Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1021 - 1021

Published: July 23, 2022

Molecular cancer biomarkers are any measurable molecular indicator of risk cancer, occurrence or patient outcome. They may include germline somatic genetic variants, epigenetic signatures, transcriptional changes, and proteomic signatures. These indicators based on biomolecules, such as nucleic acids proteins, that can be detected in samples obtained from tissues through tumor biopsy or, more easily non-invasively, blood (or serum plasma), saliva, buccal swabs, stool, urine, etc. Detection technologies have advanced tremendously over the last decades, including techniques next-generation sequencing, nanotechnology, methods to study circulating DNA/RNA exosomes. Clinical applications extensive. used tools for assessment, screening early detection accurate diagnosis, prognosis, prediction response therapy, surveillance monitoring response. Therefore, they help optimize making decisions clinical practice. Moreover, precision oncology is needed newly developed targeted therapies, functional only patients with specific mutations, identification these subsets patients. Improvement field is, however, overcome scientific challenge developing new greater sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value.

Language: Английский

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Gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-519a-3p promotes liver metastasis by inducing intrahepatic M2-like macrophage-mediated angiogenesis

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Liver metastasis (LM) is a major obstacle to the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients, but molecular mechanism underlying liver (GC-LM) remains unknown. Exosomes have been identified as an important mediator communication between tumor cells and microenvironment. Therefore, we sought investigate effects primary GC on microenvironment role exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNA) in GC-LM.Sequential differential centrifugation, transmission electron microscopy NanoSight analysis were used extract characterize exosomes. MicroRNA sequencing GC-derived exosomes mRNA PMA-treated THP-1 identify differentially expressed miRNAs functional targets miR-519a-3p (exo-miR-519a-3p) macrophages, respectively. Tracing internalization transfer exo-miR-519a-3p observed by immunofluorescence. Tubule formation assays, aortic ring exosome-educated GC-LM model roles angiogenesis GC-LM. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry immunofluorescence regulatory at GC-LM.The expression level serum was significantly higher patients than without LM, high indicates worse prognosis. are mainly accumulated internalized intrahepatic macrophages. Mechanistically, activates MAPK/ERK pathway targeting DUSP2, thereby causing M2-like polarization polarized macrophages accelerate inducing promoting premetastatic niche formation.Our results indicate that plays critical mediating crosstalk potential therapeutic target for

Language: Английский

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Exosomal circRNA: emerging insights into cancer progression and clinical application potential

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: June 26, 2023

Abstract Exosomal circRNA serves a novel genetic information molecule, facilitating communication between tumor cells and microenvironmental cells, such as immune fibroblasts, other components, thereby regulating critical aspects of cancer progression including escape, angiogenesis, metabolism, drug resistance, proliferation metastasis. Interestingly, microenvironment have new findings in influencing escape mediated by the release exosomal circRNA. Given intrinsic stability, abundance, broad distribution circRNAs, they represent excellent diagnostic prognostic biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Moreover, artificially synthesized circRNAs may open up possibilities therapy, potentially bolstered nanoparticles or plant exosome delivery strategies. In this review, we summarize functions underlying mechanisms cell non-tumor cell-derived progression, with special focus on their roles immunity metabolism. Finally, examine potential application therapeutic targets, highlighting promise clinical use.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Strategies of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 3202 - 3202

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent liver cancer with high lethality and low five-year survival rates leading to a substantial worldwide burden for healthcare systems. HCC initiation progression are favored by different etiological risk factors including hepatitis B virus (HBV) C (HCV) infection, non-/and alcoholic fatty disease (N/AFLD), tobacco smoking. In molecular pathogenesis, endogenous alteration in genetics (TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, etc.), epigenetics (DNA-methylation, miRNA, lncRNA, dysregulation of key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, etc.) strongly contribute development HCC. The multitude complexity pathomechanisms also reflect difficulties tailored medical therapy Treatment options strictly dependent on tumor staging function, which structured updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system. Surgical resection, local ablative techniques, transplantation valid curative therapeutic early stages. For multifocal metastatic diseases, systemic recommended. While Sorafenib had been standalone first-line decades, recent developments led approval new treatment as well second-line treatment. Anti-PD-L1 directed combination therapies either anti-VEGF agents or anti-CTLA-4 active substances have implemented standard setting. However, data from clinical trials indicate responses specific regimens depending underlying pathogenesis hepatocellular cancer. Therefore, histopathological examinations re-emphasized current international guidelines addition standardized radiological diagnosis using contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging. this review, we emphasize knowledge carcinoma. On occasion, sequences advanced stages according recently system algorithm (first-, second-, third-line treatment) summarized. Furthermore, discuss novel precautional pre-therapeutic approaches vaccination, adoptive cell transfer, locoregional enhancement, non-coding RNA-based promising options. These treatments may prolong overall regard quality life function mainstay therapy.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring of Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(17), P. 9952 - 9952

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The treatment of BC complicated owing to intratumoral complexity. Tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry are the current gold standard techniques guide breast therapy; however, these do not assess tumoral molecular heterogeneity. Personalized medicine aims overcome biological clinical complexities. Advances in computational analyses have enabled increasingly sensitive, specific, accurate application liquid biopsy. Such progress has ushered new era precision medicine, where objective personalized cancer, early screening, diagnosis prognosis, relapse detection, longitudinal monitoring, drug selection. Liquid can be defined as sampling components tumor cells that released from and/or metastatic deposits into blood, urine, feces, saliva, other substances. include circulating (CTCs), DNA (ctDNA) or RNA (ctRNA), platelets, exosomes. This review highlight role medicine.

Language: Английский

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miRNAs insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Favorable and detrimental aspects of key performers

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 121321 - 121321

Published: Dec. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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miRNAs as cornerstones in adipogenesis and obesity

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 121382 - 121382

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Liquid biopsy techniques and lung cancer: diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Lung cancer stands as the most prevalent form of globally, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Due lack effective and accurate early diagnostic methods, many patients are diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Although surgical resection is still potential means eradicating cancer, usually miss best chance for treatment, even after may experience tumor recurrence. Additionally, chemotherapy, mainstay treatment has be chemo-resistant, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The emergence liquid biopsies garnered considerable attention owing their noninvasive nature ability continuous sampling. Technological advancements have propelled circulating cells (CTCs), DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), metabolites, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), tumor-associated antigens (TAA) forefront key biopsy biomarkers, demonstrating intriguing encouraging results diagnosis prognostic evaluation This review provides an overview molecular biomarkers assays utilized encompassing CTCs, ctDNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), EVs, TAAs TEPs. Furthermore, we expound on practical applications biopsies, including diagnosis, response monitoring, evaluation, recurrence monitoring context

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(30)

Published: June 14, 2024

Abstract In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles both health and disease states, offering promising applications diagnosis, drug delivery, therapy. However, inherent heterogeneity complex origins pose significant challenges preparation, analysis, subsequent clinical application. This review is structured provide an overview of biogenesis, composition, various sources EVs, thereby laying groundwork for a detailed discussion contemporary techniques preparation analysis. Particular focus given state‐of‐the‐art technologies that employ microfluidic non‐microfluidic platforms EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches incorporate artificial intelligence cutting‐edge electrochemical sensors, with particular emphasis single proposes current outlines prospective avenues future research. The objective motivate researchers innovate expand methods analysis fully unlocking biomedical potential.

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous subset tracing and miRNA profiling of tumor-derived exosomes via dual-surface-protein orthogonal barcoding

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(40)

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

The clinical potential of miRNA-based liquid biopsy has been largely limited by the heterogeneous sources in plasma and tedious assay processes. Here, we develop a precise robust one-pot called dual-surface-protein-guided orthogonal recognition tumor-derived exosomes situ profiling microRNAs (SORTER) to detect exosomal miRNAs enhance diagnostic accuracy prostate cancer (PCa). SORTER uses two allosteric aptamers against marker CD63 tumor EpCAM create an labeling barcode achieve selective sorting tumor-specific exosome subtypes. Furthermore, labeled on initiated targeted membrane fusion with liposome probes import miRNA detection reagents, enabling sensitive miRNAs. With signature six miRNAs, differentiated PCa benign prostatic hyperplasia 100%. Notably, reached 90.6% classification metastatic nonmetastatic PCa. We envision that will promote adaptability biopsy.

Language: Английский

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