Morpho‐regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone‐dependent morpho‐regulatory modules

Development Growth & Differentiation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 124 - 138

Published: Dec. 19, 2018

Many animals can change the size, shape, texture and color of their regenerated coats in response to different ages, sexes, or seasonal environmental changes. Here, we propose that feather core branching morphogenesis module be regulated by sex hormones other factors forms, textures colors, thus generating a large spectrum complexity for adaptation. We use sexual dimorphisms chicken explore role hormones. A long-standing question is whether sex-dependent morphologies are autonomously controlled male female cell types, extrinsically reversible. have recently identified molecular modules which control anterior-posterior (bone morphogenetic orotein [BMP], Wnt gradient), medio-lateral (Retinoic signaling, Gremlin), proximo-distal (Sprouty, BMP) patterning feathers. hypothesize morpho-regulation, through quantitative modulation existing parameters, act on topologically tune dimension each parameter during regeneration. involvement using exogenously delivered Our strategy mimic androgen levels applying exogenous dihydrotestosterone aromatase inhibitors adult females estradiol injecting males. also examine differentially expressed genes feathers wildtype chickens identify potential downstream modifiers morphogenesis. The data show morphology patterns modified molting resetting stem niche

Language: Английский

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Neuroendocrinology of Sex-Role Reversal

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. 692 - 702

Published: May 26, 2020

Females of some species are considered sex-role reversed, meaning that they face stronger competition for mates compared to males. While much attention has been paid behavioral and morphological patterns associated with reversal, less is known about its physiological regulation. Here, we evaluate hypotheses relating the neuroendocrine basis reversal. We refute most widely tested activational hypothesis sex differences in androgen secretion; reversed females do not have higher levels androgens circulation than However, find evidence effects may be sex-specific; circulating correlate competitive phenotypes females. also review tissue-specific sensitivity males, at least tissues. Organizational explain these relationships, considering early exposure steroids can shape later hormones, often sex-specific ways. Moving forward, experimental correlative studies on ontogeny expression reversal will further clarify mechanisms generate behaviors roles.

Language: Английский

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The Estrogen-Responsive Transcriptome of Female Secondary Sexual Traits in the Gulf Pipefish

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111(3), P. 294 - 306

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Sexual dimorphism often results from hormonally regulated trait differences between the sexes. In sex-role-reversed vertebrates, females have ornaments used in mating competition that are expected to be under hormonal control. Males of Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) develop female-typical traits when they exposed estrogens. We aimed identify genes whose expression levels changed during development and maintenance female-specific ornaments. performed RNA-sequencing on skin muscle tissue male with without exposure estrogen investigate transcriptome sexually dimorphic ornament vertical iridescent bands found estrogen-exposed males. further compared differential gene patterns males generate a list putatively involved female secondary sex body depth. A detailed analysis estrogen-receptor binding sites demonstrates estrogen-regulated tend nearby cis-regulatory elements. Our identified number differed sexes confirmed many these were estrogen-responsive. These may arrangement chromatophores for color patterning, as well growth muscles achieve greater depth typical this species. addition, anaerobic respiration adipose could rigors courtship competition. Overall, study generates interesting hypotheses regarding genetic basis pipefish.

Language: Английский

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Honest signals and sexual conflict: Female lizards carry undesirable indicators of quality

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 7647 - 7659

Published: May 2, 2021

Abstract Sex differences in animal coloration often result from sex‐dependent regulatory mechanisms. Still, some species exhibit incomplete sexual dimorphism as females carry a rudimentary version of costly male trait, leading to intralocus conflict. The underlying physiology and condition dependence these traits can inform why such conflicts remain unresolved. In eastern fence lizards ( Sceloporus undulatus ), blue iridophore badges are found males females, but melanin pigmentation underneath surrounding is male‐exclusive. We track color saturation area across maturity, their relationship individual quality (body immunocompetence) relevant hormones (testosterone corticosterone). Saturation testosterone were positively correlated both sexes, hormone trait had little overlap between females. was with body immunocompetence not Co‐regulation by androgens may have released resource allocation costs saturation, even when high condition. Badge independent testosterone, associated low corticosterone indicating that nonsex underlies dimorphism. Given the evidence this for female reproductive ornamentation, sex‐nonspecific regulation an honest signal underlie

Language: Английский

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Effect of shell as natural testosterone boosters in Sprague Dawley rats

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1677 - 1681

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shell supplementation on regulation male reproduction in rats. The zinc (Zn) level from blood clam (Anadara granosa), green mussel (Perna viridis), and conch (Telescopium telescopium) was analyzed. highest Zn content fed Sprague Dawley rats for 0, 9, 30, 50 days at dose either 0.09 mg/200 g BW or 0.18 BW. To determine testosterone levels, collected through infraorbitalis sinus just before rat sacrificed. Testicular brain were also Cyp19 aromatase receptor analysis. clam, mussel, 61.55 mg/kg, 2.78 3.93 respectively. T1 group receiving 1.42±0.59, 2.15±1.58, 2.98±2.53, 8.11±2.03 ng/mL, T2 2.50±0.32, 1.25±0.60, 3.87±3.27, 3.54±0.23 T3 Na-CMC showed 0.77±0.22, 1.99±1.65, 4.12±0.07, 2.19±1.30 Finally, T4 levels 0.51±0.58, 2.24±3.16, 4.58±1.97, 2.89±0.20 There a significant difference (p<0.05) between compared other groups. However, absence expression both Leydig cells indicated no conversion estradiol. add, this finding potential use boost Shell acted as an blocker indicates its promising application birds manipulate quality song feather.

Language: Английский

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Plumage color manipulation has no effect on social dominance or fitness in zebra finches

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 459 - 467

Published: Dec. 20, 2017

Colorful plumage ornaments may evolve because they play a role in mate choice or intrasexual competition, acting as signals of species identity individual quality. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is model organism for the study and its colorful are thought to be used both these contexts. Numerous genetic color variants have been described this species, but rare wild. This raises question whether discrimination against deviant phenotypes maintains species' uniform (rare-mate disadvantage). Furthermore, comparison closely related suggests that lack female finches derived condition. Male preferences less-ornamented females led sexual dichromatism finch. Here, we test experimentally by altering male coloration mimic 2 types naturally occurring variants. We estimated effects on social dominance reproductive success large breeding aviaries one domesticated recently wild-derived populations. Hypotheses, methods, analyses were preregistered ensure maximal objectivity results presented. Despite fairly drastic manipulation powerful experimental design, found no effect treatment success. Our suggest not mechanism homogeneity coloration, can explain loss females.

Language: Английский

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Social organisation and breeding biology of the White-shouldered Fairywren (Malurus alboscapulatus)

Emu - Austral Ornithology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(3), P. 274 - 285

Published: April 25, 2019

The White-shouldered Fairywren (Malurus alboscapulatus) is a tropical passerine bird distributed across much of New Guinea. Fairywrens are among few species fairywren with exclusively distributions and differ from better studied congeners in Australia because subspecies vary by female, but not male, coloration morphology. As many Guinea, basic demographic, social, morphological, breeding data limited. From 2011 to 2018 we documented the biology two representing extremes female ornamentation spectrum. Both form groups having an even operational sex ratio appear breed year-round. Extra-pair paternity occurs ornamentation; comparable lacking for unornamented females, greater scaled cloacal protuberance volume males suggests similar or higher extra-pair rates. Females ornamented generally larger than those ornamentation, exhibit reduced tail lengths, which thought serve as signal social dominance other fairywrens. After first achieving adult-like plumage, females retain plumage year-round; however, only delayed maturation. Our discussion highlights similarities differences between life histories Australian Malurus species; focus on vs. temperate environments variable identify priorities future research.

Language: Английский

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Androgen-armoured amazons: reversed sex roles in coucals are associated with testosterone in females but not males

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1995)

Published: March 29, 2023

In some species, sexual selection is stronger in females than males. classically polyandrous birds, for instance, compete mating opportunities and males care offspring. Sex steroids such as testosterone have been suggested to regulate the behaviours of ‘role-reversed’ males, but comparative studies did not find evidence a role relation sex roles. However, large variability hormone measurements across laboratories may prevent detecting subtle differences levels. To circumvent this caveat, I compared steroid concentrations two closely related cohabiting species with different systems: black coucal ( Centropus grillii ) monogamous white-browed C. superciliosus ). Baseline gonadotropin-releasing (GnRH)-induced were twice high female coucals coucals, low pre-breeding progesterone consistent progesterone's modulatory during agonistic interactions species. GnRH-induced differ between both This study provides first that elevated associated sex-role-reversed traits females, whereas levels be necessary facilitate sex-role reversal

Language: Английский

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The Ancestral Modulation Hypothesis: Predicting Mechanistic Control of Sexually Heteromorphic Traits Using Evolutionary History

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202(3), P. 241 - 259

Published: April 12, 2023

AbstractAcross the animal kingdom there are myriad forms within a sex across, and even within, species, rendering concepts of universal traits moot. The mechanisms that regulate development these trait differences varied, although in vertebrates, common pathways involve gonadal steroid hormones. Gonadal steroids often associated with heteromorphic development, where found at higher circulating levels is one involved for sex. Occasionally, situations which or monomorphic another We propose verbal hypothesis, ancestral modulation hypothesis (AMH), uses evolutionary history trait-particularly ancestrally possessed values-to predict regulatory pathway governs expression. AMH predicts genomic architecture appears first to resolve sexual conflict an initially trait. This takes advantage existing sex-biased signals, pathway, generate heteromorphism. In cases other experiences pressure new phenotype, will co-opt by altering its signal match original high-trait-value describe integrated needed produce this pattern what expected outcomes be given present framework as testable scientific community investigate create further engagement analysis both ultimate proximate approaches

Language: Английский

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Sexual dichromatism in the fur of a bat: An exploration of color differences and potential signaling functions

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Sex differences in body color (i.e., sexual dichromatism) are rare bats and, more broadly, mammals. The eastern red bat (

Language: Английский

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