Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 335, P. 115866 - 115866

Published: March 20, 2024

The ketogenic diet (KD, also known as metabolic therapy) has been successful in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and epilepsy. More recently, this shown promise psychiatric illness. We conducted a 4–month pilot study to investigate effects KD on individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder existing abnormalities. Twenty–three participants were enrolled single–arm trial. Results showcased improvements health, no meeting syndrome criteria by conclusion. Adherent experienced significant reduction weight (12%), BMI waist circumference (13%), visceral adipose tissue (36%). Observed biomarker enhancements population include 27% decrease HOMA–IR, 25% drop triglyceride levels. In measurements, showed 32% Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. Overall Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity improved an average 31%, proportion that started elevated symptomatology at least 1–point CGI (79%). outcomes across cohort encompassed increased life satisfaction (17%) enhanced sleep quality (19%). This trial underscores potential advantages adjunctive dietary grappling serious mental

Language: Английский

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Complete remission of depression and anxiety using a ketogenic diet: case series

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 14, 2024

Background There is little data that describe the use of ketogenic metabolic therapy to achieve full remission major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in clinical practice. We present a retrospective case series three adults with complex comorbidity, treated personalized therapy, who achieved complete improvements flourishing, self-compassion, health. Methods Three adults, ages 32–36, depression, anxiety, other disorders, comorbid psychiatric conditions were for 12–16 weeks whole food animal-based (1.5:1 ratio) specialized psychiatry Interventions included twice-weekly visits an experienced registered dietitian; daily photo journaling capillary blood BHB/glucose/GKI monitoring; virtual groups; family/friends support; nature walks talks several times per week, community building. Successful adoption diet was defined as achievement maintenance BHB ≥ 0.8 mmol/L GKI < 6. Remission assessed by GAD-7 PHQ-9, quality life subjectively validated scales flourishing self-compassion. Metabolic health laboratories/biometric measures. Results Two patients (PHQ-9 ≤ 4) (GAD-7 within 7 therapeutic nutritional ketosis; one required 12 weeks. Anxiety responded remitted more quickly than depression. Flourishing self-compassion increased steadily. Patients lost 10.9 14.8% their initial body weight improved metabolically; optimal Conclusion Complete occurred 7–12 ketosis during treatment (ratio 1.5:1) engaged program.

Language: Английский

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The effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on mental health and metabolic outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Background Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar affective disorder are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by a chronic pattern of emotional, behavioral, cognitive disturbances. Shared psychopathology includes the pre-eminence altered states, disorders thoughts, behavioral control. Additionally, those share epidemiological traits, including significant cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, respiratory co-morbidities, resulting in reduced life expectancy up to 25 years. Nutritional ketosis has been successfully used treat range neurological preclinical data have convincingly shown potential for its use animal models psychotic disorders. More recent from open clinical trials pointed toward dramatic reduction psychotic, affective, metabolic symptoms both schizophrenia disorder. Objectives investigate effects nutritional via modified ketogenic diet (MKD) over 14 weeks stable community patients with or schizophrenia. Design A randomized placebo-controlled trial 100 non-hospitalized adult participants diagnosis who capable consenting willing change their diets. Intervention Dietitian-led medically supervised compared following Australian Guide Healthy Eating weeks. Outcomes The primary outcomes include measures, reported as symptom improvement functional changes Positive Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating (YMS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), WHO Disability Schedule, Affect Lability Cambridge Cognitive Battery. secondary body weight, blood pressure, liver kidney function tests, lipid profiles, markers insulin resistance. Ketone glucose levels will be study correlation between outcomes. Optional hair cortisol analysis assess long-term stress variations fecal microbiome composition. Autonomic nervous system activity measured wearable devices (OURA ring EMBRACE wristband) form skin conductance, oximetry, continuous pulse monitoring, rate, movement tracking, sleep quality. Based on encouraging results established research, other neurodevelopment disorders, schizophrenia, we predict that therapy well tolerated result improved global measures social functioning. We additionally may exist level achieved cognitive, intervention group.

Language: Английский

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Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: a process evaluation

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness, which requires new strategies for prevention and management. Recent evidence suggests that ketogenic diet may be an effective intervention. This research aimed to explore the feasibility acceptability of intervention bipolar disorder, fidelity its behavioural components experiences participants clinicians involved. Methods A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted. Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with 15 1–2 months after completing 6–8 week modified intervention, 4 from study team following completion data collection. Data thematically analysed. Fidelity checklists completed by dietitians analysed using descriptive count percentage statistics. Findings are reported post-hoc, analysis publication main pilot findings. Reporting guided COREQ checklist. Results Five themes identified in qualitative data: (1) ‘ Encouraging entry supporting exit’ (e.g. recognising managing participants’ varied motives expectations, including around weight loss symptom alleviation); (2) Challenging but potentially transformational ,’ reflects while it can difficult initiate maintain day-to-day, many perceived physical psychological benefits significant loss, mood stability enhanced ability focus); (3) ‘Intervention facilitators range goal setting), social family dietitians) technological apps monitoring) support mechanisms; (4) barriers’ dietary preferences, concerns about impact, testing burden capacity delivery team); (5) ‘The wider context’ cost living sociocultural expectations) crucial factor explaining differential experiences. Overall, analyses indicated moderate-to-good behaviour change study. Conclusion We provide novel insight into people initiating diet, as well those who Future trials benefit increased clinical capacity, better-defined exit routes, additional interpersonal support, greater understanding how societal factors impact participation. Trial registration Study number: ISRCTN61613198 (02/03/22).

Language: Английский

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A pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Background Preliminary evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet may be effective for bipolar disorder. Aims To assess the impact of in disorder on clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy outcomes. Method Euthymic individuals with ( N = 27) were recruited to 6- 8-week single-arm open pilot study modified diet. Clinical, MRS measures assessed before after intervention. Results Of 27 participants, 26 began 20 completed For participants completing intervention, mean body weight fell by 4.2 kg P < 0.001), mass index 1.5 kg/m 2 0.001) systolic blood pressure 7.4 mmHg 0.041). The euthymic had average baseline follow-up assessments consistent them being range no statistically significant changes Affective Lability Scale-18, Beck Depression Inventory Young Mania Rating Scale. In providing reliable daily ecological momentary assessment data n 14), there was positive correlation between ketone levels self-rated mood r 0.21, energy 0.19 an inverse both impulsivity −0.30, anxiety −0.19, 0.001). From measurements, brain glutamate plus glutamine concentration decreased 11.6% anterior cingulate cortex 0.025) 13.6% posterior <0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest clinically useful disorder, mental health Replication randomised controlled trials are now warranted.

Language: Английский

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Plaque Begets Plaque, ApoB Does Not

JACC Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101686 - 101686

Published: April 1, 2025

Changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among people following a ketogenic diet (KD) are heterogeneous. Prior work has identified an inverse association between body mass index and change LDL-C. However, the cardiovascular disease risk implications of these lipid changes remain unknown. The aim study was to examine plaque progression its predicting factors. One hundred individuals exhibiting KD-induced LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, high-density ≥60 triglycerides ≤80 mg/dL were followed for 1 year using coronary artery calcium computed tomography angiography. Plaque predictors assessed with linear regression Bayes Diet adherence baseline sensitivity analyses performed. High apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (median 178 Q1-Q3: 149-214 mg/dL) 237 202-308 low total score (TPS) 0, 0-2.25) observed at baseline. Neither ApoB 3 -17 35), ApoB, nor exposure 1,302 days, 984-1,754 days) associated noncalcified volume (NCPV) or TPS. Bayesian inference calculations 6 10 times more supportive null hypothesis (no progression) than alternative hypothesis. All metrics (coronary calcium, NCPV, score, percent atheroma volume) strongly NCPV. In lean metabolically healthy on KD, neither levels plaque. Conversely, progression, supporting notion that, this population, begets but does not. (Diet-induced Elevations Progression Atherosclerosis [Keto-CTA]; NCT05733325).

Language: Английский

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Sleep, mood disorders, and the ketogenic diet: potential therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are serious psychiatric conditions that cause a significant reduction in quality of life shortened expectancy. Treatments including medications psychosocial support exist, but many people with these disorders still struggle to participate society some resistant current therapies. Although the exact pathophysiology bipolar remains unclear, increasing evidence supports role oxidative stress redox dysregulation as underlying mechanisms. Oxidative is an imbalance between production reactive oxygen species generated by metabolic processes antioxidant systems can damage lipids, proteins, DNA. Sleep critical regulator homeostasis stress. Disruption sleep circadian rhythms contribute onset progression often coexist disorders. Furthermore, deprivation has been associated increased worsening mood symptoms. Dysfunctional brain metabolism be improved fatty acid derived ketones readily uses both glucose fuel. Ketones have helpful neurological epilepsy Alzheimer's disease. Recent clinical trials using ketogenic diet suggest positive improvement symptoms for well. The from thought linked, part, restoration mitochondrial function. These findings encourage further randomized controlled trials, well biochemical mechanistic investigation into This narrative review seeks clarify intricate relationship metabolism, sleep, will delve initial promising effects on stability, examining human animal models schizophrenia. article concludes summary state affairs encouragement future research focused

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Serious Mental Illness: Current Evidence, Safety, and Practical Advice

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2819 - 2819

Published: May 10, 2024

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate that mimics the physiological state of fasting. potential therapeutic effects in many chronic conditions have led to gaining popularity KD. KD has been demonstrated alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, modulate gut microbiota community, improve metabolic health markers. modification these factors target serious mental illness (SMI): bipolar disorder, major depressive schizophrenia. number clinical trials assessing effect on SMI still limited. Preliminary research, predominantly case studies, suggests effects, including weight gain reduction, improved carbohydrate lipid metabolism, decrease disease-related symptoms, increased energy quality life, and, some cases, changes pharmacotherapy (reduction or dosage medication). However, findings necessitate further investigation through larger-scale trials. Initiation should occur hospital setting with strict care physician dietitian due side possibility exacerbating adverse pharmacotherapy. An increasing ongoing studies examining KD's disorders highlights its role adjunctive treatment SMI.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in the Prevention and Co-Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder: From the Basic Research to the Clinical Practice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1546 - 1546

Published: May 21, 2024

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) has been highly developed in the past for treatment of epileptic pathological states children and adults. Recently, current re-emergence its popularity mainly focuses on therapy cardiometabolic diseases. KD can also have anti-inflammatory neuroprotective activities which may be applied to prevention and/or co-treatment a diverse range psychiatric disorders. Purpose: This is comprehensive literature review that intends critically collect scrutinize pre-existing research basis clinical data potential advantageous impacts stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia bipolar disorder. Methods: was performed thoroughly represent existing this topic, as well find gaps international scientific community. In aspect, we carefully investigated ultimate web databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, derive currently available animal human surveys by using efficient representative keywords. Results: Just recent years, an increasing amount focused investigating possible schizophrenia, Pre-existing basic with studies consistently demonstrated promising results KD, showing propensity ameliorate symptoms However, translation these findings settings presents more complex issue. majority seem moderate, usually not controlled, assessed short-term effects KD. addition, some appear characterized enormous dropout rates significant absence compliance measurement, elevated heterogeneity their methodological design. Conclusions: Although evidence seems promising, it recommended accomplish larger, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled trials prospective design, order conclusive whether could act preventative factor or even agent against Basic examine molecular mechanisms above

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic Diet: A Review of Composition Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a special high‐fat, very low‐carbohydrate with the amount of protein adjusted to one’s requirements. By lowering supply carbohydrates, this induces considerable change in metabolism (of and fat) increases production ketone bodies. purpose article review diversity composition, mechanism action, clinical application risk associated KD. In last decade, more results diet’s effects on obesity, diabetes neurological disorders, among other examples have appeared. beneficial KD diseases are related reconstruction myelin sheaths neurons, reduction neuron inflammation, decreased reactive oxygen species, support dopamine production, repair damaged mitochondria formation new ones. Minimizing intake carbohydrates reduced absorption simple sugars, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels fluctuations glycaemia diabetes. Studies obesity indicate an advantage over diets terms weight loss. This may be due upregulation biological activity appetite‐controlling hormones, or lipogenesis, intensified lipolysis increased metabolic costs gluconeogenesis. However, it important aware side These include disorders digestive system as well headaches, irritability, fatigue, occurrence vitamin mineral deficiencies worsened lipid profile. Further studies aimed determine long‐term required.

Language: Английский

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