Toward an Era of Restoration in Ecology: Successes, Failures, and Opportunities Ahead

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 465 - 487

Published: March 2, 2011

As an inevitable consequence of increased environmental degradation and anticipated future change, societal demand for ecosystem restoration is rapidly increasing. Here, I evaluate successes failures in restoration, how science informing these efforts, ways to better address decision-making policy needs. Despite the multitude projects wide agreement that evaluation a key progress, comprehensive evaluations are rare. Based on limited available information, outcomes vary widely. Cases complete recovery frequently characterized by persistence species abiotic processes permit natural regeneration. Incomplete often attributed mixture local landscape constraints, including shifts distributions legacies past land use. Lastly, strong feedbacks regional pools climate can result little no recovery. More forward-looking paradigms, such as enhancing services increasing resilience exciting new directions need more assessment. Increased evidence-based cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer will inform range critical issues prioritize sites interventions, include uncertainty decision making, incorporate temporal spatial dependencies, standardize outcome assessments. increasingly embraces opportunities have never been greater.

Language: Английский

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Interactions among ecosystem stressors and their importance in conservation

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 283(1824), P. 20152592 - 20152592

Published: Feb. 10, 2016

Interactions between multiple ecosystem stressors are expected to jeopardize biological processes, functions and biodiversity. The scientific community has declared stressor interactions—notably synergies—a key issue for conservation management. Here, we review ecological literature over the past four decades evaluate trends in reporting of interactions (synergies, antagonisms additive effects) highlight implications importance conservation. Despite increasing popularity, ever-finer terminologies, find that synergies (still) not most prevalent type interaction, practitioners need appreciate manage all interaction outcomes, including antagonistic effects. However, it will be possible identify effect every on organism's physiology function because number stressors, their potential interactions, growing rapidly. Predicting may near-future, using meta-analyses, conservation-oriented experiments adaptive monitoring. Pending a general framework predicting management should enact interventions robust uncertainty continue bolster resilience stressful world.

Language: Английский

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Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(24), P. 6167 - 6175

Published: June 5, 2017

Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these will not avert serious stress and damage life on Earth, additional steps needed boost resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, protect capacity supply vital goods services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help ecosystems people adapt five prominent impacts climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification storms, shifts species distribution, decreased productivity oxygen availability, as well cumulative effects. explore role managed mitigating change by promoting carbon sequestration storage buffering against uncertainty management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, extreme events. highlight both strengths limitations conclude that a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy would yield multiple cobenefits from local global scales, improving outlook for environment into future.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the winners and the losers a decade after coral bleaching

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 434, P. 67 - 76

Published: May 17, 2011

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 434:67-76 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09203 Revisiting winners and losers a decade after coral bleaching R. van Woesik1,*, K. Sakai2, A. Ganase1, Y. Loya3 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute Technology, Melbourne, 32901, USA 2Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University Ryukyus, Motobu, 905-0227 Okinawa, Japan 3Department Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Over past 3 decades, thermal stress events have damaged corals globally. Few studies, however, tracked recovery process or assessed whether in short term are also long term. In present study, we repeatedly sampled assemblage over 14 yr period, from 1997 2010, through 2 (in 1998 2001). Our goal was examine consistency short-term winner loser outcomes period. Although species richness had recovered 10 yr, reef composition changed, few pocilloporids were be found. The thermally tolerant encrusting massive morphologies (Porites faviids) Acropora colonies <5 cm diameter. Long-term revealed as (1) tolerant, locally persistent colonies, (2) remnant survivors that rapidly regrew, (3) regionally recruited. KEY WORDS: Coral · Climate adaptation Temperature Reefs Recovery Full text pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Woesik R, Sakai K, Ganase A, Loya Y bleaching. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 434:67-76. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited by Published Vol. 434. Online publication date: July 28, 2011 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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Resilience in ecology: Abstraction, distraction, or where the action is?

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 43 - 51

Published: July 7, 2014

Language: Английский

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Caribbean-wide decline in carbonate production threatens coral reef growth

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2013

Global-scale deteriorations in coral reef health have caused major shifts species composition. One projected consequence is a lowering of carbonate production rates, potentially impairing growth, compromising ecosystem functionality and ultimately leading to net erosion. Here, using measures gross erosion from 19 Caribbean reefs, we show that contemporary rates are now substantially below historical (mid- late-Holocene) values. On average, current reduced by at least 50%, 37% surveyed sites were erosional. Calculated accretion (mm year−1) for shallow fore-reef habitats also close an order magnitude lower than Holocene averages. A live cover threshold ~10% appears critical maintaining positive states. Below this ecological budgets typically become negative threaten accretion. Collectively, these data suggest recent declines suppressing growth potential. Coral declining globally lead loss structure. This study shows change across the has levels those measured over last ~8,000 years, threatening ability reefs keep pace with future sea-level rise.

Language: Английский

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Global Human Footprint on the Linkage between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Reef Fishes

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. e1000606 - e1000606

Published: April 5, 2011

A global survey of reef fishes shows that the consequences biodiversity loss are greater than previously anticipated as ecosystem functioning remained unsaturated with addition new species. Additionally, reefs worldwide, particularly those most diverse, highly vulnerable to human impacts widespread and likely worsen due ongoing coastal overpopulation.

Language: Английский

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Increasing Crop Diversity Mitigates Weather Variations and Improves Yield Stability

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e0113261 - e0113261

Published: Feb. 6, 2015

Cropping sequence diversification provides a systems approach to reduce yield variations and improve resilience multiple environmental stresses. Yield advantages of more diverse crop rotations their synergistic effects with reduced tillage are well documented, but few studies have quantified the impact these management practices on yields stability when soil moisture is limiting or in excess. Using weather data obtained from 31-year long term rotation trial Ontario, we tested whether diversity associated greater abnormal conditions occur. We used parametric non-parametric approaches quantify (monocrop, 2-crops, 3-crops without one two legume cover crops) (conventional tillage) probabilities benefits under different temperature scenarios. Although magnitude varied crops, patterns tillage, significantly increased corn soybean were integrated into rotations. Introducing small grains short corn-soybean was enough provide substantial long-term while mostly temporal niche provided by for underseeded red clover alfalfa. Crop strategies probability harnessing favorable growing decreasing risk failure. In hot dry years, 7% 22% respectively. Given additional cropping system diversification, such strategy comprehensive lowering variability improving This could help sustain future levels challenging production environments.

Language: Английский

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Evidence That Marine Reserves Enhance Resilience to Climatic Impacts

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. e40832 - e40832

Published: July 18, 2012

Establishment of marine protected areas, including fully reserves, is one the few management tools available for local communities to combat deleterious effect large scale environmental impacts, global climate change, on ocean ecosystems. Despite common hope that reserves play this role, empirical evidence effectiveness protection against problems lacking. Here we show increase resilience populations a mass mortality event possibly caused by climate-driven hypoxia. high and widespread adult benthic invertebrates in Baja California, Mexico, affected both within outside juvenile replenishment species supports economies, pink abalone Haliotis corrugata, remained stable because body size egg production adults. Thus, provided through greater resistance faster recovery populations. Moreover, benefit extended adjacent unprotected areas larval spillover across edges reserves. While change mitigation being debated, coastal have slow down negative impacts shifts. These results can provide such protection.

Language: Английский

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Managing for Interactions between Local and Global Stressors of Ecosystems

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. e65765 - e65765

Published: June 12, 2013

Global stressors, including climate change, are a major threat to ecosystems, but they cannot be halted by local actions. Ecosystem management is thus attempting compensate for the impacts of global stressors reducing such as overfishing. This approach assumes that interact additively or synergistically, whereby combined effect two at least sum their isolated effects. It not clear, however, how should proceed antagonistic interactions among where multiple do have an additive greater impact. Research date has focussed on identifying synergisms antagonisms may just common. We examined effectiveness when faced with different types in systems – seagrass and fish communities stressor was change were different. When there synergisms, mitigating delivered gains, whereas antagonisms, ineffective even degraded ecosystems. These results suggest can if synergistic interaction. Conversely, interaction, will greatest benefits areas refuge from change. A balanced research agenda, investigating both interaction types, needed inform priorities.

Language: Английский

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