L. Subgroup analysis indicated that more pronounced insulin-treated patients. is CABG.

Language: Английский

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Association of remnant cholesterol with frailty: findings from observational and Mendelian randomization analyses

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Recent insights suggest that remnant cholesterol (RC) plays a role in cellular senescence, yet its specific contribution to frailty remains indeterminate. Through the integration of observational and mendelian randomization (MR) studies, this research explores impact elevated serum RC levels on susceptibility.A dual-method approach, combining an study with MR study, was employed investigate connection between frailty. The included 11,838 participants from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression propensity score matching were control for potential confounders. non-linear relationship assessed using restricted cubic splines. To circumvent limitations, two-sample analysis conducted inverse-variance weighted method, leveraging genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.After adjusting confounding variables, identified significant high middle-aged older adults (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20 2.33, P 0.003), exhibiting dose-response correlation (non-linear 0.011). This persisted after (OR 1.53, CI 1.14 2.06, 0.005). echoed these results, demonstrating causal index (β 0.059, 0.033 0.085, 1.05E-05), consistent findings 0.017, 0.008 0.026, 4.51E-04).This provides evidence higher amplify risk adults, implying reduction may present promising strategy prevention management.

Language: Английский

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Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in East Asians and Europeans

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(11), P. 1525 - 1546

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

One fifth of the world population live in East Asia comprising Japan, Korea, and China where ischemic heart disease, a major component atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is second most frequent cause death. Each low-density lipoproteins (LDL), remnant lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), summarized as non-high-density (non-HDL) or apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing causes ASCVD. However, significant proportion evidence on lipoprotein cholesterol with risk ASCVD came from White people mainly living Europe North America not Asian descent. With unique biological, geohistorical, social background this region, Asians have distinctive characteristics that might potential impact association Considering movement across national borders World, understanding important for both non-East populations wherever they World.

Language: Английский

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Cumulative exposure to high remnant-cholesterol concentrations increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension: a prospective cohort study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Background The relationship of cumulative remnant-cholesterol (Cum-RC) concentration with the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients hypertension remains unclear. Methods We studied data for 28,698 individuals whom three consecutive total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride concentrations were available, who did not have CVD (14,349 14,349 without), that was collected between 2006 2010. Participants placed into four groups based on Cum-RC quartile: a Q1 group (< 26.40 mg/dl), Q2 (26.40–39.56 Q3 (39.57–54.65 Q4 (≥ 54.66 mg/dl). Cox proportional hazards models used to evaluate CVD. Results Over median 10.9 (interquartile range, 10.5–11.3) years, 1,444 participants developed After adjustment multiple potential confounding factors, compared hypertension, adjusted hazard ratios Q2–Q4 1.07(0.92,1.26), 1.08(0.91,1.28), 1.26(1.03,1.54) ( P = 0.0405); those myocardial infarction 1.51(1.00,2.31), 2.02(1.22,3.27), 2.08(1.41,3.28) < 0.0001); ischemic stroke 1.02(0.84,1.24), 1.04(0.86,1.25), 1.29(1.02,1.62), respectively 0.0336). However, no significant found hemorrhage stroke. At same Cum-RC, significantly higher than without. Conclusions A consistently high increases hypertension. Therefore, achievement blood pressure RC targets should help reduce

Language: Английский

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