Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 885 - 958

Published: May 10, 2023

The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in Western world and consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation society regarding risk perception cannabis, driven its legalization medical use many states United States worldwide. Compelling research evidence Food Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed large therapeutic potential itself, Δ

Language: Английский

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Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes numerous activities gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production development seborrhea acne. Sebaceous lipids, represent 90% skin surface lipids in adolescents adults, are markedly involved barrier function perifollicular dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell sebocyte models have clarified roles distinct cells physiology control mechanisms. The represents an integral part pilosebaceous unit status is connected hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional contribute differentiation homeostasis, whereas regulation by antigen-independent. Inflammation very earliest changes Sebocytes behave as potent regulators, integrating into responses skin. Expressing mediators, sebocytes also polarization cutaneous T towards Th17 phenotype. In addition, response infiltrate depends on factors produced glands, mostly lipids. Human vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, likely interact with bacteria acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids a selective apoptotic process complex sebocyte-induced immunological reaction acquired congenital diseases, diseases atopic dermatitis.

Language: Английский

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Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 431 - 431

Published: March 24, 2022

Food intake regulation in humans is a complex process controlled by the dynamic interaction of homeostatic and hedonic systems. Homeostatic appetitive signals from gut, adipose tissue, vagus nerve, while conscious unconscious reward processes orchestrate regulation. On one hand, sight, smell, taste, texture perception deliver potent food-related feedback to central nervous system (CNS) influence brain areas related food reward. other macronutrient composition stimulates release appetite which are translated CNS into processes. This multi-level shapes regulates human ingestive behavior. Identifying interface between hormones, neurotransmitters, critical advance our understanding conditions like obesity develop better therapeutical interventions. Neuroimaging studies allow us take glance these place. review focuses on available neuroimaging evidence describe this components

Language: Английский

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Assessing the hepatotoxicity of phosphogypsum leachate in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 172018 - 172018

Published: March 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 631 - 631

Published: March 9, 2022

Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of various infectious diseases, especially those associated with biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic materials. There is urgent need for new protocols that can also target biofilm-embedded bacteria. Many secondary metabolites plants possess anti-bacterial activities, phytocannabinoids Cannabis sativa L. varieties have reached a renaissance attracted much attention their anti-microbial anti-biofilm activities at concentrations below cytotoxic threshold normal mammalian cells. Accordingly, many synthetic cannabinoids been designed intention to increase specificity selectivity compounds. The structurally unrelated endocannabinoids found activities. Recent data suggest mutual communication between endocannabinoid system gut microbiota. present review focuses integrated some selected issues physiological pharmacological

Language: Английский

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Contribution of the microbiome for better phenotyping of people living with obesity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 839 - 870

Published: April 29, 2023

Obesity has reached epidemic proportion worldwide and in all ages. Available evidence points to a multifactorial pathogenesis involving gene predisposition environmental factors. Gut microbiota plays critical role as major interface between external factors, i.e., diet, lifestyle, toxic chemicals, internal mechanisms regulating energy metabolic homeostasis, fat production storage. A shift composition is linked with overweight obesity, pathogenic bacterial products metabolites (mainly endocannabinoid-related mediators, short-chain fatty acids, bile catabolites of tryptophan, lipopolysaccharides) subsequent alterations gut barrier, altered insulin resistance chronic, low-grade inflammation. Although animal studies point the links an "obesogenic" development different obesity phenotypes, translational value these results humans still limited by heterogeneity among studies, high variation over time lack robust longitudinal adequately considering inter-individual confounders. Nevertheless, available underscores existence several genera predisposing or, conversely, lean metabolically health phenotype (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, species from Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Roseburia). Further using metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics exact characterization confounders are needed this field. Results must confirm that distinct specific microbial-derived represent effective precision interventions against long-term.

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota and their production of endocannabinoid-like mediators are directly affected by a dietary oil

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 2, 2024

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, endocannabinoids, and the use of cannabis: An overview for the nutrition clinician

Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 815 - 823

Published: March 30, 2024

The endocannabinoid system (ECs) is composed of multiple signaling compounds and receptors within the central peripheral nervous along with various organs, including gut, liver, skeletal muscle. ECs has been implicated in metabolism, gut motility, eating behaviors. altered disease states such as obesity. Recent studies have clarified role microbiome nutrition on ECs. Exogenous cannabinoid (CB) use, either organic or synthetic, stimulates through CB1 CB2 receptors. However, CBs unclear regard to optimization treat states. This review briefly summarizes effect exogenous metabolism nutrition. With increased legalization cannabis, there a corresponding use United States. Therefore, clinicians need be aware both benefits harm cannabis overall status, well gaps knowledge for future research guideline development.

Language: Английский

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Phytocannabinoids and Cannabis-Based Products as Alternative Pharmacotherapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Hypothesis to Clinical Practice

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 30, 2022

Historically, Cannabis is one of the first plants to be domesticated and used in medicine, though only last years amount Cannabis-based products or medicines has increased worldwide. Previous preclinical studies few published clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy safety humans. Indeed, Cannabis-related are treat multiple pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. In practice, already been introduced treatment regimens Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease Multiple Sclerosis’s patients, mechanisms action behind reported improvement outcome progression associated with their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties, due modulation endocannabinoid system. this review, we describe role played by system physiopathology Alzheimer, Parkinson, Sclerosis, mainly at neuroimmunological level. We also discuss evidence for correlation between phytocannabinoids therapeutic effects these disorders, thus describing main carried out so far on performance medicines.

Language: Английский

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The human milk endocannabinoidome and neonatal growth in gestational diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 13, 2024

Objective Endocannabinoids and their N -acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they present human milk associated with obesity. Infants exposed utero to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) more likely develop The objective this cross-sectional study is compare profile eCBome mediators women (GDM+) without (GDM-) assess association offspring growth. hypothesis that GDM+ altered a difference infant Methods Circulating were measured by LC-MS/MS obtained at 2 months postpartum from (n=24) GDM- (n=29) women. Infant weight height child health record. Z-scores calculated. Results Npalmitoylethanolamine (PEA) was higher than (4.9 ± 3.2 vs. 3.3 1.7, p=0.04). Higher levels also found for several (p<0.05). NAEs (β=-4.6, p=0.04) especially non-omega-3 (B=-5.6, p=0.004) negatively correlated weight-for-age z-score offspring. Conclusion different compared growth months. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier (NCT04263675 NCT02872402).

Language: Английский

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