Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 101607 - 101607

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Regulation of Drosophila Sleep

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. R38 - R49

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 104(2)

Published: April 25, 2020

Abstract Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid the fat body, which analogous vertebrate adipose tissue liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes oenocytes are primary cells related metabolism. starts with hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption monomers, followed by transport from midgut lipogenesis or lipolysis in other sites demanding energy. under control hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, insulin‐like peptides that activate lipogenic such as sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, whereas coordinated adipokinetic hormone activates lipolytic forkhead box class O cAMP‐response protein. Calcium primary–secondary messenger affecting has outcomes depending on site lipolysis. Phosphorylation central multiple phosphorylases involved accumulation hydrolysis. Although most knowledge comes studies model Drosophila; particular those obligatory facultative diapause, also have great potential study use these models would significantly improve our

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Body Size and Growth Control

Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 216(2), P. 269 - 313

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract The control of body and organ growth is essential for the development adults with proper size proportions, which important survival reproduction. In animals, adult determined by rate duration juvenile growth, are influenced environment. nutrient-scarce environments in more time needed period can be extended delaying maturation, whereas rapidly completed nutrient-rich conditions. This flexibility requires integration environmental cues developmental signals that govern internal checkpoints to ensure maturation does not begin until sufficient tissue has occurred reach a size. Target Rapamycin (TOR) pathway primary cell-autonomous nutrient sensor, while circulating hormones such as steroids insulin-like factors main systemic regulators animals. We discuss recent findings Drosophila melanogaster showing environment growth-sensing mechanisms, involving TOR other growth-regulatory pathways, converge on insulin steroid relay centers responsible adjusting development, response external addition this, also monitored coordinated whole-body timing through modulation signaling. coordination involves interorgan communication mediated peptide 8 status. Together, these multiple nutritional feed into neuroendocrine hubs controlling signaling, serving at progression toward delayed. review focuses mechanisms conditions modulate size, highlights conserved architecture this system, made prime model understanding

Language: Английский

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Single cell transcriptome atlas of the Drosophila larval brain

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Cell diversity of the brain and how it is affected by starvation, remains largely unknown. Here, we introduce a single cell transcriptome atlas entire Drosophila first instar larval brain. We assigned cell-type identity based on known marker genes, distinguishing five major groups: neural progenitors, differentiated neurons, glia, undifferentiated neurons non-neural cells. All classes were further subdivided into multiple subtypes, revealing biological features various cell-types. assessed transcriptional changes in response to starvation at single-cell level. While after composition unaffected, profile several clusters changed. Intriguingly, different cell-types show very distinct responses suggesting presence cell-specific programs for nutrition availability. Establishing provides powerful tool explore assess genetic profiles from developmental, functional behavioral perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4523 - 4551

Published: May 24, 2020

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior improve chances of survival reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able sense respond changes in external environmental conditions internal state. Metabolic adaptation response altered nutrient availability is key maintaining energy homeostasis sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, variables exert major influences on growth final adult body size animals. This plasticity depends adaptive responses state cues that are essential for processes. Genetic studies have shown the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly mammals, regulates its growth, environment through several hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing various sensed different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information neuroendocrine centers control insulin signaling. focuses endocrine regulation highlighting recent advances role system as a signaling hub integrates inputs drives responses.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Peptide Hormones in Insect Lipid Metabolism

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 7, 2020

Lipids are the primary storage molecules and an essential source of energy in insects during reproduction, prolonged periods flight, starvation, diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is fat body, which analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue liver. body primarily composed adipocytes, accumulate triacylglycerols intracellular droplets. Genomics proteomics, together with functional analyses, such as RNA interference CRISPR/Cas9-targeted genome editing, identified various genes involved elucidated their functions. However, endocrine control metabolism, particular roles peptide hormones lipogenesis lipolysis relatively less-known topics. In current review, neuropeptides that directly or indirectly affect introduced. lipolytic lipogenic adipokinetic hormone brain insulin-like peptides (ILP2, ILP3, ILP5). Other neuropeptides, insulin-growth factor ILP6, neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leucokinin, tachykinins limostatin, might stimulate lipolysis, while diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, short CCHamide-2, cytokines Unpaired 1 2 induce lipogenesis. Most these interact one another, but mostly insulin signaling, therefore indirectly. Peptide also diapause, infections immunity; highlighted. review concludes a discussion potential metabolism-related pest management.

Language: Английский

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Morning and Evening Circadian Pacemakers Independently Drive Premotor Centers via a Specific Dopamine Relay

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(4), P. 843 - 857.e4

Published: April 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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A multi-omics approach to solving problems in plant disease ecology

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. e0237975 - e0237975

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

The swift rise of omics-approaches allows for investigating microbial diversity and plant-microbe interactions across diverse ecological communities spatio-temporal scales. environment, however, is rapidly changing. introduction invasive species the effects climate change have particular impact on emerging plant diseases managing current epidemics. It critical, therefore, to take a holistic approach understand how why pathogenesis occurs in order effectively manage given synergies changing environmental conditions. A multi-omics detailed picture plant-microbial can ultimately allow us build predictive models microbes plants will respond stress under change. This article designed as primer those interested integrating -omic approaches into their disease research. We review -omics technologies salient pathology including metabolomics, genomics, metagenomics, volatilomics, spectranomics, present cases where been successfully used ecology. then discuss additional limitations pitfalls be wary prior conducting an integrated research project well provide information about promising future directions.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Drosophila post-feeding physiology and behavior by the neuropeptide leucokinin

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. e1007767 - e1007767

Published: Nov. 20, 2018

Behavior and physiology are orchestrated by neuropeptides acting as central neuromodulators circulating hormones. An outstanding question is how these function to coordinate complex competing behaviors. In Drosophila, the neuropeptide leucokinin (LK) modulates diverse functions, but mechanisms underlying interactions remain poorly understood. As a first step towards understanding mechanisms, we delineated LK circuitry that governs various aspects of post-feeding behavior. We found impaired signaling in Lk receptor (Lkr) mutants affects coordinated processes, including regulation stress, water homeostasis, feeding, locomotor activity, metabolic rate. Next, sought define populations neurons contribute different this physiology. find calcium activity abdominal ganglia (ABLKs), not two sets brain neurons, increases specifically following consumption, suggesting ABLKs regulate homeostasis its associated To identify targets peptide, mapped distribution Lkr expression, mined single-cell transcriptome dataset for genes coexpressed with Lkr, identified synaptic partners neurons. expression insulin-producing cells (IPCs), gut, renal tubules chemosensory cells, correlates well regulatory roles detected mutants. Furthermore, flies targeted knockdown IPCs displayed altered insulin-like peptides (DILPs) transcripts increased starvation resistance. Thus, some effects appear occur via DILP action. Collectively, our data suggest three have targets, modulate establishment post-prandial regulating distinct physiological processes behaviors such diuresis, metabolism, organismal insulin signaling. These findings provide platform investigating feeding-related neuroendocrine vital behavior

Language: Английский

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