A short guide to the tight junction

Journal of Cell Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(9)

Published: May 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers establish maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing multicompartmental organisms true, barrier-forming epithelia endothelia. In six decades have passed since first observations by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made understanding structure, function, molecular composition regulation TJs. The goal this Perspective is to highlight key concepts emerged through research future challenges lie ahead for field.

Language: Английский

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Advancing neurological disorders therapies: Organic nanoparticles as a key to blood-brain barrier penetration

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 670, P. 125186 - 125186

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by preventing entry of harmful pathogens from bloodstream. However, this also presents significant obstacle when it comes to delivering drugs for treatment neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs nanotechnology have paved way creation wide range nanoparticles (NPs) that can serve as carriers diagnosis therapy. Regarding their promising properties, organic NPs potential be used effective drug delivery across BBB based on recent advancements. These remarkable ability penetrate using various mechanisms. This review offers comprehensive examination intricate structure distinct properties BBB, emphasizing its crucial function preserving balance regulating transport ions molecules. disruption conditions such stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease highlights importance developing creative approaches drugs. Through encapsulation therapeutic molecules precise targeting processes vasculature, NP formulations present hopeful strategy improve BBB. We explore changes pathological investigate factors affect successful into brain. In addition, we most systems associated with shown positive results treating ischemic disorders. opens up new possibilities nanotechnology-based therapies cerebral diseases.

Language: Английский

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Bone-brain interaction: mechanisms and potential intervention strategies of biomaterials

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence, bone-brain interaction has emerged a research hotspot, unveiling complex bidirectional communication between and brain. Studies indicate that brain can influence each other’s homeostasis via multiple pathways, yet there is dearth systematic reviews in this area. This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas: bone-derived factors on function, effects brain-related diseases or injuries (BRDI) health, concept skeletal interoception. Additionally, discusses innovative approaches biomaterial design inspired by mechanisms, aiming to facilitate through materiobiological aid treatment neurodegenerative bone-related diseases. Notably, integration artificial intelligence (AI) highlighted, showcasing AI’s role expediting formulation effective targeted strategies. In conclusion, offers vital insights into mechanisms suggests advanced harness these clinical practice. These offer promising avenues for preventing treating impacting skeleton brain, underscoring potential interdisciplinary enhancing human health.

Language: Английский

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An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 849 - 849

Published: June 22, 2024

The state of well-being and health our body is regulated by the fine osmotic biochemical balance established between cells different tissues, organs, systems. Specific districts human are defined, kept in correct functioning, and, therefore, protected from exogenous or endogenous insults both mechanical, physical, biological nature presence barrier In addition to placental barrier, which even acts as a linker two organisms, mother fetus, all barriers, including blood-brain (BBB), blood-retinal blood-nerve blood-lymph blood-cerebrospinal fluid operate maintain physiological homeostasis within tissues organs. From pharmaceutical point view, most challenging undoubtedly BBB, since its notably complicates treatment brain disorders. BBB action can impair delivery chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals into brain, reducing their therapeutic efficacy and/or increasing unwanted bioaccumulation surrounding healthy tissues. Recent nanotechnological innovation provides advanced biomaterials ad hoc customized engineering functionalization methods able assist brain-targeted drug delivery. this context, lipid nanocarriers, synthetic (liposomes, solid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanostructured carriers, niosomes, proniosomes, cubosomes) cell-derived ones (extracellular vesicles cell membrane-derived nanocarriers), considered one successful systems due reasonable biocompatibility ability cross BBB. This review aims provide complete up-to-date view on varied whether FDA-approved, involved clinical trials, used vitro vivo studies, for inflammatory, cancerous, infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

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Nanocarrier drug delivery system: promising platform for targeted depression therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 25, 2024

Depression is a chronic mental disorder characterized by persistent low mood and loss of interest. Treatments for depression are varied but may not be sufficient cure. Drug-based treatment regimens have drawbacks such as slow onset action, bioavailability, drug side effects. Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) has received increasing attention brain delivery since it assists the through blood-brain barrier improves which beneficial treating depression. Due to particle size physicochemical properties nanocarriers, presents promise improve stability solubility antidepressants, thereby enhancing concentration. Moreover, ligand-modified nanocarriers can taken target direct medicines release system reduce The purpose present review provide an up-to-date understanding relevant antidepressants in different routes ingestion, lay foundation patients with

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of size-dependent uptake, transport and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastic in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Microplastics, particularly those in the micrometer scale, have been shown to enter human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Recent research indicates that microplastics can potentially impact central nervous system (CNS) by crossing blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, exact mechanisms of their transport, uptake, subsequent toxicity at BBB remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated size-dependent uptake cytotoxicity polystyrene microparticles using an engineered model. Our findings demonstrate 0.2 μm exhibit significantly higher transendothelial transport compared 1.0 microparticles, leading increased permeability cellular damage. After 24 h exposure, 15.6-fold for particles 2-fold control. 72 further 27.3-fold a 4.5-fold Notably, administration following TNF-α treatment resulted enhanced absorption greater damage non-stimulated conditions. Additionally, observed differently between 2D cultured cells 3D models, highlighting importance testing models evaluating environmental toxicity.

Language: Английский

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Nanobilosome as custom-tailored modality in addressing Alzheimer’s disease: advancements and translational glitches

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 32

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Current Progress in Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound to Facilitate Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 719 - 719

Published: May 27, 2024

This review discusses the current progress in clinical use of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) and other platforms to transiently permeabilize blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug delivery neurological disorders neuro-oncology. Safety trials humans have followed on from extensive pre-clinical studies, demonstrating a reassuring safety profile paving way numerous translational Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s primary metastatic brain tumors. Future directions include improving devices, exploring alternative approaches such as nanodroplets, expanding application conditions.

Language: Английский

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The blood brain barrier dysfunction in healthy aging and dementia: why, how, what for?

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 102395 - 102395

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Beyond wrecking a wall: revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 1944 - 1956

Published: July 29, 2024

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system peripheral circulation. It tightly modulates ion transport nutrient influx, while restricting entry of harmful factors, selectively limiting migration immune cells, thereby maintaining brain homeostasis. Despite well-established association between disruption most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases, much remains unknown about factors influencing its physiology mechanisms underlying breakdown. Moreover, role breakdown in translational failure therapies for disorders is just starting to be understood. This review aims revisit this concept “blood–brain breakdown,” delving into controversial aspects, prevalent challenges, knowledge gaps concerning lack integrity. By moving beyond oversimplistic dichotomy an “open”/“bad” or “closed”/“good” barrier, our objective provide more comprehensive insight dynamics, identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating dysfunction. Furthermore, review, we advocate considering diverse time- location-dependent alterations which go tight-junction endothelial cell breakdown, illustrated through dynamics ischemic stroke as case study. Through exploration, seek underscore complexity dysfunction implications pathogenesis therapy diseases.

Language: Английский

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