Chitosan-Tricarbocyanine-Based Nanogels Were Able to Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier Showing Its Potential as a Targeted Site Delivery Agent DOI Creative Commons

Emilio Rivera López,

Cecilia Samaniego López, Carla Spagnuolo

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 964 - 964

Published: July 21, 2024

Targeting drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging due presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The cutting edge in nanotechnology generates optimism overcome growing challenges biomedical sciences through effective engineering nanogels. primary objective present report was develop and characterize a biocompatible natural chitosan (CS)-based NG that can be tracked thanks tricarbocyanine (CNN) fluorescent probe addition on biopolymer backbone. FTIR shed light chemical groups involved CS CNN interactions between CNN-CS tripolyphosphate, cross-linking agent. Both vitro vivo experiments were carried out determine if CS-NGs utilized as therapeutic delivery vehicles directed towards brain. An ionic gelation method chosen generate cationic CNN-CS-NG. DLS TEM confirmed these entities' sizes fell into nanoscale. CNN-CS-NG found non-cytotoxic, determined SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line biocompatibility assays. After cellular internalization, occurrence an endo-lysosomal escape (a crucial event for efficient drug delivery) detected. Furthermore, administered intraperitoneally female CF-1 mice detected different brain regions after 2 h administration, using fluorescence microscopy. To conclude, obtained findings useful field neuro-nanomedicine when designing with purpose delivering CNS.

Language: Английский

A short guide to the tight junction DOI Creative Commons
Sandra Citi, Michael Fromm, Mikio Furuse

et al.

Journal of Cell Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(9)

Published: May 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers establish maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing multicompartmental organisms true, barrier-forming epithelia endothelia. In six decades have passed since first observations by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made understanding structure, function, molecular composition regulation TJs. The goal this Perspective is to highlight key concepts emerged through research future challenges lie ahead for field.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Advancing neurological disorders therapies: Organic nanoparticles as a key to blood-brain barrier penetration DOI Creative Commons
Zahra Razavi,

Seyed Sina Alizadeh,

F. S. Razavi

et al.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 670, P. 125186 - 125186

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by preventing entry of harmful pathogens from bloodstream. However, this also presents significant obstacle when it comes to delivering drugs for treatment neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs nanotechnology have paved way creation wide range nanoparticles (NPs) that can serve as carriers diagnosis therapy. Regarding their promising properties, organic NPs potential be used effective drug delivery across BBB based on recent advancements. These remarkable ability penetrate using various mechanisms. This review offers comprehensive examination intricate structure distinct properties BBB, emphasizing its crucial function preserving balance regulating transport ions molecules. disruption conditions such stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease highlights importance developing creative approaches drugs. Through encapsulation therapeutic molecules precise targeting processes vasculature, NP formulations present hopeful strategy improve BBB. We explore changes pathological investigate factors affect successful into brain. In addition, we most systems associated with shown positive results treating ischemic disorders. opens up new possibilities nanotechnology-based therapies cerebral diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
The Crucial Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications DOI Open Access
Sehwan Kim, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 386 - 386

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial structure that maintains brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules and cells from bloodstream into central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease, well ischemic stroke, compromise integrity BBB. This leads to increased permeability infiltration harmful substances, thereby accelerating neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore mechanisms underlying BBB disruption, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, loss tight junction integrity, in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how breakdown contributes neurotoxicity, abnormal accumulation pathological proteins, all which exacerbate neuronal damage facilitate disease progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring function, anti-inflammatory treatments, antioxidant therapies, approaches enhance integrity. Given role neurodegeneration, maintaining its represents promising approach slow prevent progression

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Bone-brain interaction: mechanisms and potential intervention strategies of biomaterials DOI Creative Commons
Jinfang Yu,

Luli Ji,

Yongxian Liu

et al.

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence, bone-brain interaction has emerged a research hotspot, unveiling complex bidirectional communication between and brain. Studies indicate that brain can influence each other’s homeostasis via multiple pathways, yet there is dearth systematic reviews in this area. This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas: bone-derived factors on function, effects brain-related diseases or injuries (BRDI) health, concept skeletal interoception. Additionally, discusses innovative approaches biomaterial design inspired by mechanisms, aiming to facilitate through materiobiological aid treatment neurodegenerative bone-related diseases. Notably, integration artificial intelligence (AI) highlighted, showcasing AI’s role expediting formulation effective targeted strategies. In conclusion, offers vital insights into mechanisms suggests advanced harness these clinical practice. These offer promising avenues for preventing treating impacting skeleton brain, underscoring potential interdisciplinary enhancing human health.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Mechanisms of receptor-mediated transcytosis at the blood-brain barrier DOI Creative Commons
Habib Baghirov

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 381, P. 113595 - 113595

Published: March 6, 2025

In receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) of large therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), construct - a macromolecule or larger carrier with therapeutic payload binds protein on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), internalization and release into parenchyma. The construct's into, trafficking from, but also possible entrapment within BCEC are affected by its engineered properties whose optimization has helped derive insights transport mechanisms at BCEC. Furthermore, advances in multi-omics, as well large-scale screening directed evolution campaigns have identify new targets for RMT this perspective, I raise reflect some fundamental questions one can arrive comparing BBB-targeted constructs different target proteins. These concern underlying, transcytosis-promoting factors that constructs' appears to converge on, precise role proteins RMT, through which these may mediate trafficking, tentative criteria selection Based considerations propose several scenarios strategies interfere more efficient internalization, endosomal network toward abluminal membrane, from BCEC, both smaller macromolecules carriers.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Evaluation of size-dependent uptake, transport and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastic in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model DOI Creative Commons

Y. K. Cho,

Eun U Seo,

Kyeong Seob Hwang

et al.

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Microplastics, particularly those in the micrometer scale, have been shown to enter human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Recent research indicates that microplastics can potentially impact central nervous system (CNS) by crossing blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, exact mechanisms of their transport, uptake, subsequent toxicity at BBB remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated size-dependent uptake cytotoxicity polystyrene microparticles using an engineered model. Our findings demonstrate 0.2 μm exhibit significantly higher transendothelial transport compared 1.0 microparticles, leading increased permeability cellular damage. After 24 h exposure, 15.6-fold for particles 2-fold control. 72 further 27.3-fold a 4.5-fold Notably, administration following TNF-α treatment resulted enhanced absorption greater damage non-stimulated conditions. Additionally, observed differently between 2D cultured cells 3D models, highlighting importance testing models evaluating environmental toxicity.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Susa, Silvia Arpicco, Candido Fabrizio Pirri

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 849 - 849

Published: June 22, 2024

The state of well-being and health our body is regulated by the fine osmotic biochemical balance established between cells different tissues, organs, systems. Specific districts human are defined, kept in correct functioning, and, therefore, protected from exogenous or endogenous insults both mechanical, physical, biological nature presence barrier In addition to placental barrier, which even acts as a linker two organisms, mother fetus, all barriers, including blood-brain (BBB), blood-retinal blood-nerve blood-lymph blood-cerebrospinal fluid operate maintain physiological homeostasis within tissues organs. From pharmaceutical point view, most challenging undoubtedly BBB, since its notably complicates treatment brain disorders. BBB action can impair delivery chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals into brain, reducing their therapeutic efficacy and/or increasing unwanted bioaccumulation surrounding healthy tissues. Recent nanotechnological innovation provides advanced biomaterials ad hoc customized engineering functionalization methods able assist brain-targeted drug delivery. this context, lipid nanocarriers, synthetic (liposomes, solid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanostructured carriers, niosomes, proniosomes, cubosomes) cell-derived ones (extracellular vesicles cell membrane-derived nanocarriers), considered one successful systems due reasonable biocompatibility ability cross BBB. This review aims provide complete up-to-date view on varied whether FDA-approved, involved clinical trials, used vitro vivo studies, for inflammatory, cancerous, infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Potential Roles of Natural Antioxidants in Modulating Neurodegenerative Disease Pathways DOI
Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi,

Ejime A Chijiokwu,

Benneth Ben‐Azu

et al.

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The blood brain barrier dysfunction in healthy aging and dementia: why, how, what for? DOI
Susana Cunha,

Joana Bicker,

José Sereno

et al.

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 102395 - 102395

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Beyond wrecking a wall: revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke DOI Creative Commons
Julia Castillo-González, Elena González‐Rey

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 1944 - 1956

Published: July 29, 2024

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system peripheral circulation. It tightly modulates ion transport nutrient influx, while restricting entry of harmful factors, selectively limiting migration immune cells, thereby maintaining brain homeostasis. Despite well-established association between disruption most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases, much remains unknown about factors influencing its physiology mechanisms underlying breakdown. Moreover, role breakdown in translational failure therapies for disorders is just starting to be understood. This review aims revisit this concept “blood–brain breakdown,” delving into controversial aspects, prevalent challenges, knowledge gaps concerning lack integrity. By moving beyond oversimplistic dichotomy an “open”/“bad” or “closed”/“good” barrier, our objective provide more comprehensive insight dynamics, identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating dysfunction. Furthermore, review, we advocate considering diverse time- location-dependent alterations which go tight-junction endothelial cell breakdown, illustrated through dynamics ischemic stroke as case study. Through exploration, seek underscore complexity dysfunction implications pathogenesis therapy diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

6