Advances in molecular oncology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 67 - 75
Published: April 15, 2025
Introduction.
Claudin
5
is
belongs
to
a
family
of
transmembrane
proteins
mediating
formation
tight
junctions
between
cells,
maintenance
cell
polarity
in
epithelial
and
endothelial
layers,
regulation
membrane
permeability,
control
signal
transduction
inside
the
cells.
Results
small
number
studies
show
that
vascular
growth
factor
(VEGF)
also
affects
junctions,
particular
through
claudin
expression.
In
addition
their
physiological
functions,
VEGF
play
an
important
role
pathogenesis
various
diseases
including
malignant
neoplasms.
Aim.
To
study
levels
serum
patients
with
ovarian
cancer
evaluate
clinical
significance.
Materials
methods.
total,
123
(median
age
54
years)
32
group
healthy
women
were
examined.
measured
prior
treatment
using
Human
CLDN5
(Claudin
5)
ELISA
Kit
(Elabscience,
China)
Immunoassay
(Quantikine®,
R&D
Systems,
uSA)
accordance
manufacturer’s
instructions.
Statistical
analysis
obtained
data
was
performed
GraphPad
Prizm
v.
10
software.
The
values
compared
correlations
quantified
nonparametric
Mann–Whitney,
Kruskal–Wallis
tests
Spearman’s
rank
correlation
coefficient.
Overall
survival
analyzed
Kaplan–Meier
method.
Results.
found
97
%
94
women.
Median
(1st
quartile
(Q1)
–
3rd
(Q3))
level
0.77
(0.48–1.17)
ng/mL,
0.95
(0.43–1.77)
mg/mL.
ROC
informational
value
showed
unsatisfactory
diagnostic
accuracy
model
(area
under
curve
(AuC)
0.613
(95
confidence
interval
(CI)
0.513–0.713);
p
=
0.049):
for
median
threshold
ng/mL
assay
had
sensitivity
50
specificity
60
%.
all
women;
(Q1–Q3)
45.6
(13.3–89.09)
pg/mL
statistically
significantly
lower
than
cancer:
274.7
(199.0–472.5).
good
(AuC
0.942
CI
0.886–0.997);
<0.0001)
which
allows
use
as
criterion.
best
results
(71
100
%,
respectively)
at
226.2
pg/mL.
Serum
are
associated
progression.
However,
not
significant
prognostic
markers
this
disease.
Conclusion.
higher
positively
correlate
each
other.
Additionally,
has
relatively
characteristics
group.
presence
distant
metastases
points
potential
tumor
research
stage,
these
cannot
be
recommended
or
criteria
require
further
study.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 150 - 150
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
a
fundamental
structure
that
protects
the
composition
of
brain
by
determining
which
ions,
metabolites,
and
nutrients
are
allowed
to
enter
from
blood
or
leave
it
towards
circulation.
BBB
structurally
composed
layer
capillary
endothelial
cells
(BCECs)
bound
each
other
through
tight
junctions
(TJs).
However,
its
development
as
well
maintenance
properties
controlled
contact
BCECs:
pericytes,
glial
cells,
even
neurons
themselves.
Astrocytes
seem,
in
particular,
have
very
important
role
controlling
most
BBB.
Here,
we
will
focus
on
these
latter
since
comprehension
their
roles
physiology
has
been
continuously
expanding,
including
ability
participate
neurotransmission
complex
functions
such
learning
memory.
Accordingly,
pathological
conditions
alter
astrocytic
can
BBB's
integrity,
thus
compromising
many
activities.
In
this
review,
also
refer
different
kinds
vitro
models
used
study
properties,
evidencing
modifications
under
conditions.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(9), P. 2821 - 2833
Published: March 29, 2024
In
the
brain,
astrocytes
regulate
shape
and
functions
of
synaptic
vascular
compartments
through
a
variety
released
factors
membrane-bound
proteins.
An
imbalanced
astrocyte
activity
can
therefore
have
drastic
negative
impacts
on
brain
development,
leading
to
onset
severe
pathologies.
Clinical
pre-clinical
studies
show
alterations
in
cell
number,
morphology,
molecular
makeup
astrocyte-dependent
processes
different
affected
regions
neurodevelopmental
(ND)
neuropsychiatric
(NP)
disorders.
Astrocytes
proliferate,
differentiate
mature
during
critical
period
early
postnatal
time
window
elevated
glia-dependent
regulation
proper
balance
between
synapse
formation/elimination,
which
is
pivotal
refining
connectivity.
Therefore,
any
intrinsic
and/or
extrinsic
altering
these
may
result
an
aberrant
remodeling
mental
The
peculiar
bridging
position
further
allows
them
"compute"
state
consequently
secrete
bloodstream,
serve
as
diagnostic
biomarkers
distinct
healthy
or
disease
conditions.
Here,
we
collect
recent
advancements
regarding
astrogenesis
astrocyte-mediated
neuronal
network
periods
focusing
elimination.
We
then
propose
alternative
hypotheses
for
involvement
aberrancies
ND
NP
light
well-known
differential
prevalence
certain
disorders
males
females,
also
discuss
putative
sex-dependent
influences
events.
From
translational
perspective,
understanding
age-
astrocyte-specific
functional
changes
help
identify
cellular
(dys)functions
health
disease,
favouring
development
tools
selection
tailored
treatment
options
male/female
patients.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(16), P. 12699 - 12699
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
The
blood-brain
barrier,
which
is
formed
by
tightly
interconnected
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
separates
the
brain
from
peripheral
circulation.
Together
with
other
central
nervous
system-resident
cell
types,
including
pericytes
and
astrocytes,
barrier
forms
neurovascular
unit.
Upon
neuroinflammation,
this
becomes
leaky,
allowing
molecules
cells
to
enter
potentially
harm
tissue
of
system.
Despite
significance
animal
models
in
research,
they
may
not
always
adequately
reflect
human
pathophysiology.
Therefore,
are
needed.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
terms
both
health
disease.
It
describe
all
key
elements
vitro
explore
how
different
compositions
can
be
utilized
effectively
model
a
variety
neuroinflammatory
conditions.
Furthermore,
it
existing
types
that
used
basic
research
study
respective
pathologies
thus
far.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Permeability
is
a
measure
of
the
degree
to
which
cells
can
transport
molecules
across
biological
barriers.
Units
permeability
are
distance
per
unit
time
(typically
cm/s),
where
accurate
measurements
needed
define
drug
delivery
in
homeostasis
and
model
dysfunction
occurring
during
disease.
This
perspective
offers
set
community-led
guidelines
benchmark
data
multidisciplinary
approaches
different
contexts.
First,
we
lay
out
analytical
framework
for
three
methodologies
calculate
permeability:
silico
assays
using
either
transition-based
counting
or
inhomogeneous-solubility
diffusion
approaches,
vitro
cultured
2D
3D
geometries,
vivo
utilizing
situ
brain
perfusion
multiple
time-point
regression
analysis.
Then,
demonstrate
systematic
benchmarking
both
vivo,
depicting
ways
each
sensitive
choices
assay
design.
Finally,
outline
seven
recommendations
best
practices
underscore
significance
tailored
driving
advancements
research
development.
Our
exploration
encompasses
discussion
"generic"
tissue-specific
barriers,
including
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB),
major
hurdle
therapeutic
agents
into
brain.
By
addressing
challenges
reconciling
simulated
with
experimental
assays,
aim
provide
insights
essential
optimizing
accuracy
reliability
modeling.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Oct. 25, 2024
Neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
inflammation
via
activation
of
glial
cells
and
neuronal
damage
plays
a
critical
role
in
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Though
the
exact
mechanism
disease
pathogenesis
is
not
understood,
certain
biomarkers
provide
valuable
insight
into
pathogenesis,
severity,
progression
therapeutic
efficacy.
These
markers
can
be
used
to
assess
pathophysiological
status
brain
including
neurons,
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocytes,
specialized
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
NVU,
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
disruption.
Damage
or
derangements
tight
junction
(TJ),
adherens
(AdJ),
gap
(GJ)
components
BBB
lead
increased
permeability
neuroinflammation
various
disorders
disorders.
Thus,
neuroinflammatory
evaluated
blood,
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF),
tissues
determine
neurological
progression,
responsiveness.
Chronic
common
age-related
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
dementia.
Neurotrauma/traumatic
injury
(TBI)
also
leads
acute
chronic
responses.
The
expression
some
may
altered
many
years
even
decades
before
onset
In
this
review,
we
discuss
neuroinflammation,
neurodegeneration
associated
with
disorders,
especially
those
neurovascular
pathologies.
CSF,
tissues.
Neurofilament
light
(NfL),
ubiquitin
C-terminal
hydrolase-L1
(UCHL1),
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP),
Ionized
calcium-binding
adaptor
molecule
1
(Iba-1),
transmembrane
119
(TMEM119),
aquaporin,
endothelin-1,
platelet-derived
growth
factor
receptor
beta
(PDGFRβ)
are
important
markers.
Recent
BBB-on-a-chip
modeling
offers
promising
potential
for
providing
an
in-depth
understanding
neurotherapeutics.
Integration
these
clinical
practice
could
potentially
enhance
early
diagnosis,
monitor
improve
outcomes.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
388(2), P. 301 - 312
Published: Oct. 12, 2023
Organophosphate
(OP)
poisoning
can
trigger
cholinergic
crisis,
a
life-threatening
toxidrome
that
includes
seizures
and
status
epilepticus.
These
acute
toxic
responses
are
associated
with
persistent
neuroinflammation
spontaneous
recurrent
(SRS),
also
known
as
acquired
epilepsy.
Blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
impairment
has
recently
been
proposed
pathogenic
mechanism
linking
OP
intoxication
to
chronic
adverse
neurologic
outcomes.
In
this
review,
we
briefly
describe
the
cellular
molecular
components
of
BBB,
review
evidence
altered
BBB
integrity
following
intoxication,
discuss
potential
mechanisms
by
which
may
promote
dysfunction.
We
highlight
complex
interplay
between
dysfunction
suggests
positive
feedforward
interaction.
Lastly,
examine
research
from
diverse
models
disease
states
suggest
loss
contribute
epileptogenic
processes.
Collectively,
literature
identifies
convergent
justifies
further
mechanistic
into
how
causes
its
role
in
pathogenesis
SRS
potentially
other
long-term
sequelae.
Such
is
critical
for
evaluating
stabilization
neuroprotective
strategy
mitigating
OP-induced
epilepsy
possibly
seizure
disorders
etiologies.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT:
Clinical
preclinical
studies
support
link
blood-brain
epileptogenesis;
however,
causal
relationship
difficult
prove.
Mechanistic
delineate
relationships
provide
novel
insights
resulting
organophosphate
non-OP
neurological
conditions
such
cognitive
impairment.
Blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
prevents
neurotoxins
from
entering
central
nervous
system.
We
aimed
to
establish
and
characterize
an
in
vitro
triple
co-culture
BBB
model
consisting
of
brain
endothelial
cells
hCMEC/D3,
astrocytoma
U251
cells,
neuroblastoma
SH-SY5Y
cells.
Co-culture
markedly
enhanced
claudin-5
VE-cadherin
expression
hCMEC/D3
accompanied
by
increased
transendothelial
electrical
resistance
decreased
permeability.
Conditioned
medium
(CM)
(S-CM),
(U-CM),
(US-CM)
also
promoted
expression.
Glial
cell
line-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(GDNF)
levels
S-CM
US-CM
were
significantly
higher
than
CMs
U-CM.
Both
GDNF
upregulated
expression,
which
attenuated
anti-GDNF
antibody
signaling
inhibitors.
via
the
PI3K/AKT/FOXO1
MAPK/ERK
pathways.
Meanwhile,
activating
PI3K/AKT/ETS1
MAPK/ERK/ETS1
signaling.
The
roles
integrity
validated
using
brain-specific
Gdnf
silencing
mice.
developed
was
successfully
applied
predict
In
conclusion,
neurons
enhance
upregulating
through
secretion
established
may
be
used
drugs’