Scientists' warning of threats to mountains

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 853, P. 158611 - 158611

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 104690 - 104690

Published: March 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Expression and function of toll-like receptor 2 in vertebrate

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 152028 - 152028

Published: April 1, 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses bacteria. Since TLR2 is the only TLR capable creating functional heterodimers with more than two other types, it very important vertebrate immunity. not broadens PAMPs that can recognize but has also potential to diversify subsequent signaling cascades. ubiquitous, which consistent wide tasks functions serves. Immune cells, endothelial epithelial cells have all been found express TLR2. This review aims gather currently available information about preservation this intriguing immunological molecule in phylum vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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Habitat split as a driver of disease in amphibians

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(3), P. 727 - 746

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is fundamentally altering patterns of disease transmission and immunity across the vertebrate tree life. Most studies linking anthropogenic change focus on loss fragmentation, but these processes often lead to a third process that equally important: split. Defined as spatial separation between multiple classes natural many species require complete their life cycles, split has been linked population declines in vertebrates, e.g. amphibians breeding lowland aquatic habitats overwintering fragments upland terrestrial vegetation. Here, we link enhanced risk (i) by reviewing biotic abiotic forces shaping elements (ii) through spatially oriented field study focused tropical frogs. We propose framework investigate mechanisms which influences amphibians, focusing three broad host factors immunity: composition symbiotic microbial communities, immunogenetic variation, (iii) stress hormone levels. Our review highlights potential for contribute host-associated microbiome dysbiosis, reductions repertoire, chronic stress, facilitate pathogenic infections other vertebrates. highlight targeted habitat-restoration strategies aiming connect (e.g. terrestrial-freshwater, terrestrial-marine, marine-freshwater) could enhance priming immune system repeated low-load exposure enzootic pathogens reduced stress-induced immunosuppression.

Language: Английский

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From the organismal to biosphere levels: environmental impacts on the amphibian microbiota

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract This review summarizes the role of environmental factors on amphibian microbiotas at organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. At organismal-level, tissue source, disease status, experimental manipulations were strongest predictors variation in microbiotas. population-level, habitat quality, ancestry commonly documented as drivers microbiota turnover. community-level, studies focused how species’ niche influence structure function. ecosystem-level, abiotic biotic reservoirs important contributors to structure. biosphere-level, databases, sample banks, seminatural experiments used describe assembly mechanisms among temperate tropical amphibians. Collectively, our demonstrates that can through diverse all biological scales. Importantly, while occurring each different scales interact shape microbiotas, past 10 years research have mostly been characterized by targeted approaches individual Looking forward, efforts considering multiple organizational levels diversity function are paramount. Generating opportunities for meaningful cross-disciplinary interactions supporting infrastructure spans imperative addressing this gap.

Language: Английский

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Composition and function of the skin microbiota were altered of red leg syndrome in cultured bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Aquaculture Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 101487 - 101487

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Skin microbiota play an important role in skin barrier function and are associated with host health. The study of the is beneficial for managing disease microbiota. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) cultured animal. Bacterial diseases like red leg syndrome (RLS) often occur bullfrog cause huge economic losses around world. However, appearance RLS unknown. Here we compare healthy by 16 S rRNA microbiome profiles. bacterial community diversity was significantly different between group. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes were most abundant phyla skin. Compared bullfrogs, bullfrogs had high abundance Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Flavobacterium Streptococcus microbiota, but relative Cetobacterium, Bacteroides Shewanella overrepresented bullfrog. Tax4Fun prediction showed that genes Nucleotide metabolism, Translation, Glycan biosynthesis metabolism exhibited higher bullfrogs. results suggested changed composition predictive This first to report on relationship bullfrog, which can expand our understanding communities farming from perspective microbial ecology help prevent manage farming.

Language: Английский

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Gene functions of the Ambystoma altamirani skin microbiome vary across space and time but potential antifungal genes are widespread and prevalent

Microbial Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Amphibian skin microbiomes can play a critical role in host survival against emerging diseases by protecting their pathogens. While plethora of biotic and abiotic factors have been shown to influence the taxonomic diversity amphibian it remains unclear whether functional genomic varies response temporal environmental factors. Here we applied metagenomic approach evaluate seasonality, distinct elevations/sites, pathogen presence influenced A. altamirani microbiome. We obtained gene catalogue 92 107 nonredundant annotated genes set 50 unique metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Our analysis showed that linked general potential antifungal traits significantly differed across seasons sampling locations at different elevations. Moreover, found microbiome between B . dendrobatidis infected not axolotls only during winter, suggesting an interaction seasonality infection. In addition, identified biosynthetic clusters (BGCs) functions such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, chitin degradation. Interestingly these were mainly Burkholderiales Chitinophagales MAGs. Overall, our results regardless variation seasons, presence. findings suggest taxa could be related capacity survive Bd, although further experimental analyses are required test this hypothesis.

Language: Английский

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Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

The bacterial communities of the amphibian skin (i.e., bacteriome) are critical to host's innate immune system. However, it is unclear how different drivers can alter this function by modulating bacteriome's structure. Our aim was assess extent which host attributes and extrinsic factors influence structure skin. Skin diversity examined in 148 individuals four-eyed frog (

Language: Английский

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Delayed feeding disrupts diurnal oscillations in the gut microbiome of a neotropical bat in captivity

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Diurnal rhythms of the gut microbiota are emerging as an important yet often overlooked facet microbial ecology. Feeding is thought to stimulate rhythmicity, but this has not been explicitly tested. Moreover, role environment entirely unexplored, with rhythmic changes pH rather than feeding per se possibly affecting fluctuations. In study, we experimentally manipulated schedule captive lesser long-nosed bats, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, dissociate photic and cues, measured fecal every two hours. We detected strong diurnal in both alpha- beta diversity well within control group. However, a delay disrupted oscillations composition, did affect pH. The some genera, such Streptococcus, which aid metabolizing nutrients, shifted accordance delayed cue were correlated For other bacterial disturbed no connection was found. Our findings suggest that proliferation bacteria matches peak times, providing evidence likely evolved optimize their metabolic support host's circadian phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome and climate: skin microbial diversity and community functions of Polypedates megacephalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) associated with bioclimate

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

The microbiome inhabiting animal skin plays a crucial role in host fitness by influencing both the composition and function of microbial communities. Environmental factors, including climate, significantly impact diversity functional attributes these However, it remains unclear how specific climatic factors affect amphibian composition, community function, relationship between two aspects. Understanding effects is particularly important because amphibians are poikilotherms and, thus, more susceptible to temperature fluctuations. Here, we investigated rhacophorid tree frog Polypedates megacephalus across different regimes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Skin swab samples were collected from nine populations P. adults Guangxi region, China. majority core microbiota found belong genus Pseudomonas. Our findings indicate that diversity, associated with changes conditions. Specifically, taxonomic increased response higher climate variability, Additionally, traits communities changed parallel shifts composition. significant correlations redundancy index suggest environmental filtering driven change impacts stability. These results highlight critical influence on microbiomes offer new insights into contribute adaptation varying conditions.IMPORTANCEThis study understanding association amphibians, which vulnerable due their poikilothermic nature. Amphibians rely for key functions like disease resistance, yet little known about fluctuations By analyzing regimes, our analysis reveals warmer climates could reduce redundancy, indicating stability be hosts adapted relatively cooler potential ecological consequences emphasize need integrate health conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

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