International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 14699 - 14699
Published: Sept. 28, 2023
Glaucoma,
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
leads
to
irreversible
blindness,
remains
challenge
because
of
its
complex
nature.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
are
crucial
regulators
gene
expression
and
associated
with
glaucoma
other
diseases.
We
aimed
review
discuss
the
advantages
disadvantages
miRNA-focused
molecular
studies
in
through
discussing
their
potential
as
biomarkers
for
early
detection
diagnosis;
offering
insights
into
pathways
mechanisms;
utility
respect
personalized
medicine,
therapeutic
potential,
non-invasive
monitoring.
Limitations,
such
variability,
small
sample
sizes,
specificity,
limited
accessibility
ocular
tissues,
also
addressed,
underscoring
need
robust
protocols
collaboration.
Reproducibility
validation
establish
credibility
miRNA
research
findings,
integration
bioinformatics
tools
database
creation
is
valuable
component
comprehensive
approach
investigate
aberrations
patients
glaucoma.
Overall,
has
provided
significant
mechanisms
disease,
biomarkers,
diagnostic
tools,
targets.
However,
addressing
challenges
variability
tissue
essential,
further
investigations
will
contribute
deeper
understanding
functional
significance
miRNAs
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Jan. 12, 2021
Exosomes
are
small
vesicles
(30–150
nm
in
diameter)
enclosed
by
a
lipid
membrane
bilayer,
secreted
most
cells
the
body.
They
carry
various
molecules,
including
proteins,
lipids,
mRNA,
and
other
RNA
species,
such
as
long
non-coding
RNA,
circular
microRNA
(miRNA).
miRNAs
numerous
cargo
molecules
exosome.
endogenous
approximately
19–22-nt-long,
important
regulators
of
protein
biosynthesis.
can
be
taken
up
neighboring
or
distant
cells,
where
they
play
role
post-transcriptional
regulation
gene
expression
targeting
mRNA.
Exosomal
have
diverse
functions,
participation
inflammatory
reactions,
cell
migration,
proliferation,
apoptosis,
autophagy,
epithelial–mesenchymal
transition.
There
is
increasing
evidence
that
exosomal
an
cardiovascular
health.
widely
involved
occurrence
development
diseases,
atherosclerosis,
acute
coronary
syndrome,
heart
failure
(HF),
myocardial
ischemia
reperfusion
injury,
pulmonary
hypertension.
In
this
review,
we
present
systematic
overview
research
progress
into
new
ideas
for
diagnosis
treatment
diseases.
Journal of Biomedical Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
30(1)
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Abstract
Extracellular
communication,
in
other
words,
crosstalk
between
cells,
has
a
pivotal
role
the
survival
of
an
organism.
This
communication
occurs
by
different
methods,
one
which
is
extracellular
vesicles.
Exosomes,
are
small
lipid
vesicles,
have
recently
been
discovered
to
signal
transduction
cells
inside
body.
These
vesicles
contain
important
bioactive
molecules
including
lipids,
proteins,
DNA,
mRNA,
and
noncoding
RNAs
such
as
microRNAs
(miRNAs).
Exosomes
secreted
all
immune
(macrophages,
lymphocytes,
granulocytes,
dendritic
mast
cells)
tumor
cells.
The
microenvironment
(TME)
represents
complex
network
that
supports
growth
encompasses
themselves,
matrix,
fibroblasts,
endothelial
blood
vessels,
non-cellular
components
exosomes
cytokines.
review
aims
provide
insights
into
latest
discoveries
concerning
how
system
communicates
internally
with
cell
types,
specific
focus
on
research
involving
exosomal
miRNAs
macrophages,
B
T
lymphocytes.
Additionally,
we
will
explore
miRNA
TME
immunomodulatory
effect.
Biology Direct,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: Feb. 27, 2023
Acute
myocardial
infarction
is
a
major
health
problem
and
the
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide.
Myocardial
apoptosis
induced
by
injury
involved
in
pathophysiology
heart
failure.
Therapeutic
stem
cell
therapy
has
potential
to
be
an
effective
favorable
treatment
for
ischemic
disease.
Exosomes
derived
from
cells
have
been
shown
effectively
repair
MI
injury-induced
cardiomyocyte
damage.
However,
cardioprotective
benefits
adipose
tissue-derived
mesenchymal
(ADSC)-Exos
remain
unknown.
This
study
aimed
investigate
protective
effects
exosomes
ADSC
on
hearts
MI-treated
mice
explore
underlying
mechanisms.Cellular
molecular
mechanisms
were
investigated
using
cultured
ADSCs.
On
C57BL/6J
mice,
we
performed
or
sham
operations
assessed
cardiac
function,
fibrosis,
angiogenesis
4
weeks
later.
Mice
intramyocardially
injected
with
ADSC-Exos
vehicle-treated
ADSCs
after
25
min
following
operation.Echocardiographic
experiments
showed
that
could
significantly
improve
left
ventricular
ejection
fraction,
whereas
administration
alleviate
MI-induced
fibrosis.
Additionally,
reduce
while
increasing
angiogenesis.
Molecular
found
extracted
can
promote
proliferation
migration
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
facilitate
angiogenesis,
inhibit
cardiomyocytes
through
miRNA-205.
We
then
transferred
isolated
into
observed
decreased
increased
improved
function.
also
expression
hypoxia-inducible
factor-1α
vascular
growth
factor
HMEC-1
transfected
miRNA-205
inhibitor.In
summary,
these
findings
show
function
recovery
via
signaling
pathway.
containing
miRNA205
promising
therapeutic
injury.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
176, P. 116836 - 116836
Published: June 7, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
devastating
neurological
condition
characterized
by
cognitive
decline,
motor
coordination
impairment,
and
amyloid
plaque
accumulation.The
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
involve
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
neuronal
degeneration.This
study
aimed
to
investigate
the
therapeutic
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: May 13, 2021
Mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs)
are
multipotent
found
in
different
tissues:
bone
marrow,
peripheral
blood,
adipose
tissues,
skeletal
muscle,
perinatal
and
dental
pulp.
MSCs
able
to
self-renew
differentiate
into
multiple
lineages,
they
have
been
extensively
used
for
cell
therapy
mostly
owing
their
anti-fibrotic
immunoregulatory
properties
that
suggested
be
at
the
basis
regenerative
capability.
exert
effects
by
releasing
a
variety
of
biologically
active
molecules
such
as
growth
factors,
chemokines,
cytokines,
either
soluble
proteins
or
enclosed
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs).
Analyses
MSC-derived
secretome
particular
studies
on
EVs
attracting
great
attention
from
medical
point
view
due
ability
mimic
all
therapeutic
produced
(i.e.,
endogenous
tissue
repair
regulation
immune
system).
MSC-EVs
could
advantageous
compared
with
parental
because
specific
cargo
containing
mRNAs,
miRNAs,
can
transferred
recipient
cells.
MSC-EV
storage,
transfer,
production
easier;
administration
is
also
safer
than
MSC
therapy.
The
muscle
very
adaptive
tissue,
but
its
potential
altered
during
acute
chronic
conditions.
Recent
works
demonstrate
both
help
myofiber
regeneration
enhancing
myogenesis
and,
interestingly,
manipulated
novel
strategy
interventions
muscular
diseases
like
dystrophies
atrophy.
In
particular,
represent
promising
candidates
free-based
regeneration.
this
review,
we
aim
give
complete
picture
advantages
products
(MSC-derived
secreted
factors)
relevant
main
diseases.
Stem Cells International,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2021, P. 1 - 30
Published: Aug. 19, 2021
Cell
therapy
involves
the
transplantation
of
human
cells
to
replace
or
repair
damaged
tissues
and
modulate
mechanisms
underlying
disease
initiation
progression
in
body.
Nowadays,
many
different
types
cell-based
are
developed
used
treat
a
variety
diseases.
In
past
decade,
cell-free
has
emerged
as
novel
approach
regenerative
medicine
after
discovery
that
transplanted
exerted
their
therapeutic
effect
mainly
through
secretion
paracrine
factors.
More
more
evidence
showed
stem
cell-derived
secretome,
i.e.,
growth
factors,
cytokines,
extracellular
vesicles,
can
injured
effectively
cells.
This
finding
spurred
new
idea
employ
secretome
medicine.
Despite
that,
will
slowly
cell
future?
Or
these
two
modes
treatment
still
needed
address
diseases
conditions?
review
provides
an
indepth
discussion
about
values
addition,
safety,
efficacy,
advantages,
disadvantages
using
also
critically
reviewed.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: July 15, 2021
Abstract
Background
Diabetic
limb
ischemia
is
a
clinical
syndrome
and
refractory
to
therapy.
Our
previous
study
demonstrated
that
adipose-derived
stem
cells
(ADSCs)
overexpressing
glyoxalase-1
(GLO-1)
promoted
the
regeneration
of
ischemic
lower
limbs
in
diabetic
mice,
but
low
survival
rate,
difficulty
differentiation,
tumorigenicity
transplanted
restricted
its
application.
Recent
studies
have
found
exosomes
secreted
by
ADSCs
advantages
containing
parental
beneficial
factors
exhibiting
non-immunogenic,
non-tumorigenic,
strong
stable
characteristics.
Methods
GLO-1
(G-ADSCs)
were
established
using
lentivirus
transfection,
from
(G-ADSC-Exos)
isolated
characterized
coculture
with
human
umbilical
vein
endothelial
(HUVECs).
Proliferation,
apoptosis,
migration,
tube
formation
HUVECs
detected
under
high-glucose
conditions.
The
G-ADSC-Exos
injected
into
hindlimb
muscles
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
laser
Doppler
perfusion
index,
Masson’s
staining,
immunofluorescence,
immunohistochemistry
assays
adopted
assess
treatment
efficiency.
Moreover,
underlying
regulatory
mechanisms
on
proliferation,
angiogenesis,
apoptosis
explored.
Results
enhanced
formation,
anti-apoptosis
vitro
After
vivo
transplantation,
G-ADSC-Exo
group
showed
significantly
higher
better
muscle
structural
integrity,
microvessel’s
density
than
ADSC-Exo
control
groups
staining
immunofluorescence
assays.
which
protected
both
might
be
via
activation
eNOS/AKT/ERK/P-38
signaling
pathways,
inhibition
AP-1/ROS/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/IL-1β,
as
well
increased
secretion
VEGF,
IGF-1,
FGF.
Conclusion
Exosomes
derived
angiogenesis
mice
ischemia,
will
promising
ischemia.
