Journal of Biomedical Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
30(1)
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Abstract
Extracellular
communication,
in
other
words,
crosstalk
between
cells,
has
a
pivotal
role
the
survival
of
an
organism.
This
communication
occurs
by
different
methods,
one
which
is
extracellular
vesicles.
Exosomes,
are
small
lipid
vesicles,
have
recently
been
discovered
to
signal
transduction
cells
inside
body.
These
vesicles
contain
important
bioactive
molecules
including
lipids,
proteins,
DNA,
mRNA,
and
noncoding
RNAs
such
as
microRNAs
(miRNAs).
Exosomes
secreted
all
immune
(macrophages,
lymphocytes,
granulocytes,
dendritic
mast
cells)
tumor
cells.
The
microenvironment
(TME)
represents
complex
network
that
supports
growth
encompasses
themselves,
matrix,
fibroblasts,
endothelial
blood
vessels,
non-cellular
components
exosomes
cytokines.
review
aims
provide
insights
into
latest
discoveries
concerning
how
system
communicates
internally
with
cell
types,
specific
focus
on
research
involving
exosomal
miRNAs
macrophages,
B
T
lymphocytes.
Additionally,
we
will
explore
miRNA
TME
immunomodulatory
effect.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(10), P. 1416 - 1416
Published: May 17, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
such
as
ectosomes
and
exosomes
have
gained
attention
promising
natural
carriers
for
drug
delivery.
Exosomes,
which
range
from
30
to
100
nm
in
diameter,
possess
a
lipid
bilayer
are
secreted
by
various
cells.
Due
their
high
biocompatibility,
stability,
low
immunogenicity,
favored
cargo
carriers.
The
membrane
of
also
offers
protection
against
degradation,
making
them
desirable
candidate
However,
loading
into
remains
be
challenge.
Despite
strategies
incubation,
electroporation,
sonication,
extrusion,
freeze–thaw
cycling,
transfection
that
been
developed
facilitate
loading,
inadequate
efficiency
still
persists.
This
review
an
overview
current
delivery
using
summarizes
recent
approaches
small-molecule,
nucleic
acid,
protein
drugs
exosomes.
With
insights
these
studies,
we
provide
ideas
more
efficient
effective
molecules
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(2), P. 577 - 594
Published: Jan. 9, 2023
Exosomes
are
the
phospholipid-membrane-bound
subpopulation
of
extracellular
vesicles
derived
from
plasma
membrane.
The
main
activity
exosomes
is
cellular
communication.
In
cancer,
play
an
important
rolefrom
two
distinct
perspectives,
one
related
to
carcinogenesis
and
other
as
theragnostic
drug
delivery
tools.
outer
phospholipid
membrane
Exosome
improves
targeting
efficiency.
.
Some
vital
features
such
biocompatibility,
low
toxicity,
immunogenicity
make
it
a
more
exciting
system.
Exosome-based
new
innovative
approach
cancer
treatment.
Exosome-associated
biomarker
analysis
heralded
era
diagnostics
in
specific
way.
This
Review
focuses
on
exosome
biogenesis,
sources,
isolation,
interrelationship
with
exosome-related
biomarkers,
loading
methods,
exosome-based
biomolecule
delivery,
advances
limitations
clinical
settings
studies.
understanding
will
change
diagnostic
therapeutic
future.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(6), P. 594 - 594
Published: May 24, 2021
The
accumulation
of
extracellular
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
plaques
within
the
brain
is
unique
to
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
and
thought
induce
synaptic
deficits
neuronal
loss.
Optimal
therapies
should
tackle
core
AD
pathophysiology
prevent
decline
in
memory
cognitive
functions.
This
study
aimed
evaluate
therapeutic
performance
mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
(MSC-exosomes),
which
are
secreted
membranous
elements
encapsulating
a
variety
MSC
factors,
on
AD.
A
human
neural
cell
culture
model
with
familial
(FAD)
mutations
was
established
co-cultured
purified
MSC-exosomes.
2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose
([18F]FDG)
novel
object
recognition
(NOR)
testing
were
performed
before/after
treatment
effect
vivo.
AD-related
pathology
expression
memory/synaptic
plasticity-related
genes
also
evaluated.
results
showed
that
MSC-exosomes
reduced
Aβ
restored
model.
[18F]FDG-PET
imaging
assessment
revealed
significant
improvement
glucose
metabolism
function
transgenic
mice.
phase
neurons
astrocytes
mice
found
be
regulated
after
Our
demonstrates
mechanism
provides
an
alternative
strategy
based
cell-free
for
Biomarker Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: May 12, 2022
Abstract
Exosomes,
ranging
in
size
from
30
to
150
nm
as
identified
initially
via
electron
microscopy
1946,
are
one
of
the
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
produced
by
many
cells
and
have
been
subject
studies;
initially,
they
were
considered
cell
wastes
with
belief
that
exosomes
maintain
homeostasis.
Nowadays,
it
has
found
EVs
secreted
different
play
a
vital
role
cellular
communication
usually
both
physiological
pathological
conditions.
Due
presence
markers
ligands
on
surface
exosomes,
paracrine,
endocrine
autocrine
effects
some
cases.
Immune
cells,
like
other
can
secrete
interact
surrounding
these
vesicles.
system
cells-derived
(IEXs)
induce
responses,
such
increasing
decreasing
transcription
various
genes
regulating
cytokine
production.
This
review
deliberate
function
innate
acquired
immune
derived
their
pathogenesis
diseases,
therapeutic
appliances.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(21), P. 7289 - 7289
Published: Oct. 27, 2022
Currently,
particular
interest
among
the
scientific
community
is
focused
on
exploring
use
of
exosomes
for
several
pharmaceutical
and
biomedical
applications.
This
due
to
identification
role
as
an
excellent
intercellular
communicator
by
delivering
requisite
cargo
comprising
functional
proteins,
metabolites
nucleic
acids.
Exosomes
are
smallest
extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
with
sizes
ranging
from
30–100
nm
derived
endosomes.
have
similar
surface
morphology
cells
act
a
signal
transduction
channel
between
cells.
They
encompass
different
biomolecules,
such
acids
lipids,
thus
rendering
them
naturally
attractive
drug
delivery
vehicle.
Like
other
advanced
systems,
polymeric
nanoparticles
liposomes
encapsulate
substances,
also
gained
much
attention
in
enhancing
therapeutic
activity.
present
many
advantages,
compatibility
living
tissues,
low
toxicity,
extended
blood
circulation,
capability
pass
contents
one
cell
another,
non-immunogenic
special
targeting
various
cells,
making
carrier.
Exosome-based
molecules
still
early
stages
research
clinical
trials.
The
problems
transition
issues
related
exosome-based
drugs
need
be
overcome
using
tools
better
understanding
systemic
evaluation
exosomes.
In
this
current
review,
we
summarize
most
up-to-date
knowledge
about
complex
biological
journey
biogenesis
secretion,
isolation
techniques,
characterization,
loading
methods,
applications,
challenges
future
perspectives
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: July 22, 2023
Abstract
Ocular
drug
delivery
has
constantly
challenged
ophthalmologists
and
scientists
due
to
various
anatomical
physiological
barriers.
Static
dynamic
ocular
barriers
prevent
the
entry
of
exogenous
substances
impede
therapeutic
agents'
active
absorption.
This
review
elaborates
on
anatomy
eye
associated
constraints.
Followed
by
an
illustration
some
common
diseases,
including
glaucoma
their
current
clinical
therapies,
emphasizing
significance
therapy
in
treating
diseases.
Subsequently,
advances
modalities,
especially
nanotechnology-based
systems,
are
recommended,
typical
research
is
highlighted.
Based
related
research,
systematic
comprehensive
characterizations
nanocarriers
summarized,
hoping
assist
with
future
research.
Besides,
we
summarize
ophthalmic
drugs
currently
market
or
still
trials
recent
patents
nanocarriers.
Finally,
inspired
trends
concepts,
provide
insight
into
challenges
faced
novel
systems
further
put
forward
directions
for
We
hope
this
can
inspiration
motivation
better
design
development
formulations.
Graphical
abstract
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(10), P. 3822 - 3842
Published: May 11, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
secreted
by
both
eukaryotes
and
prokaryotes,
present
in
all
biological
fluids
of
vertebrates,
where
they
transfer
DNA,
RNA,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites
from
donor
to
recipient
cells
cell-to-cell
communication.
Some
EV
components
can
also
indicate
the
type
status
their
parent
serve
as
diagnostic
targets
for
liquid
biopsy.
EVs
natively
carry
or
be
modified
contain
therapeutic
agents
(e.g.,
nucleic
acids,
polysaccharides,
small
molecules)
physical,
chemical,
bioengineering
strategies.
Due
excellent
biocompatibility
stability,
ideal
nanocarriers
bioactive
ingredients
induce
signal
transduction,
immunoregulation,
other
effects,
which
targeted
specific
cell
types.
Herein,
we
review
classification,
intercellular
communication,
isolation,
characterization
strategies
apply
therapeutics.
This
focuses
on
recent
advances
applications
carriers
vitro
research
towards
vivo
animal
models
early
clinical
applications,
using
representative
examples
fields
cancer
chemotherapeutic
drug,
vaccine,
infectious
disease
vaccines,
regenerative
medicine
gene
therapy.
Finally,
discuss
current
challenges
therapeutics
future
development.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(13)
Published: Feb. 5, 2023
Abstract
Myocardial
infarction
(MI)
is
a
cardiovascular
disease
that
poses
serious
threat
to
human
health.
Uncontrolled
and
excessive
cardiac
fibrosis
after
MI
has
been
recognized
as
primary
contributor
mortality
by
heart
failure.
Thus,
prevention
of
or
alleviation
progression
important
for
repair.
To
this
end,
biocompatible
microneedle
(MN)
patch
based
on
gelatin
fabricated
load
exosomes
containing
microRNA‐29b
(miR‐29b)
mimics
with
antifibrotic
activity
prevent
MI.
Exosomes
are
isolated
from
umbilical
cord
mesenchymal
stem
cells
loaded
miR‐29b
via
electroporation,
which
can
be
internalized
effectively
in
fibroblasts
upregulate
the
expression
downregulate
fibrosis‐related
proteins.
After
being
implanted
infarcted
mouse
model,
MN
increase
retention
myocardium,
leading
inflammation,
reduction
infarct
size,
inhibition
fibrosis,
improvement
function.
This
design
explored
suitable
platform
deliver
biomolecules
locally
showing
potential
treatment
clinical
applications.
