Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: March 5, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis. This study assessed the general public's consumption of antibiotics and associated factors in Lusaka district Zambia.

Language: Английский

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Knowledge, awareness and practices of healthcare workers regarding antimicrobial use, resistance and stewardship in Zambia: a multi-facility cross-sectional study

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(3)

Published: May 6, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public health globally. Despite its consequences, there is little information about the knowledge, awareness, and practices towards AMR among healthcare workers (HCWs). Therefore, this study assessed awareness regarding antimicrobial use (AMU), stewardship (AMS) HCWs who are involved in implementation of AMS activities across eight hospitals Zambia.

Language: Английский

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Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Proposal for a Global Evidence-Based Bundle

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 100 - 100

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

In the multimodal strategy context, to implement healthcare-associated infection prevention, bundles are one of most commonly used methods adapt guidelines in local context and transfer best practices into routine clinical care. One important measures prevent surgical site infections is antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). This narrative review aims present a bundle for correct SAP administration evaluate evidence supporting it. Surgical (SSI) prevention published by WHO, CDC, NICE, SHEA/IDSA/APIC/AHA, practice ASHP/IDSA/SIS/SHEA, were reviewed. Subsequently, comprehensive searches also conducted using PubMed®/MEDLINE Google Scholar databases, order identify further evidence-based documentation. The includes five different that may affect proper administration. included be easily implemented all hospitals worldwide based on minimal drug pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics knowledge, which surgeons should know. Antibiotics prescribed procedures at high risk SSIs, such as clean–contaminated contaminated or clean where even if unlikely, have devastating consequences, with prosthetic implants. generally administered within 60 min before incision antibiotics (including cefazolin). redosing indicated exceeding two half-lives significantly associated blood loss. principle, discontinued after procedure. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programmes can optimise treatment reduce adverse events antibiotics. collaborative interdisciplinary approach, it essential encourage an institutional safety culture persuaded, rather than compelled, respect prescribing practices. proposed contains set interventions It easy apply, promotes collaboration, adequately followed evaluated worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical and environmental samples: findings and implications

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Background The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials has worsened the problem antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. This study investigated AMR profiles Escherichia coli isolated from clinical environmental samples in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods was a cross-sectional conducted February 2023 to June using 450 samples. VITEK® 2 Compact used identify E. perform susceptibility testing. Data analysis done WHONET 2022 SPSS version 25.0. Results Of samples, 66.7% (n = 300) were whereas 33.3% 150) Overall, 47.8% 215) (37.8% 10% environmental) tested positive for coli. 215 isolates, 66.5% MDR 42.8% ESBL-producers. Most isolates resistant ampicillin (81.4%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (70.7%), ciprofloxacin (67.9%), levofloxacin (64.6%), ceftriaxone (62.3%) cefuroxime (62%). Intriguingly, highly susceptible amikacin (100%), imipenem (99.5%), nitrofurantoin (89.3%), ceftolozane/tazobactam (82%) gentamicin (72.1%). Conclusions found high some antibiotics that are commonly humans. isolation ESBL-producing is public health concern requires urgent action. Therefore, there need instigate strengthen interventional strategies including stewardship programmes combat

Language: Английский

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Pattern of antibiotic dispensing at pharmacies according to access, watch, reserve (AWaRe) classification: multicenter study after COVID-19 waves in different districts of Pakistan

BMC Research Notes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The dispensing of non-prescription antibiotics is a worldwide concern, and should only be dispensed with legitimate prescription. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the simulated client methodology, data collected, recorded, analyzed SPSS. visited 210 pharmacies, which 70 without Outcomes most often suggested for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were Amoxicillin (n = 17, 8.1%), Clarithromycin 20, 9.5%), Moxifloxacin 13, 6.2%), 33.3% medications prescription URTIs. Cefixime 9.5%) ceftriaxone 8.1%) administered urinary (UTIs). non-prescribed (UTIs) markedly elevated (p < 0.05). Antibiotics diarrheal diseases in over 50% Metronidazole 23, 11%), Azithromycin 16, 7.6%), Rifaximin 15, 7.1%) being prescribed. In all bivariate multivariate models, male gender associated reduced likelihood (COR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12–0.72; p 0.0079 AOR: 0.03, 0.005–0.15; 0.0001). Individuals aged 30 years older exhibited increased odds both 3.67, 1.69–8.87; 0.0018) analyses (AOR: 9.44, 2.55–61.70; 0.001). presence pharmacist on duty diminished administering 0.13, 0.06–0.25; 0.001; 0.06, 0.03–0.16; These findings highlight imperative enforcing existing laws implementing rigorous rules, alongside pharmacy-centered antimicrobial stewardship programs that focus accurate practices to mitigate resistance.

Language: Английский

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Comparing Large Language Models for antibiotic prescribing in different clinical scenarios: which perform better?

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Hospital prescribing patterns of antibiotics in Zambia using the WHO prescribing indicators post-COVID-19 pandemic: findings and implications

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem that fuelled by the inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics, especially those from 'watch' and 'reserve' antibiotic lists. The irrational antibiotics particularly prevalent in developing countries, including Zambia. Consequently, there need to better understand patterns across sectors Zambia as basis for future interventions. This study evaluated using WHO indicators alongside 'access, watch reserve' (AWaRe) classification system post-COVID pandemic at faith-based hospital

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Narrative Exploration of Antibiotic Overprescribing, Stewardship Interventions, and Performance Metrics

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 276 - 276

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Antibiotic overprescribing is prevalent in pediatric emergency medicine, influenced by clinician–caregiver dynamics and diagnostic uncertainties, poses substantial risks such as increasing antibacterial resistance, adverse drug reactions, increased healthcare expenditures. While antimicrobial stewardship programs have proven effective optimizing antibiotic use within inpatient settings, their implementation medicine presents specific challenges. Existing biomarkers like white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin limitations ability to distinguish (serious) bacterial infections from other etiologies of fever. Furthermore, rapid antigen detection tests guidelines aimed at guiding prescriptions for children not consistently reduced unnecessary use. To improve prescribing practices, potential strategies include the utilization decision support tools, audit feedback, establishing follow-up procedures, implementing safety netting systems, delivering comprehensive training supervision. Notably, host genome signatures also gained attention facilitate precise diagnoses inflammatory syndromes. Standardized metrics are crucial evaluating enabling establishment benchmarks assessing utilization, quality enhancement initiatives, research endeavors.

Language: Английский

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Preventing and Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infections: The First Principle of Every Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Hospital Settings

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 896 - 896

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main public health global burdens 21st century, responsible for over a million deaths every year. Hospital programs aimed at improving antibiotic use, referred to as antimicrobial stewardship (ASPs), can both optimize treatment infections and minimize adverse antibiotics events including development spread AMR. The challenge AMR closely linked healthcare-associated infection (HAIs). In fact, management patients with HAIs frequently requires administration broader-spectrum regimens due higher risk acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms, which, in turn, promotes resistance. For this reason, even before using correctly, it necessary prevent control our hospitals. narrative review, we present seven measures that healthcare workers, if not directly involved tasks prevention control, must know, support, embrace. We hope review may raise awareness among all professionals about issues increasing rate ongoing efforts towards minimizing its rise.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial stewardship situation analysis in selected hospitals in Zambia: findings and implications from a national survey

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are critical in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is little information regarding the capacity of hospitals to establish and implement AMS programs. The objective this study was conduct a baseline assessment WHO core elements for an program implementation eight Zambia. Materials methods We conducted exploratory cross-sectional from September 2023 December using self-scoring Periodic National Healthcare Facility Assessment Tool World Health Organization (WHO) policy guidance on integrated activities human health. Eight public were surveyed across five provinces Data analyzed tool thematic analysis. Results Overall, 62.5% (6/8) facilities scored low (below 60%) implementing Most had challenges with reporting feedback within hospital (average score = 46%), Drugs Therapeutics Committee (DTC) functionality 49%), actions 50%), education training 54%), leadership commitment 56%). overall all average (56%). All (100%) did not have allocated budget Finally, neither antibiograms guide utilization nor AMS-trained staff more than 50% surveyed. Conclusion This found these hospitals, especially where DTCs non-functional. identified gaps require urgent attention sustainable multidisciplinary

Language: Английский

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