Dietary regulation in health and disease

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 23, 2022

Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan delaying ageing various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate human. It emerges develop precision-nutrition therapeutics slow age-related biological processes treat diverse diseases. However, nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals well organs tissues, which brings challenges this field. In review, we summarize different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed improvement disease treatment pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, metabolism pathways, epigenetic circadian clocks. Comparably, describe diet-responsive effectors by influence endocrinic, immunological, microbial neural states responsible improving health preventing multiple diseases humans. Furthermore, expatiate patterns dietotheroapies, fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic high-fibre plants-based protein restriction diet with specific reduction amino acids microelements, potentially affecting morbid states. Altogether, emphasize profound nutritional therapy, highlight crosstalk explored critical factors individualized therapeutic approaches predictors.

Language: Английский

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Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 31, 2023

The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls precision required to quantitatively evaluate contributions microbiome. Using Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed deliver more substrates colon therefore modulate microbiome, we quantified microbial host balance controlled feeding study with randomized crossover design young, healthy, weight stable males females (NCT02939703). In metabolic ward where environment was strictly controlled, measured intake, expenditure, output (fecal urinary). primary endpoint within-participant difference metabolizable between experimental conditions [Control, Western (WD) vs. MBD]. secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, food intake. Here show that, compared WD, MBD leads an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost feces daily thus, lower for (89.5 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on 95.4 0.21%; 94.1-97.0% WD; P without changes hunger/satiety or intake > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate biomass) increases 0.0001), beta-diversity (whole genome shotgun sequencing; = 0.02), fermentation products increase 0.01) WD along significant system 0.0001). substantial interindividual variability explained part by fecal SCFAs biomass. Our results reveal complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates

Language: Английский

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Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 106841 - 106841

Published: June 28, 2023

Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates hypoxia is involved in the regulation senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions regulates by modulating levels markers p16, p53, lamin B1, cyclin D1. Hypoxia a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which promoted driving expression genetic factors (such as p53 CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under conditions, autophagy activated targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 well p16Ink4a increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing Deletion p21 gene activity response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) level nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, alleviates Moreover, associated with intestinal dysbiosis an accumulation D-galactose derived from gut microbiota. Chronic leads striking reduction amount Lactobacillus D-galactose-degrading enzymes gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles miR-424-5p are decreased hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 increased, both induce present review focuses on recent advances understanding role effects HIFs, PARP-1, microbiota, exosomal mRNA hypoxia-mediated cell specifically discussed. This our provides new clues anti-aging processes treatment aging-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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The influence of the gut microbiome on ovarian aging

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Ovarian aging occurs prior to the of other organ systems and acts as pacemaker process multiple organs. As life expectancy has increased, preventing ovarian become an essential goal for promoting extended reproductive function improving bone genitourinary conditions related in women. An improved understanding may ultimately provide tools prediction mitigation this process. Recent studies have suggested a connection between gut microbiota, alterations composition functional profile microbiota profound consequences on function. The interaction ovaries is bidirectional. In review, we examine current knowledge ovary-gut crosstalk further discuss potential role anti-aging interventions. Microbiota-based manipulation appealing approach that offer new therapeutic strategies delay or reverse aging.

Language: Английский

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Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases prolonging healthy life expectancies are particular importance. Gut microbiota emerged as novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes gut during aging, characteristics centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving or intervene pathological through microbiota-directed strategies. This review aims summarize associated with explore potential biomarkers address microbiota-associated mechanisms focusing intestinal barrier immune status. By summarizing existing effective dietary strategies interventions, probability developing diet targeting future is provided. focused three key notions: Firstly, new for regulating status lifespan, its closely related age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated features at levels genus/species important metabolites comparing differences among elderly people younger people. Secondly, exploring discussing using regime/components targeted aging-related promote human lifespan. Thirdly, intervention effectively improve imbalance such probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, but their effects vary among.

Language: Английский

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Diet-induced gut dysbiosis and inflammation: Key drivers of obesity-driven NASH

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 105905 - 105905

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Sucrose, the primary circulating sugar in plants, contains equal amounts of fructose and glucose. The latter is predominant animals thus fuel source for various tissue cell types body. Chronic excessive energy intake has, however, emerged as a major driver obesity associated pathologies including nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) more severe steatohepatitis (NASH). Consumption high-caloric, western-style diet induces gut dysbiosis inflammation resulting leaky gut. Translocation gut-derived bacterial content promotes hepatic ER stress, when either or both these are combined with steatosis, it can cause NASH. Here, we review metabolic links between diet-induced changes Furthermore, therapeutic interventions treatment also discussed focus on restoring gut-liver axis.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Effects on Gut Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 405 - 405

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed when reducing sugars heated with proteins, amino acids, or lipids at high temperatures for prolonged period. The presence and accumulation AGEs in numerous cell types tissues known to be prevalent the pathology many diseases. Modern diets, which contain proportion processed foods therefore level AGE, cause deleterious effects leading multitude unregulated intracellular extracellular signalling inflammatory pathways. Currently, studies focus on investigating chemical structural aspects how they affect metabolism cardiovascular renal systems. Studies have also shown that digestive system. However, there is no complete picture implication this area. gastrointestinal tract not only first principal site digestion absorption dietary but one most susceptible organs AGEs, may exert local systemic effects. In review, we summarise current evidence association between high-AGE diet poor health outcomes, special relationship alterations structure, modifications enteric neurons, microbiota reshaping.

Language: Английский

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Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents simple but attractive strategy the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as dietary intervention combating has been extensively studied. practiced millennia, only recently have its roles in molecular clock, gut microbiome, tissue homeostasis function emerged. can slow aging most species protect against These centuried unfading adventures explorations suggest that fasting potential to delay help prevent treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic interventions. In this review, recent animal studies concerning role underlying mechanism physiology pathology are summarized, therapeutic highlighted, combination pharmacological discussed new regimen diseases.

Language: Английский

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Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed rapid development of field dietary patterns cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy with emphasis on food‐based recommendations are gold standard extending lifespan reducing risks CMD mortality. Healthy include various permutations energy restriction, macronutrients, food intake such as calorie intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant‐based diets, etc. Early implementation in patients is encouraged, but an understanding mechanisms by which these trigger benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several may improve health, including restrictive patterns, regional diets based controlled macronutrients groups, summarizing cutting‐edge evidence potential treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences responses composition changes organ tissue diversity, we highlighted critical role gut microbiota crosstalk between diet recommend a more precise dynamic strategy developing profiles.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal colonization resistance in the context of environmental, host, and microbial determinants

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 820 - 836

Published: June 1, 2024

Microbial communities that colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract defend against pathogens through a mechanism known as colonization resistance (CR). Advances in technologies such next-generation sequencing, gnotobiotic mouse models, and bacterial cultivation have enhanced our understanding of underlying mechanisms intricate microbial interactions involved CR. Rather than being attributed to specific clades, CR is now understood arise from dynamic interplay between microbes host shaped by metabolic, immune, environmental factors. This evolving perspective underscores significance contextual factors, encompassing microbiome composition conditions, determining review highlights recent research has shifted its focus toward elucidating how these factors interact either promote or impede enteric infections. It further discusses future directions unravel complex relationship host, microbiota, determinants safeguarding GI infections health.

Language: Английский

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