Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiome and Colonic Motility in Chronic Constipation: Potential Mechanisms and Microbiota Modulation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 3704 - 3704

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between imbalances in gut microbiome constipation. However, mechanisms by which microbial metabolites affect movement remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on alteration microbiota patients with CC effectiveness of probiotics treating motility We highlight that explain how its metabolism are linked to intestinal microecological interventions may counteract these changes based enteric nervous system, central immune function, ability modify secretion hormonal milieu. particular, microbiota-based approaches modulate levels short-chain fatty acids tryptophan catabolites or target 5-hydroxytryptamine Toll-like receptor pathways hold therapeutic promise. Finally, existing limitations management suggest feasible directions for future research.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function

Animal nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products structural components, which are derived through microbiota, generate signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, localized gut, allow metabolization steroid hormones stimulation enzymes. Reproductive such as progesterone, estrogen testosterone play pivotal role successful completion events. Disruption this mechanism may lead disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect metabolism, degrade their relevant compounds. This behavior safely be implemented eliminate steroidal compounds from polluted environment. In review, we summarize metabolism vice-versa, examined significant influence process various events Altogether, evidence suggests exert central modification host action impact efficiency animals humans.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Many parts of the animal body harbor microbial communities, known as animal-associated microbiomes, that affect regulation physiological functions. Studies in human and models have demonstrated reproductive biology such microbiomes also interact. However, this concept is poorly studied wild species little about implications to fertility, parental/offspring health, survival natural habitats. The objective review (1) specify interactions between animals' biology, including signaling, pregnancy, offspring development, their with an emphasis on (2) identify important research gaps well areas for further studies. While present tract play most direct role, other bodily may contribute facilitating reproduction. In fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, endogenous processes related host physiology behavior (visual olfactory signals, copulation) can both influence be influenced by structure function communities. addition, exposures maternal mammals (through vagina, skin, milk) shape which, turn, affects health later life. Importantly, all species, host-associated are environmental variations. There still limited literature animals compared large model humans. few studies clearly highlight necessity increased rare endangered optimize conservation efforts situ ex situ. Thus, link reproduction emerging critical component conservation.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome and Female Health

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1683 - 1683

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety. Given reported correlations between gut microbiome dysbiosis female is worthy exploration. Herein, we discuss composition microbiota its in pathologies affecting population. Using PubMed, performed a literature search, using key terms, namely: “gut microbiome”, “estrogen”, “menopause”, “polycystic ovarian syndrome”, “pregnancy”, “menstruation”. In polycystic syndrome (PCOS), abundance Bacteroides vulgatus, Firmicutes, Streptococcus, ratio Escherichia/Shigella was found increased while that Tenericutes ML615J-28, 124-7, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidetes S24-7 reduced. breast cancer, Clostridiales enhanced, cervical Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister were enhanced but Bacteroides, Alistipes, members Lachnospiracea, decreased. Prevotella increased. Interestingly, administration Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, reuteri, fermentum ameliorated PCOS symptoms mix lactis W51, bifidum W23, brevis W63, W52, salivarius W24, acidophilus W37, Lactococcus W19, casei W56, W58 alleviated vascular malfunction arterial stiffness obese postmenopausal women, finally, further research needed, maybe protective against bone mass loss. As several studies report therapeutic potential probiotics since certain pathological states has been relatively characterized, speculate bacterial species as warranted, novel independent or adjunct therapies for pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenetic variation shapes the gut microbiome in a natural vertebrate population

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 8, 2022

The gut microbiome (GM) can influence many biological processes in the host, impacting its health and survival, but GM also be influenced by host's traits. In vertebrates, Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes play a pivotal role combatting pathogens are thought to shape GM. Despite this-and documented importance of both MHC variation individual fitness-few studies have investigated association between wild.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of gut microbiome variation within and between groups of a wild Malagasy primate

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Various aspects of sociality can benefit individuals' health. The host social environment and its relative contributions to the host-microbiome relationship have emerged as key topics in microbial research. Yet, understanding mechanisms that lead structural variation microbiome, collective metacommunity an animal's network, remains difficult since multiple processes operate simultaneously within among animal networks. Here, we examined potential drivers convergence gut microbiome on scales seven neighbouring groups wild Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) - a folivorous primate Madagascar. Over four field seasons, collected 519 faecal samples 41 animals determined communities via 16S 18S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. First, whether group members share more similar microbiota if diet, home range overlap, or habitat similarity drive between-group communities, accounting for seasonality. Next, within-group by examining effects contact rates, male rank, maternal relatedness. To explore intrinsic community structure, investigated age, sex, glucocorticoid metabolites, female reproductive state. We found differ alpha diversity, while none environmental predictors explained patterns variation. Maternal relatedness played important role homogeneity may also explain why adult shared least microbiota. Also, dominant males differed their bacterial composition from mates, which might be driven rank-related differences physiology scent-marking behaviours. Links state, metabolites were not detected. Environmental factors define general set-up population-specific microbiota, but stronger impact this species. Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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New Ideas for the Prevention and Treatment of Preeclampsia and Their Molecular Inspirations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 12100 - 12100

Published: July 28, 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder affecting 4–10% of all expectant women. It greatly increases the risk maternal and foetal death. Although main symptoms generally appear after week 20 gestation, scientific studies indicate that mechanism underpinning PE initiated at beginning gestation. known pathomechanism preeclampsia strongly related to inflammation oxidative stress, which influence placentation provoke endothelial dysfunction in mother. However, as yet, no “key players” regulating these processes have been discovered. This might be why current therapeutic strategies intended for prevention or treatment are not fully effective, only effective method stop disease premature induction delivery, mostly by caesarean section. Therefore, there need further research into new pharmacological preeclampsia. review presents preventive methods therapies yet recommended obstetrical gynaecological societies. As many preclinical under evaluation clinical trials, this paper reports molecular targets tested agents methods.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre’s leaf monkeys

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 19, 2020

Abstract Studies in multiple host species have shown that gut microbial diversity and composition change during pregnancy lactation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these shifts are not well understood. Here, we use longitudinal data from wild Phayre’s leaf monkeys to test hypothesis fluctuations reproductive hormone concentrations contribute pregnancy. We described taxonomic of 91 fecal samples 15 females (n = 16 cycling, n 36 pregnant, 39 lactating) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing assessed whether resulting were better explained by overall stage or estrogen (fE) progesterone (fP) concentrations. Our results indicate while affected microbiome composition, observed patterns driven hormones. Females had lower fP negatively correlated with diversity. Additionally, predicted both unweighted weighted UniFrac distances, state only distances. Seasonality (rainfall periods phytoprogestin consumption) additionally influenced composition. hormones, specifically progestagens,

Language: Английский

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Glucocorticoids coordinate changes in gut microbiome composition in wild North American red squirrels

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

The gut microbiome impacts host health and fitness, in part through the diversification of metabolic function pathogen protection. Elevations glucocorticoids (GCs) appear to reduce diversity experimental studies, suggesting that a loss microbial may be negative consequence increased GCs. However, given ecological factors like food availability population density independently influence both GCs diversity, understanding how these structure GC-microbiome relationship is crucial interpreting its significance wild populations. Here, we used an framework investigate between North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). As expected, higher predicted lower increase taxa. Surprisingly, but line with prior empirical studies on animals, gastrointestinal pathogens decreased as increased. Both dietary heterogeneity upcoming pulse exhibited direct effects whereas conspecific reproductive activity impacted indirectly via changes Our results provide evidence gut-brain axis highlight importance situating GC-gut within framework.

Language: Английский

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Seminal and vagino-uterine microbiome and their individual and interactive effects on cattle fertility

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Reproductive failure is a major economical drain on cow-calf operations across the globe. It can occur in both males and females stem from prenatal postnatal influences. Therefore, cattle industry has been making efforts to improve fertility pregnancy rate herds as an attempt maintain sustainability profitability of production. Despite advancements made genetic selection, nutrition, implementation various reproductive technologies, rates have not significantly improved past 50 years. This signifies missing factor or factors current management practices that influence successful fertilization pregnancy. Emerging lines evidence derived human other animals including suggest microbial continuum along male female tracts are associated with fertility—that is, fertilization, implantation, success—highlighting potential for harnessing microbiome cattle. The objective this narrative review provide overview recent studies bovine seminal vagino-uterine discuss individual interactive roles these communities defining fertility.

Language: Английский

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