Decoding molecular mechanisms: brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease DOI Creative Commons

Mahnoor Hayat,

Rafay Ali Syed,

Hammad Qaiser

et al.

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 2279 - 2299

Published: July 29, 2024

The complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been hot topic of research for centuries. process alters structure that affects functions cognitions, but worsening such processes contributes to pathogenesis neurodegenerative disorders, as Alzheimer's disease. Beyond these observable, mild morphological shifts, significant functional modifications in neurotransmission neuronal activity critically influence brain. Understanding changes is important maintaining cognitive health, especially given increasing prevalence age-related conditions affect cognition. This review aims explore age-induced plasticity molecular processes, differentiating normal from disease, thereby providing insights into predicting risk dementia, particularly

Language: Английский

Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin DOI

Gaetano Santulli,

Valeria Visco, Fahimeh Varzideh

et al.

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 1637 - 1643

Published: May 16, 2024

Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction DOI Creative Commons
Marina Cefis,

Rémi Chaney,

Julien Wirtz

et al.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Accumulating evidence supports that physical exercise (EX) is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve brain health. EX prevents cognitive decline associated with age and decreases risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases psychiatric disorders. These positive effects can be attributed an increase in neurogenesis neuroplastic processes, leading learning memory improvement. At molecular level, there a solid consensus involve neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as crucial molecule for on brain. However, even though incontestably leads beneficial processes through BDNF expression, cellular sources mechanisms underlying EX-induced cerebral overproduction are still being elucidated. In this context, present review offers summary different involved brain’s response EX, specific focus BDNF. It aims provide cohesive overview three main production: neuronal-dependent overexpression, elevation blood flow (hemodynamic hypothesis), exerkine signaling emanating from peripheral tissues (humoral response). By shedding light these intricate pathways, seeks contribute ongoing elucidation relationship between offering valuable insights into potential therapeutic implications health enhancement.

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease DOI Creative Commons
Min Zhang, Zhan Zhang, Honghong Li

et al.

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant type of dementia worldwide. It characterized by progressive irreversible decline cognitive functions. In addition to pathological beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glial activation, neuronal injury in postmortem brains AD patients, increasing evidence suggests that often overlooked vascular dysfunction an important early event pathophysiology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays critical role regulating physiological functions changes blood vessels, but whether VEGF involved stage pathology remains unclear. Methods We used antiangiogenic agent for clinical cancer treatment, humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, block binding its receptors 5×FAD mouse model at age. After memory performance was evaluated novel object recognition test, cerebral permeability perfusion were examined Evans blue assay flow scanning imaging analysis. Immunofluorescence staining measure activation Aβ deposits. analyzed enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoblotting. RNA sequencing performed elucidate bevacizumab-associated transcriptional signatures hippocampus mice. Results Bevacizumab treatment administered from 4 months age dramatically improved cerebrovascular functions, reduced restored long-term both sexes Notably, sex-specific change different identified cortex Soluble VEGFR1 decreased female mice, while full-length VEGFR2 increased male reversed altered expression be comparable level wild-type Gene Set Enrichment Analysis transcriptomic revealed bevacizumab effectively gene sets associated with blood–brain barrier integrity smooth muscle contraction Conclusions Our study demonstrated mechanistic roles amyloidopathy protective effects on function These findings also suggest therapeutic potential intervention AD.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies DOI Creative Commons

Enjie Liu,

Yao Zhang,

Jian–Zhi Wang

et al.

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Physical Exercise Counteracts Aging-Associated White Matter Demyelination Causing Cognitive Decline DOI Creative Commons

Tanya Butt,

Makoto Tobiume,

Diane B. Ré

et al.

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 2136 - 2136

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes wrap around neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating layer or sheath that allows for efficient conductance of action potentials. addition structural insulation, myelin provides encased with nutrient, metabolic and defensive support. Demyelination, loss, can therefore cause axonal dysfunction, leading neurological impairment disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive white matter demyelination is acknowledged as one earliest pathologies preceding symptom onset. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapy slowing promoting remyelination in AD nonexistent. Exercise recognized its wide-ranging benefits human health, including improved mental health prevention lifestyle-related diseases. Mounting evidence suggests contribution physical activity delaying progression dementia elderly populations. Recent mechanistic studies have shown exercise facilitates myelination brain through vitalization intrinsic pro-myelination cues, such increased neurotrophic factors electrical activity. this review, we summarize discuss potential on counteracting aging-associated demyelination, which causes cognitive decline AD. We highlight need further basic clinical research investigations topic establish novel approaches healthy aging.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Understanding the neuronal synapse and challenges associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease DOI
Harkomal Verma, Prabhakar Gangwar,

Anuradha Yadav

et al.

Mitochondrion, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 19 - 29

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Redox imbalance and metabolic defects in the context of Alzheimer disease DOI Open Access
Fabio Di Domenico, Chiara Lanzillotta, Marzia Perluigi

et al.

FEBS Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2024

Redox reactions play a critical role for intracellular processes, including pathways involved in metabolism and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act either as second messengers or generators of protein modifications, fundamental mechanisms signal transduction. Disturbance redox homeostasis is associated with many disorders. Among these, Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative pathology that presents hallmarks oxidative damage such increased ROS production, decreased activity antioxidant enzymes, modifications macromolecules, changes mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, alteration closely defects energy metabolism, involving both carbohydrates lipids, the major fuels cell. As brain relies exclusively on glucose utilization represent harmful event brain. During aging, progressive perturbation occurs resulting hypometabolism. This condition contributes to increase neuronal cell vulnerability ultimately cognitive impairment. The current review discusses crosstalk between seems concert promoting neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The Interplay of Sports and Nutrition in Neurological Health and Recovery DOI Open Access
Vicente Javier Clemente‐Suárez, Laura Redondo-Flórez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 2065 - 2065

Published: April 2, 2024

This comprehensive review explores the dynamic relationship between sports, nutrition, and neurological health. Focusing on recent clinical advancements, it examines how physical activity dietary practices influence prevention, treatment, rehabilitation of various conditions. The highlights role neuroimaging in understanding these interactions, discusses emerging technologies neurotherapeutic interventions, evaluates efficacy sports nutritional strategies enhancing recovery. synthesis current knowledge aims to provide a deeper lifestyle factors can be integrated into improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Dysfunction in the hierarchy of morphometric similarity network in Alzheimer’s disease and its correlation with cognitive performance and gene expression profiles DOI
Chuchu Zheng, Wei Zhao, Zeyu Yang

et al.

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Previous research has shown abnormal functional network gradients in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Structural gradient is capable of capturing continuous changes brain morphology and the ability to elucidate underlying processes neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether structural are altered AD what associations exist between these cognitive function, gene expression profiles. Methods By constructing an individualized decomposition framework, we calculated morphological similarity (MSN) for 404 subjects (186 patients 218 normal controls). We investigated AD-related alterations MSN gradients, along with topological properties, Results Our findings indicated that principal were primarily characterized by increase primary secondary sensory cortices a decrease association cortex 1. The higher-order exhibited opposite cognition, including executive language skills, memory processes. Moreover, found significantly predict function AD. pattern was 14.8% attributable profiles, genes demonstrating highest correlation involved metabolic activity synaptic signaling. Conclusions results offered novel insights into mechanisms impairment patients, enhancing our understanding neurobiological responsible impaired cognition AD, offering new dimensional biomarker

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Interactions of physical activity and lung function on cognitive health in older adults: Joint association and mediation analysis DOI Creative Commons
Peng Hu,

Dan Song,

Heng Tian

et al.

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100090 - 100090

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Maintaining cognitive health in old adults has become a significant public challenge, with lung function and physical activity (PA) as essential modifiable factors. However, the joint mediation effects of these two factors cognition remain unclear. This study assesses association PA cognition. We utilized cross-sectional data from 2011-2012 U.S. National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, including aged 60-79 assessed for function, PA, Lung included forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1), vital capacity (FVC), peak flow (PEF) FEV1/FVC. was using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, covering occupational (OPA), transportation-related (TPA), leisure-time (LTPA). Cognition evaluated Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Animal Fluency Delayed Recall Test Immediate Test. Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to analyze separate associations cognition, while also exploring potential between A total 927 participants, representing 35,525,782 residents, included, weighted median age 65 (IQR, 63 -71) years, 53.6 % female. The results showed positive FEV1, FVC, PEF all positively correlated, FEV1/FVC no notable link. Further analysis revealed best performance observed participants active LTPA highest quartile indicating Mediation indicated that mediated 24.1 (95 %CI: 6.3 - 47.0 %, P = 0.03) relationship 10.2 0.5 27.0 0.04) function. may have bidirectional relationship. combination better strongly associated higher highlighting need strengthen exercise focused on maintain older adults.

Language: Английский

Citations

0