Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Abstract Smart nanoparticles, which can respond to biological cues or be guided by them, are emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for precise cancer treatment. The field of oncology, nanotechnology, and biomedicine has witnessed rapid progress, leading innovative developments in smart nanoparticles safer more effective therapy. In this review, we will highlight recent advancements including polymeric dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, protein cell membrane mesoporous silica gold iron oxide quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, black phosphorus, MOF others. We focus on their classification, structures, synthesis, intelligent features. These possess the ability various external internal stimuli, such enzymes, pH, temperature, optics, magnetism, making them systems. Additionally, review explore latest studies tumor targeting functionalizing surfaces with tumor-specific ligands like antibodies, peptides, transferrin, folic acid. also summarize different types options, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, even living cells, potential use While is promising, acknowledge challenges clinical prospects associated use. Finally, propose blueprint that involves artificial intelligence-powered treatment applications. By harnessing aims usher new era personalized therapy, providing patients individualized options.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Macrophages in Cancer Development and Therapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1946 - 1946

Published: April 18, 2021

Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and influence various aspects immunity. Tumor-associated macrophages one the main cellular components tumor microenvironment. Depending on their activation status, can exert a dual tumorigenesis by either antagonizing cytotoxic activity immune cells or, less frequently, enhancing antitumor responses. In most situations, TAMs suppress T cell recruitment function or regulate other The importance targeting in cancer therapy is derived from strong association between high infiltration with poor patient prognosis. Several macrophage-targeting approaches anticancer developed, including TAM depletion, inhibition new differentiation, re-education for phagocytosis. this review, we will describe role development, such as protumorigenic inflammation, suppression, neoangiogenesis, enhancement invasion distant metastasis. Furthermore, discuss therapeutic that aim to deplete contrary, re-educate phagocytosis

Language: Английский

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Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 7, 2021

Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The promotes secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types stages cancers. These cytokines may inhibit development but alternatively contribute chronic that supports growth both autocrine paracrine manners have been linked poor outcomes. Such distinct sets from can be detected circulation are thus potentially useful as biomarkers detect cancers, predict disease outcomes manage choices. Indeed, analyses circulating combination with cancer-specific proposed simplify improve detection prognosis, especially minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such blood. Additionally, cytokine signaling signatures peripheral immune cells, even patients localized tumors, recently found altered cancer, also prove applicable biomarkers. Here we review induced microenvironment, their roles various development, potential use diagnostics prognostics. We further discuss established emerging diagnostic approaches used cancers additionally technological advancement required for clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(19), P. 6985 - 6985

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. occurrence development of osteosarcoma, as a tumor, closely related the microenvironment. Especially, metastasis osteosarcoma remaining challenge therapy poor prognosis. Increasing evidence focuses on relationship between metastasis. Many elements exist in microenvironment, such acids, hypoxia, chemokines, which have been verified affect progression malignance through various signaling pathways. We thoroughly summarized all these regulators transmission cascades, accordingly, attempting furnish hints inhibiting via amelioration In addition, analysis cross-talk will help us deeply understand osteosarcoma. cellular molecular protagonists presented promoting accelerate exploration novel therapeutic strategies towards

Language: Английский

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Tumor microenvironment: barrier or opportunity towards effective cancer therapy

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Abstract Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis tumor. With the advent 3D culture advanced bioinformatic methodologies, it now possible to study TME’s individual components their interplay at higher resolution. Deeper understanding immune cell’s diversity, stromal constituents, repertoire profiling, neoantigen prediction TMEs has provided opportunity explore spatial temporal regulation therapeutic interventions. The variation TME composition among patients plays an important role in determining responders non-responders towards cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, there could be possibility reprogramming overcome widely prevailing issue immunotherapeutic resistance. focus present review understand complexity comprehending future perspective its as potential targets. later part describes sophisticated models emerging valuable means extensive account tools profile predict neoantigens. Overall, this provides comprehensive current knowledge available target TME.

Language: Английский

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Battling Chemoresistance in Cancer: Root Causes and Strategies to Uproot Them

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(17), P. 9451 - 9451

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

With nearly 10 million deaths, cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Along with major key parameters that control treatment management, such as diagnosis, resistance to classical and new chemotherapeutic reagents continues be a significant problem. Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance leads recurrence in many cases eventually causes failure successful death patients. Various determinants, including tumor heterogeneity microenvironment, could through diverse range mechanisms. In this review, we summarize determinants underlying mechanisms by which appears. We then describe strategies have been implemented studied combat lethal phenomenon management treatment, emphasis on need improve early diagnosis complemented combination therapy.

Language: Английский

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Catalytically Active CoFe₂O₄ Nanoflowers for Augmented Sonodynamic and Chemodynamic Combination Therapy with Elicitation of Robust Immune Response

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 11953 - 11969

Published: June 18, 2021

A hypoxic and acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in cancer development through complex cellular signaling networks, it is thus challenging to completely eradicate tumors via monotherapy. Here, PEGylated CoFe2O4 nanoflowers (CFP) with multiple enzymatic activities, serving as bioreactors responsive TME cues, were synthesized typical solvothermal method for augmented sonodynamic therapy (SDT) chemodynamic (CDT) elicitation of robust immune response. The CFP occupying multivalent elements (Co2+/3+, Fe2+/3+) exhibited strong Fenton-like catalase-like activity. In another aspect, itself brand-new sonosensitizer high-performance SDT based on ultrasound-triggered electron (e–)/hole (h+) pair separation from the energy band promptness high efficiency. With efficient enrichment tumorous tissue revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, CPF could generate •OH CDT relying reactions. Moreover, catalase-mimicking react endogenous H2O2 molecular oxygen, O2 level may promote production 1O2 SDT. What's more, reactive oxygen species obtained combined SDT/CDT efficiently trigger immunogenic cell death synergistic antitumor immunity aid an checkpoint blockade sake suppressing primary distant well lung metastasis. Taken together, this paradigm delivers useful insights developing in-coming nanocomposites cobalt ferrite theranostics.

Language: Английский

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Cancer‐associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 401 - 434

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are most abundant components microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in cancer originate from several types cells and promote malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping extracellular matrix, suppressing function immune cells. also becoming therapeutic targets for due their specific distribution tumors unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting effect on surrounding been developed applied clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining heterogeneity expression patterns CAF markers different subtypes We hope summarizing CAF‐related a historical perspective will help accelerate development CAF‐targeted strategies

Language: Английский

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Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Evolutionary Flexibility to Disease Progression

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 19, 2020

Flexibility in the exchange of genetic material takes place between different organisms same or species. This phenomenon is known to play a key role genetic, physiological, and ecological performance host. Exchange materials can cause both beneficial and/or adverse biological consequences. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) lateral (LGT) as general mechanism leads biodiversity innovations nature. HGT mediators are one engineering tools used for selective introduction desired changes genome gene/cell therapy purposes. HGT, however, crucial development, emergence, recurrence various human-related diseases, such cancer, genetic-, metabolic-, neurodegenerative disorders negatively affect therapeutic outcome by promoting resistant forms disrupting editing toolkits. Because importance its vital physio- pathological roles, here variety mechanisms reviewed, ranging from extracellular vesicles (EVs) nanotubes prokaryotes cell-free DNA apoptotic bodies eukaryotes. Next, we argue that plays development useful features states associated with emerging recurrent disease. A better understanding their genome-altering effects/potentials may pave way more effective diagnostic regimes.

Language: Английский

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Progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 111111 - 111111

Published: Dec. 24, 2020

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer account for first place all over the world. Lung lacks early diagnostic biomarkers; patients are usually diagnosed in both middle advanced stages have poor treatment outcomes. It is more important to find tools with high specificity sensitivity. Besides, exosomes nanometer-sized bi-layered lipid vesicles formed produced by various types cells. As one main modes intercellular communication, they can deliver multiple functional biomolecules, such as DNA, microRNAs, messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA, proteins, events mentioned above affects different physiological processes recipient has been reported that involved cancer, including cancer. Various studies proved cell proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment Tumor-derived (TEX) contain a variety stimulatory inhibitory factors regulating immune response, which affect (TME) thus participate formation progression This review's primary purpose review latest research progress diagnosing treating

Language: Английский

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