Applying the core microbiome to understand host–microbe systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(7), P. 1549 - 1558

Published: April 5, 2020

Abstract The host‐associated core microbiome was originally coined to refer common groups of microbes or genes that were likely be particularly important for host biological function. However, the term has evolved encompass variable definitions across studies, often identifying key with respect their spatial distribution, temporal stability ecological influence, as well contribution function and fitness. A major barrier reaching a consensus over how define its relevance biological, evolutionary theory is lack precise terminology associated definitions, persistent association Common, microbiomes can together generate insights into processes act independently function, while functional host‐adapted cores distinguish between facultative near‐obligate symbionts differ in effects on This commentary summarizes five broad have been applied literature, highlighting strengths limitations advancing our understanding host–microbe systems, noting where they are overlap, discussing potential No one definition capture range population. Applied together, reveal different layers microbial organization from which we begin understand govern interactions.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiome and Colonic Motility in Chronic Constipation: Potential Mechanisms and Microbiota Modulation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 3704 - 3704

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between imbalances in gut microbiome constipation. However, mechanisms by which microbial metabolites affect movement remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on alteration microbiota patients with CC effectiveness of probiotics treating motility We highlight that explain how its metabolism are linked to intestinal microecological interventions may counteract these changes based enteric nervous system, central immune function, ability modify secretion hormonal milieu. particular, microbiota-based approaches modulate levels short-chain fatty acids tryptophan catabolites or target 5-hydroxytryptamine Toll-like receptor pathways hold therapeutic promise. Finally, existing limitations management suggest feasible directions for future research.

Language: Английский

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Captivity and Animal Microbiomes: Potential Roles of Microbiota for Influencing Animal Conservation

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(3), P. 820 - 838

Published: March 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function

Animal nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products structural components, which are derived through microbiota, generate signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, localized gut, allow metabolization steroid hormones stimulation enzymes. Reproductive such as progesterone, estrogen testosterone play pivotal role successful completion events. Disruption this mechanism may lead disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect metabolism, degrade their relevant compounds. This behavior safely be implemented eliminate steroidal compounds from polluted environment. In review, we summarize metabolism vice-versa, examined significant influence process various events Altogether, evidence suggests exert central modification host action impact efficiency animals humans.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Many parts of the animal body harbor microbial communities, known as animal-associated microbiomes, that affect regulation physiological functions. Studies in human and models have demonstrated reproductive biology such microbiomes also interact. However, this concept is poorly studied wild species little about implications to fertility, parental/offspring health, survival natural habitats. The objective review (1) specify interactions between animals' biology, including signaling, pregnancy, offspring development, their with an emphasis on (2) identify important research gaps well areas for further studies. While present tract play most direct role, other bodily may contribute facilitating reproduction. In fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, endogenous processes related host physiology behavior (visual olfactory signals, copulation) can both influence be influenced by structure function communities. addition, exposures maternal mammals (through vagina, skin, milk) shape which, turn, affects health later life. Importantly, all species, host-associated are environmental variations. There still limited literature animals compared large model humans. few studies clearly highlight necessity increased rare endangered optimize conservation efforts situ ex situ. Thus, link reproduction emerging critical component conservation.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of gut microbiome variation within and between groups of a wild Malagasy primate

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Various aspects of sociality can benefit individuals' health. The host social environment and its relative contributions to the host-microbiome relationship have emerged as key topics in microbial research. Yet, understanding mechanisms that lead structural variation microbiome, collective metacommunity an animal's network, remains difficult since multiple processes operate simultaneously within among animal networks. Here, we examined potential drivers convergence gut microbiome on scales seven neighbouring groups wild Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) - a folivorous primate Madagascar. Over four field seasons, collected 519 faecal samples 41 animals determined communities via 16S 18S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. First, whether group members share more similar microbiota if diet, home range overlap, or habitat similarity drive between-group communities, accounting for seasonality. Next, within-group by examining effects contact rates, male rank, maternal relatedness. To explore intrinsic community structure, investigated age, sex, glucocorticoid metabolites, female reproductive state. We found differ alpha diversity, while none environmental predictors explained patterns variation. Maternal relatedness played important role homogeneity may also explain why adult shared least microbiota. Also, dominant males differed their bacterial composition from mates, which might be driven rank-related differences physiology scent-marking behaviours. Links state, metabolites were not detected. Environmental factors define general set-up population-specific microbiota, but stronger impact this species. Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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Diversity-Stability Dynamics of the Amphibian Skin Microbiome and Susceptibility to a Lethal Viral Pathogen

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Variation among animals in their host-associated microbial communities is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of important life history traits including growth, metabolism, and resistance to disease. Quantitative estimates the factors shaping stability host microbiomes over time at individual level non-model organisms are scarce. Addressing this gap our knowledge important, variation individuals microbiome may represent temporal gain or loss species functions linked health and/or fitness. Here we use controlled experiments investigate how both heterogeneity richness environment exposure emerging pathogen Ranavirus influence structure dynamics skin vertebrate host, European common frog (Rana temporaria). Our evidence suggests that altering bacterial drives divergent amphibian skin. Exposure ranavirus effects changes irrespective total diversity, but with higher pre-exposure diversity appeared exhibit survival. Higher also appear less stable compared lower microbiomes, 100 most abundant ("core") community members was similar richness. study highlights importance extrinsic determining time, which turn have consequences for host-microbe interactions microbiome-fitness correlations.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre’s leaf monkeys

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 19, 2020

Abstract Studies in multiple host species have shown that gut microbial diversity and composition change during pregnancy lactation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these shifts are not well understood. Here, we use longitudinal data from wild Phayre’s leaf monkeys to test hypothesis fluctuations reproductive hormone concentrations contribute pregnancy. We described taxonomic of 91 fecal samples 15 females (n = 16 cycling, n 36 pregnant, 39 lactating) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing assessed whether resulting were better explained by overall stage or estrogen (fE) progesterone (fP) concentrations. Our results indicate while affected microbiome composition, observed patterns driven hormones. Females had lower fP negatively correlated with diversity. Additionally, predicted both unweighted weighted UniFrac distances, state only distances. Seasonality (rainfall periods phytoprogestin consumption) additionally influenced composition. hormones, specifically progestagens,

Language: Английский

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Microbial rescue effects: How microbiomes can save hosts from extinction

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(10), P. 2055 - 2064

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Abstract Rescue effects arise when ecological and evolutionary processes restore positive intrinsic growth rates in populations that are at risk of going extinct. have traditionally focused on the roles immigration, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow, adaptation. However, species interactions also critical for understanding how respond to environmental change. In particular, fitness plant animal hosts is strongly influenced by symbiotic associations with bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes viruses collectively make up a host's microbiome. While some pathogenic, many microorganisms confer nutritional, immunological, developmental benefits can protect against rapid Microbial rescue occurs changes microbiome abundance, composition, or activity influence host physiology behaviour ways improve fitness. If these microbial attributes their beneficial transmitted through population, it may stabilize reduce probability extinction. addition providing framework guide theoretical empirical efforts host‐microbiome research, principles be useful adaptively managing at‐risk species. We discuss risks rewards incorporating into conservation strategies such as probiotics, assisted migration, captive breeding. A free Plain Language Summary found within Supporting Information this article.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of endocrine systems by the microbiome: Perspectives from comparative animal models

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 113437 - 113437

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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