Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 355(6332)

Published: March 30, 2017

Consequences of shifting species distributions Climate change is causing geographical redistribution plant and animal globally. These distributional shifts are leading to new ecosystems ecological communities, changes that will affect human society. Pecl et al. review these current future impacts assess their implications for sustainable development goals. Science , this issue p. eaai9214

Language: Английский

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Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 733, P. 137782 - 137782

Published: March 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Language: Английский

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Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 556(7700), P. 231 - 234

Published: March 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Greater vulnerability to warming of marine versus terrestrial ectotherms

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 569(7754), P. 108 - 111

Published: April 24, 2019

Language: Английский

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Recent responses to climate change reveal the drivers of species extinction and survival

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(8), P. 4211 - 4217

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Climate change may be a major threat to biodiversity in the next 100 years. Although there has been important work on mechanisms of decline some species, it generally remains unclear which changes climate actually cause extinctions, and how many species will likely lost. Here, we identify specific that are associated with widespread local extinctions have already occurred. We then use this information predict extent future loss processes forestall extinction. used data from surveys 538 plant animal over time, 44% had at one or more sites. found locations larger faster hottest yearly temperatures than those without. Surprisingly, sites significantly smaller mean annual temperatures, despite as proxies for overall change. Based their past rates dispersal, estimate 57–70% these not disperse quickly enough avoid However, show niche shifts appear far avoiding extinction although most studies focus only dispersal. Specifically, considering both dispersal shifts, project 16–30% go extinct by 2070. Overall, our results help climatic survive.

Language: Английский

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Considering adaptive genetic variation in climate change vulnerability assessment reduces species range loss projections

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(21), P. 10418 - 10423

Published: May 6, 2019

Local adaptations can determine the potential of populations to respond environmental changes, yet adaptive genetic variation is commonly ignored in models forecasting species vulnerability and biogeographical shifts under future climate change. Here we integrate genomic ecological modeling approaches identify associated with two cryptic forest bats. We then incorporate this information directly into forecasts range changes change assessment population persistence through spread climate-adaptive (evolutionary rescue potential). Considering reduced loss projections, suggesting that failure account for intraspecific variability result overestimation losses. On other hand, overlap between was projected increase, indicating interspecific competition likely play an important role limiting species' ranges. show although evolutionary possible, it depends on a population's capacity connectivity. Hence, stress importance incorporating data landscape connectivity assessments conservation management.

Language: Английский

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Climate-Driven Shifts in Marine Species Ranges: Scaling from Organisms to Communities

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 153 - 179

Published: Sept. 10, 2019

The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions trailing often contracting similar directions. These shifts have their roots fine-scale interactions between organisms environment-including mosaics gradients temperature oxygen-mediated by physiology, behavior, evolution, dispersal, interactions. reassemble food webs can dramatic consequences. Compared on land, more sensitive to but a greater capacity for colonization. differences suggest that cope change at different spatial scales the two realms across wide key mechanism sea. Additional research is needed understand how processes interact promote or constrain shifts, dominant responses vary among species, emergent communities future ocean will function.

Language: Английский

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Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 119 - 145

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)-discrete periods anomalously warm water-have intensified and become more frequent over past century, impacting integrity ecosystems globally. We review synthesize current understanding MHW impacts at individual, population, community levels. then examine how these affect broader ecosystem services discuss state research on biological MHWs. Finally, we explore emergent approaches to predicting occurrence andimpacts future events, along with adaptation management approaches. With further increases in intensity frequency projected for coming decades, MHWs emerging as pervasive stressors A deeper mechanistic their is needed better predict adapt increased activity Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(8), P. 1848 - 1853

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

Many studies report that mountain plant species are shifting upward in elevation. However, the majority of these reports focus on shifts upper limits. Here, we expand and simultaneously analyze changes both range limits, optima, abundances 183 species. We therefore resurveyed 1,576 vegetation plots first recorded before 1970 European Alps. found limits optima shifted elevation, but most pronounced trend was a mean increase abundance. Despite huge species-specific variation, dynamics showed consistent along elevational gradient: Both upslope faster lower they were situated historically, species' abundance increased more for from elevations. Traits affecting dispersal persistence capacity not related to their dynamics. Using indicator values stratify by thermal nutrient demands revealed ranges thermophilic tended expand, while those cold-adapted contract. Abundance increases strongest nutriphilous These results suggest recent climate warming interacted with airborne nitrogen deposition driving observed So far, appear as "winners" changes, yet "losers" overrepresented among high-elevation, low demands. In decades come, high-alpine may hence face double pressure climatic novel, superior competitors move up than themselves can escape even higher

Language: Английский

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Impacts of ocean warming on kelp forest ecosystems

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(4), P. 1447 - 1454

Published: Aug. 10, 2019

Kelp forests represent some of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth, provide a range ecosystem goods services which human populations depend. As distribution ecophysiology kelp species is strongly influenced by temperature, recent warming trends in many regions have been linked with concurrent changes populations, communities ecosystems. Over past decade, number reports ocean impacts has risen sharply. Here, I synthesise studies to highlight general patterns trends. While responses climate change vary greatly between basins, species, there compelling evidence show that poses an unequivocal threat persistence integrity forest ecosystems coming decades.

Language: Английский

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