Ocean acidification does not overlook sex: Review of understudied effects and implications of low pH on marine invertebrate sexual reproduction

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process essential for species persistence, evolution, and diversity. However, unprecedented oceanographic shifts due to climate change can impact physiological processes, with important implications sexual reproduction. Identifying bottlenecks vulnerable stages in reproductive cycles will enable better prediction of the organism, population, community, global-level consequences ocean change. This article reviews how acidification impacts processes marine invertebrates highlights current research gaps. We focus on five economically ecologically taxonomic groups: cnidarians, crustaceans, echinoderms, molluscs ascidians. discuss spatial temporal variability experimental designs, identify trends performance acidified conditions context early traits (gametogenesis, fertilization, resource allocation), provide quantitative meta-analysis published literature assess effects low pH fertilization rates across taxa. A total 129 studies investigated 122 selected The dependent taxa, specific examined, study location. Our reveals that rate decreases as decreases, but are taxa-specific. Echinoderm appears more sensitive than changes, while data limited, cnidarians may be most sensitive. Studies echinoderms bivalve prevalent, crustaceans cephalopods among least studied even though they constitute some largest fisheries worldwide. lack information has commercial aquaculture, wild fisheries, conservation restoration populations. recommend expose organisms different levels during entire gametogenic cycle, not only final before gametes or larvae released. argue increased associated molecular mechanisms chemistry. recommendations future allow understanding affected rapidly changing environment.

Language: Английский

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Interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism in the musselMytilus edulis

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Seawater acidification and warming resulting from anthropogenic production of carbon dioxide are increasing threats to marine ecosystems. Previous studies have documented the effects either seawater or on calcifiers; however, combined these stressors poorly understood. In our study, we examined interactive elevated partial pressure (pCO2) temperature biomineralization amino acid contents in an ecologically economically important mussel, Mytilus edulis. The adult M. edulis were reared at different combinations pCO2 (pH 8.1 pH 7.8) (19°C, 22°C, 25°C) for 2 months. results indicated that significantly decreased net calcification rate, calcium content Ca/Mg ratio shells, induced differential expression biomineralization-related genes, modified shell ultrastructure altered contents, implying significant metabolism. Notably, enhanced parameters. breaking force under pCO2, but effect was not exacerbated by temperature. suggest mussels likely ecological functional implications. This study is therefore helpful better understand underlying changing environments other calcifiers.

Language: Английский

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The impact of CO 2 -driven ocean acidification on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 112(1-2), P. 291 - 302

Published: Aug. 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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Reproductive plasticity of Hawaiian Montipora corals following thermal stress

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 9, 2021

Ocean warming, fueled by climate change, is the primary cause of coral bleaching events which are predicted to increase in frequency. Bleaching generally damaging reproduction, can be exacerbated concomitant stressors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and have lasting impacts successful reproduction potential adaptation. We compared morphological physiological reproductive metrics (e.g., sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane integrity, egg volume, gametes per bundle, fertilization settlement success) two Hawaiian Montipora corals after consecutive 2014 2015. Between species, motility had most disparate results. Percent M. capitata, declined ~ 40% during from a normal range 70-90%, was still less than 50% motile 2017 2018 not fully recovered 2019 (63% motile). By contrast, percent spp. 86% 74% 2019, respectively. This reduction correlated with damage mitochondria capitata but A major difference between these species foundation their UVR protection, we hypothesize that protective mechanisms inherent mitigate this damage.

Language: Английский

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Immigrant reproductive dysfunction facilitates ecological speciation

Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 71(10), P. 2510 - 2521

Published: Aug. 9, 2017

The distributions of species are not only determined by where they can survive - must also be able to reproduce. Although immigrant inviability is a well-established concept, the fact that immigrants need effectively reproduce in foreign environments has been fully appreciated study adaptive divergence and speciation. Fertilization reproduction sensitive life-history stages could detrimentally affected for non-native habitats. We propose "immigrant reproductive dysfunction" hitherto overlooked aspect isolation caused natural selection on immigrants. This idea supported results from experiments an externally fertilizing fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus). Growth condition adults were salinity whereas males spawning as had lower sperm motility hatching success than residents. interpret these evidence local adaptation or acclimation sperm, possibly components paternal care. resulting loss fitness, which we call dysfunction," potential reduce gene flow between populations with locally adapted reproduction, it may play role

Language: Английский

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Effects of Salinity and pH of Seawater on the Reproduction of the Sea UrchinParacentrotus lividus

Biological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 239(1), P. 13 - 23

Published: Aug. 1, 2020

Fertilization and early development are usually the most vulnerable stages in life of marine animals, biological processes during this period highly sensitive to environment. In nature, sea urchin gametes shed seawater, where they undergo external fertilization embryonic development. a laboratory, it is possible follow exact morphological biochemical changes taking place fertilized eggs developing embryos. Thus, observation successful subsequent can be used as convenient biosensor assess quality paper, we have examined how salinity pH affect normal process following Paracentrotus lividus. The results our studies using confocal microscopy, scanning transmission electron time-lapse Ca2+ image recording indicated that both dilution acidification seawater subtle but detrimental effects on many aspects process. They include signaling coordinated actin cytoskeletal changes, leading significantly reduced rate and, eventually, abnormal or delayed

Language: Английский

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Effects of reduced pH and elevated pCO₂ on sperm motility and fertilisation success in blood clam, Tegillarca granosa

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 51(4), P. 543 - 554

Published: March 1, 2017

Although it has been shown that ocean acidification generally a negative impact on fertilisation success of broadcast spawning marine organisms, whether induced reduction is consequence elevated pCO2 or decreased pH remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts HCl- and CO2-induced acidified seawater sperm motility gametes capability bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa were investigated in present study. The results showed both was significantly reduced either CO2-acidified seawater. In addition, significant observed group exposed to seawater, suggesting this parameter sensitive instead solely value. differences between two manipulating methods may be due intrinsic difference diffusion CO2 protons.

Language: Английский

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Physical and physiological impacts of ocean warming alter phenotypic selection on sperm morphology

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 646 - 657

Published: Nov. 8, 2019

Abstract Global warming may threaten fertility, which is a key component of individual fitness and vital for population persistence. For males, fertility relies on the ability sperm to collide fuse with eggs; consequently, morphology predicted be prime target selection owing its effects male function. In aquatic environments, will expose gametes external fertilizers physiological higher temperature physical lower viscosity. However, consequences either effect acting traits maintain are poorly understood. Here, we test how independent changes in water viscosity alter an externally fertilizing marine tubeworm. To create five fertilization manipulate reflect current‐day conditions (16.5°C), projected near‐term (21°C) long‐term (25°C), then adjust two more environments at 21°C 25°C 16.5°C 21°C, respectively. We use split‐ejaculate design measure focal their sperm, each environment. Projected act independently reduce but jointly morphology. Specifically, resulting from midpiece ways that suggest shifts energetic challenges functioning under stressful conditions. Selection also targets head dimensions tail length, irrespective provide first evidence ocean not only impact fertilizers, novel pressures drive them adapt response if gamete phenotypes sufficiently heritable. A free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information this article.

Language: Английский

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Sperm motility of oysters from distinct populations differs in response to ocean acidification and freshening

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 28, 2019

Abstract Species’ responses to climate change will reflect variability in the effects of physiological selection that future conditions impose. Here, we considered ocean acidification (increases p CO 2 ; 606, 925, 1250 µatm) and freshening (reductions salinity; 33, 23, 13 PSU) on sperm motility oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) from two populations (one recently invaded, one established for 60+ years). Freshening reduced population, but this was offset by a positive effect acidification. also invaded had no effect. Response direction, strength, variance differed among individuals within each population. For increased motility, exposure both modified performance rank males (i.e. sperm). In contrast, caused smaller variance, male broadly consistent across treatments. That inter-population differences response may be related environmental history (recently or established), indicates could influence scope adaptation. These results highlight need consider variation population forecast multiple drivers.

Language: Английский

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Ocean Acidification, but Not Environmental Contaminants, Affects Fertilization Success and Sperm Motility in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 247 - 247

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Ocean acidification poses an increasing concern for broadcast spawning species that release gametes in the water column where fertilization occurs. Indeed, functionality of and their interactions may be negatively affected by reduced pH. Susceptibility to other environmental stressors, such as pollutants, also altered under acidified conditions, resulting more detrimental effects. To verify this hypothesis, combined exposures CO2-driven environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 µg/L) three contaminants (caffeine, diclofenac, PFOS, all singularly or mixture) were carried out highlight potential negative effects on success motility sperm sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Our results showed a significant reduction percentage fertilized eggs when pre-exposed pH (ambient minus 0.4 units) compared controls (ambient, = 8.1). Sperm speed decreased activated then exposed at Conversely, both values tested, no effect due contaminants, nor interaction with pH, was found any biological endpoints considered.

Language: Английский

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