LPS-Induced Garcia Effect and Its Pharmacological Regulation Mediated by Acetylsalicylic Acid: Behavioral and Transcriptional Evidence

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1100 - 1100

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Lymnaea stagnalis learns and remembers to avoid certain foods when their ingestion is followed by sickness. This rapid, taste-specific, long-lasting aversion—known as the Garcia effect—can be formed exposing snails a novel taste 1 h later injecting them with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, exposure of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for before LPS injection, prevents both LPS-induced sickness state effect. Here, we investigated aspects this unique form conditioned aversion its pharmacological regulation. We first explored transcriptional effects in snails’ central nervous system induced injection (25 mg), ASA (900 nM), well combined presentation untrained snails. Then, behavioral molecular mechanisms underlying effect regulation ASA. alone during procedure, upregulated expression levels immune- stress-related targets. upregulation was prevented pre-exposure While did not affect neuroplasticity genes, combination conditioning procedure resulted significant memory formation

Language: Английский

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Left-Right Asymmetry in Invertebrates: From Molecules to Organisms

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 97 - 117

Published: July 10, 2024

Although most animals appear symmetric externally, they exhibit chirality within their body cavity, i.e., in terms of asymmetric organ position, directional looping, and lateralized function. Left-right (LR) asymmetry is determined genetically by intricate molecular interactions that occur during development. Key genes have been elucidated several species. There are common mechanisms vertebrates invertebrates, but some to unique mechanisms. This review focuses on LR formation particularly Drosophila, ascidians, mollusks. It aims understand the role key creating how information converted/transmitted across hierarchies from molecules cells tissues.

Language: Английский

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A translational and multidisciplinary approach to studying the Garcia effect, a higher form of learning with deep evolutionary roots

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(8)

Published: April 15, 2024

Animals, including humans, learn and remember to avoid a novel food when its ingestion is followed, hours later, by sickness - phenomenon initially identified during World War II as potential means of pest control. In the 1960s, John Garcia (for whom effect now named) demonstrated that this form conditioned taste aversion had broader implications, showing it rapid but long-lasting taste-specific with fundamental role in evolution behaviour. From mid-1970s onward, principles were translated different clinical conditions (e.g. side-effects linked chemotherapy). However, last two decades, number studies on has undergone considerable decline. Since discovery rodents, learning was thought be exclusive mammals; however, we recently provided first demonstration can formed an invertebrate model organism, pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Thus, Commentary, after reviewing experiments led characterization describe recent evidence for L. stagnalis, which may pave way future other invertebrates mammals. This article aims inspire translational ecological characterize conserved mechanisms underlying deep evolutionary roots, used address range biological questions.

Language: Английский

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Different stressors uniquely affect the expression of endocannabinoid‐metabolizing enzymes in the central ring ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 22, 2024

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, energy balance, modulation of stress, and inflammatory responses, acting as a critical link between the brain body's peripheral regions, while also offering promising potential for novel therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, humans, pharmacological inhibitors different ECS enzymes have led to mixed results both preclinical clinical studies. As has been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic lineage, use invertebrate model organisms like pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis may provide flexible tool unravel unexplored functions at cellular, synaptic, behavioral levels. In this study, starting from available genome transcriptome L. stagnalis, we first identified putative transcripts all containing open reading frame. Each predicted protein possessed high degree sequence conservation known orthologues other vertebrate organisms. Sequences were confirmed by qualitative PCR sequencing. Then, investigated transcriptional effects induced stress conditions (i.e., bacterial LPS injection, predator scent, food deprivation, acute heat shock) on expression levels Lymnaea's central ring ganglia. Our suggest that rodents, is involved mediating anxiety-like promoting responding stressors. To our knowledge, study offers most comprehensive analysis so far organism.

Language: Английский

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Snails go on a fast when acetylsalicylic acid comes along with heat stress: A possible effect of HSPs and serotonergic system on the feeding response

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 109805 - 109805

Published: Nov. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Through the looking glass: attempting to predict future opportunities and challenges in experimental biology

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(24)

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

ABSTRACT To celebrate its centenary year, Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB) commissioned a collection articles examining the past, present and future experimental biology. This Commentary closes by considering important research opportunities challenges that await us in future. We expect researchers will harness power technological advances, such as ‘-omics’ gene editing, to probe resistance resilience environmental change well other organismal responses. The capacity handle large data sets allow high-resolution be collected for individual animals understand population, species community availability also place greater emphasis on approaches modeling simulations. Finally, increasing sophistication biologgers more comprehensive wild. Collectively, these provide an unprecedented understanding ‘how work’ keys safeguarding at time when anthropogenic activities are degrading natural environment.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the interactions between multiple memory stores in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 210(1), P. 91 - 102

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Progressive modifications during evolution involving epigenetic changes have determined loss of regeneration mainly in terrestrial animals: A hypothesis

Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 515, P. 169 - 177

Published: July 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and transcriptional effects of carnosine in the central ring ganglia of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(8)

Published: July 30, 2024

Carnosine is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide with well-recognized anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects at the central nervous system level. To date, very few studies have been focused on ability of carnosine to rescue and/or enhance memory. Here, we used well-known invertebrate model system, pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, well-studied associative learning procedure, operant conditioning aerial respiration, investigate long-term memory (LTM) formation reverse obstruction caused by an immune challenge (i.e., lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection). Exposing snails 1 mM for h before training in addition enhancing resulted significant upregulation expression levels key neuroplasticity genes glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate [NMDA]-type subunit 1-LymGRIN1, transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein 1-LymCREB1) snails' ring ganglia. Moreover, pre-exposure LPS injection reversed deficit brought about inflammation, preventing targets stress response Toll-like 4-LymTLR4, molluscan defense molecule-LymMDM, heat shock 70-LymHSP70). Our data are thus consistent hypothesis that can positive benefits cognitive be able aversive states induced neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

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Where Is the Cognizing in Comparative Cognition?

Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 43 - 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Research in comparative cognition has increasingly focused on the evolutionary origins of cognitive variation.This approach diversified species studied and increased awareness biological predispositions that affect cognition, but at cost dissociating research from more mainstream science studies.Alternative approaches focus basic principles can potentially foster a fresh rapprochement between human animal researchers.Studies exotica, particular, may yield important insights into how animals (including humans) cognize.

Language: Английский

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