Circovirus Hepatitis Infection in Heart-Lung Transplant Patient, France

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 286 - 293

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

In March 2022, a 61-year-old woman in France who had received heart-lung transplant sought treatment with chronic hepatitis mainly characterized by increased liver enzymes. After ruling out common etiologies, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to analyze biopsy sample and identified an unknown species of circovirus, tentatively named human circovirus 1 (HCirV-1). We found no other viral or bacterial sequences. HCirV-1 shared 70% amino acid identity the closest known The genome was undetectable blood samples from 2017-2019, then became detectable at low levels September 2020 peaked very high titers (1010 copies/mL) January 2022. >108 copies/g mL blood, concomitant hepatic cytolysis. detected transcripts 2% hepatocytes, demonstrating replication supporting role damage.

Language: Английский

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Discovery of viruses and bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease on farms at a nationwide scale in China using metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Respiratory disease (RD) is a worldwide leading threat to the pig industry, but there still limited understanding of pathogens associated with swine RD. In this study, we conducted nationwide genomic surveillance on identifying viruses, bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from lungs pigs RD in China. By performing metatranscriptomic sequencing combined metagenomic sequencing, identified 21 viral species belonging 12 families. Among them, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A herpes adenovirus, parvovirus were commonly identified. However, emerging such as Getah virus coronaviruses, also characterized. Apart total 164 bacterial identified, Streptococcus suis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis , hyopneumoniae Glaesserella parasuis Pasteurella multocida being frequently detected high abundances. Notably, Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae highly detected. Our further analysis revealed complex interaction between We retrospectively analyses demonstrate prevalent genotypes or serotypes Finally, 48 ARGs, which conferred 13 predicted classes, many these ARGs significantly substantial number mobile genetic elements, including transposons (e.g., tnp AIS1, A1353, int 3, IS Cau1) plasmids Col(BS512), Col(YC)]. These findings will contribute etiology, epidemiology, microbial interactions RD, may shed light development effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE viruses bacteria China at farm scale by sequencing. demonstrated different and/or work provides comprehensive knowledge about data reference for research vaccines against disease.

Language: Английский

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Development of a duplex real-time recombinase aided amplification assay for the simultaneous and rapid detection of PCV3 and PCV4

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Porcine circoviruses 3 (PCV3) and 4 (PCV4) are emerging pathogens with global implications for swine industry, disturbing the diagnosis of PCVs associated diseases due to a range similar clinical symptoms increasingly coinfections. A rapid accurate method detection PCV3 PCV4 is critical controlling transmission disease. We developed duplex real-time recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay both simultaneously. The was completed within 20 min at 39℃ designed optimal primers probes. established more convenient simpler operation compared conventional molecular biological assays. achieved limit 73.67 copies/reaction each circovirus (at 95% probability by probit regression analysis) showed high specificity no cross-reactivity other important porcine viruses (including PCV2). intra- inter-group coefficients variation (CV) were ranged from 2.08 4.97%, indicating stability reliability. Comparative analysis qPCR on 60 samples artificially spiked indicated congruence (the kappa value 0.966 1, respectively, p < 0.001), only minor discrepancies, validating effectiveness RAA in detecting co-infections its suitability preliminary PCV4. This study provides robust basis multiplex veterinary using technique, enhancing field's capacity control PCV4, supporting reliable aid epidemiological understanding circoviruses.

Language: Английский

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Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019–2020

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 30, 2023

Abstract Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is considered a novel PCV, firstly found in China 2019 and later discovered Korea. This present study investigated the prevalence genetic characteristics of PCV4 from high pig-density areas Thailand during 2019–2020. From 734 samples, three samples (0.4%) aborted fetuses porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) cases were positive for PCV4, two PCV4-positive coinfected with both PCV2 PRRSV, other sample was PCV2. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed presence bronchial epithelial cells lymphocytes histiocyte-like lymphoid follicles PRDC-affected pig. The complete Thai genome had over 98% nucleotide identity strains closely related to Korean Chinese PCV4b strains. Importantly, amino acid residue at position 212 Cap gene recommended differentiating PCV4a ( L) M) based on currently available sequences. These findings provide important clues pathogenesis, epidemiology, Thailand.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of circovirus immunosuppression and pathogenesis with a focus on porcine circovirus 2: a review

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 1 - 18

Published: July 11, 2023

Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by which circoviruses, including most studied porcine circovirus 2, and other mammalian avian trigger own replication confound hosts' response. At different stages infection, from latent state disease induction, these viruses markedly influence cellular signaling pathways. Circoviruses have been found interfere with interferon proinflammatory cytokine producing responsive Apoptotic processes, altered transport constraint mitotic phase all support viral replication. The imbalance lymphocyte depletion, thus impaired immunity, favors invasion super- or co-infecting agents, in concert circoviruses induce illnesses increased severity. information summarized this review point out diversity host factors involved progression during

Language: Английский

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Emergence of novel circoviruses in humans and pigs and their possible importance for xenotransplantation and blood transfusions

Xenotransplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Background As sequencing is becoming more broadly available, virus discovery continues. Small DNA viruses contribute to up 60% of the overall load in pigs. Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are small with a single‐stranded circular genome. They common pig breeds and have not been properly addressed for their potential risk xenotransplantation. Whereas PCV1 non‐pathogenic pigs, PCV2 has associated various disease manifestations. Recently two new described, PCV3 PCV4. While PCV4 currently present mainly Asia, widely distributed, identified commercial wild boars, pigs generated In one case was transmitted by baboons via heart transplantation. pathogenicity controversial initially, however, found be porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure, multisystemic inflammation. Inoculation studies infectious clones confirmed that pathogenic. Most importantly, recently discovered human (CV) closely related PCV3. Methods Literature evaluated summarized. A dendrogram existing humans, other animal species created assessed at level. Results We can divided into three species, CV1, CV2, CV3. Human CV2 CV3 closest Conclusions Circoviruses ubiquitous. This communication should create awareness newly circoviruses, which may problem blood transfusions xenotransplantation immune suppressed individuals.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 198 - 198

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous pathogen, and co-infections with the emerging PCV3 are increasingly reported. Both PCV2 have been implicated in reproductive failure, yet diagnostic criteria for remain under development. While fetal or neonatal antibody detection recognized indicator of transplacental infection multiple species, appears to be an exception due possible transfer maternal antibodies. This study evaluated IgG, IgA, IgM antibodies heart, kidney, lung, spleen aborted fetuses from sows co-infected PCV3. PCR analysis revealed that all were positive both PCV3, Ct values being generally lower than those PCV2, although this difference was not statistically significant. Antibody profiling showed higher prevalence anti-PCV3 IgA compared anti-PCV2 particularly while IgG responses against viruses similar. These findings suggest tissues may provide supportive evidence involvement these failure; however, further studies needed establish causation definitively.

Language: Английский

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Expert opinion on the identification, risk assessment, and mitigation of microorganisms and parasites relevant to xenotransplantation products from pigs

Xenotransplantation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Xenotransplantation has the potential to address shortages of organs available for clinical transplantation, but concerns exist regarding risks posed by porcine microorganisms and parasites (MP) health human recipients. In this study, a risk-based framework was developed, expert opinion elicited evaluate MP based on swine exposure risk health. Experts identified 255 include in assessment. These were rated experts five criteria USA risks. subsequently categorized into three mitigation groups according pre-defined rules: disqualifying (due their pathogenic potential, n = 130); non-disqualifying (still relevant consider biosecurity or monitoring efforts, 40); alert/watch list (not reported not swine, 85). Most (n 126) 36) can effectively be eliminated with high programs. This approach supports surveillance strategies produced xenotransplantation, such as documentation freedom from MP, use screening, monitoring, elimination options. To authors' knowledge, is first effort comprehensively identify all systematically transparently infection both donor animals immunosuppressed recipients, impacts recipients infected xenotransplantation products pigs.

Language: Английский

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First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) in Malaysia

Tropical biomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 301 - 306

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is the newest member in porcine family, first reported 2020.To date, presence of PCV4 has only been China, South Korea and most recently Thailand.Detection have various production stages pigs from piglets, finishers to sows; associated with a myriad clinical manifestations including dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), postweaning multisystemic wasting (PMWS), respiratory, enteric neurological diseases.While successful virus isolation culture yet be reported, pathogenicity demonstrated through infectious clone studies.The objective this study investigate Malaysian population update epidemiology circoviruses Malaysia.A total 49 samples commercial intensive pig farms, abattoir wild boar were subjected conventional polymerase chain reaction assay detect capsid (cap) genome.Resulting cap nucleotide sequences analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship.Results revealed that present Peninsular Malaysia at molecular prevalence 4.08% (2 / samples).Both positive originated clinically healthy finishers.Malaysian strains classified as genotype PCV4b, found phylogenetically distinct Thailand strains.With latest novel Malaysia, it clear more attention needs given investigation (PCV) management PCV diseases.

Language: Английский

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Generation of porcine circovirus type 4 virus-like particles and their use to detect serum antibodies

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 169(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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