Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells in Drosophila DOI Open Access
Martina Held, Rituja S Bisen, Meet Zandawala

et al.

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘in-trinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Language: Английский

Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior DOI
Dick R. Nässel, Meet Zandawala

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 101607 - 101607

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

307
A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism DOI
Umut Toprak, Dwayne D. Hegedus, Cansu Doğan

et al.

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 104(2)

Published: April 25, 2020

Abstract Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid the fat body, which analogous vertebrate adipose tissue liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes oenocytes are primary cells related metabolism. starts with hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption monomers, followed by transport from midgut lipogenesis or lipolysis in other sites demanding energy. under control hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, insulin‐like peptides that activate lipogenic such as sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, whereas coordinated adipokinetic hormone activates lipolytic forkhead box class O cAMP‐response protein. Calcium primary–secondary messenger affecting has outcomes depending on site lipolysis. Phosphorylation central multiple phosphorylases involved accumulation hydrolysis. Although most knowledge comes studies model Drosophila; particular those obligatory facultative diapause, also have great potential study use these models would significantly improve our

Language: Английский

Citations

144
Histone acetylation dynamics regulating plant development and stress responses DOI
Verandra Kumar, Jitendra K. Thakur, Manoj Prasad

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 78(10), P. 4467 - 4486

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

132
Regulation of Body Size and Growth Control DOI Open Access
Michael J. Texada, Takashi Koyama, Kim Rewitz

et al.

Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 216(2), P. 269 - 313

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract The control of body and organ growth is essential for the development adults with proper size proportions, which important survival reproduction. In animals, adult determined by rate duration juvenile growth, are influenced environment. nutrient-scarce environments in more time needed period can be extended delaying maturation, whereas rapidly completed nutrient-rich conditions. This flexibility requires integration environmental cues developmental signals that govern internal checkpoints to ensure maturation does not begin until sufficient tissue has occurred reach a size. Target Rapamycin (TOR) pathway primary cell-autonomous nutrient sensor, while circulating hormones such as steroids insulin-like factors main systemic regulators animals. We discuss recent findings Drosophila melanogaster showing environment growth-sensing mechanisms, involving TOR other growth-regulatory pathways, converge on insulin steroid relay centers responsible adjusting development, response external addition this, also monitored coordinated whole-body timing through modulation signaling. coordination involves interorgan communication mediated peptide 8 status. Together, these multiple nutritional feed into neuroendocrine hubs controlling signaling, serving at progression toward delayed. review focuses mechanisms conditions modulate size, highlights conserved architecture this system, made prime model understanding

Language: Английский

Citations

134
Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila DOI Creative Commons
Takashi Koyama, Michael J. Texada, Kenneth A. Halberg

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4523 - 4551

Published: May 24, 2020

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior improve chances of survival reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able sense respond changes in external environmental conditions internal state. Metabolic adaptation response altered nutrient availability is key maintaining energy homeostasis sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, variables exert major influences on growth final adult body size animals. This plasticity depends adaptive responses state cues that are essential for processes. Genetic studies have shown the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly mammals, regulates its growth, environment through several hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing various sensed different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information neuroendocrine centers control insulin signaling. focuses endocrine regulation highlighting recent advances role system as a signaling hub integrates inputs drives responses.

Language: Английский

Citations

127
The Role of Peptide Hormones in Insect Lipid Metabolism DOI Creative Commons
Umut Toprak

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 7, 2020

Lipids are the primary storage molecules and an essential source of energy in insects during reproduction, prolonged periods flight, starvation, diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is fat body, which analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue liver. body primarily composed adipocytes, accumulate triacylglycerols intracellular droplets. Genomics proteomics, together with functional analyses, such as RNA interference CRISPR/Cas9-targeted genome editing, identified various genes involved elucidated their functions. However, endocrine control metabolism, particular roles peptide hormones lipogenesis lipolysis relatively less-known topics. In current review, neuropeptides that directly or indirectly affect introduced. lipolytic lipogenic adipokinetic hormone brain insulin-like peptides (ILP2, ILP3, ILP5). Other neuropeptides, insulin-growth factor ILP6, neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leucokinin, tachykinins limostatin, might stimulate lipolysis, while diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, short CCHamide-2, cytokines Unpaired 1 2 induce lipogenesis. Most these interact one another, but mostly insulin signaling, therefore indirectly. Peptide also diapause, infections immunity; highlighted. review concludes a discussion potential metabolism-related pest management.

Language: Английский

Citations

118
Neural basis of hunger-driven behaviour in Drosophila DOI Creative Commons
Suewei Lin,

Bhagyashree Senapati,

Chang-Hui Tsao

et al.

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: March 1, 2019

Hunger is a motivational state that drives eating and food-seeking behaviour. In psychological sense, hunger sets the goal guides an animal in pursuit of food. The biological basis underlying this purposive, goal-directed nature has been under intense investigation. With its rich behavioural repertoire genetically tractable nervous system, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster emerged as excellent model system for studying neural hunger-driven Here, we review our current understanding how sensed, encoded translated into foraging feeding behaviours fly.

Language: Английский

Citations

117
A single pair of leucokinin neurons are modulated by feeding state and regulate sleep–metabolism interactions DOI Creative Commons
Maria E. Yurgel,

Priyanka Kakad,

Meet Zandawala

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. e2006409 - e2006409

Published: Feb. 13, 2019

Dysregulation of sleep and feeding has widespread health consequences. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence for interactions between metabolic function, little is known about the neural or molecular basis underlying integration these processes. D. melanogaster potently suppress in response to starvation, powerful genetic tools allow mechanistic investigation sleep-metabolism interactions. We have previously identified neurons expressing neuropeptide leucokinin (Lk) as being required starvation-mediated changes sleep. Here, we demonstrate an essential role Lk regulation The activity modulated by feeding, with reduced glucose increased under starvation conditions. Both silencing laser-mediated microablation localize Lk-dependent a single pair within Lateral Horn (LHLK neurons). A targeted screen 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) starvation-modulated Knockdown AMPK suppresses increases LHLK neuron fed flies, phenocopying state. Further, find requirement receptor insulin-producing cells (IPCs), suggesting LHLK-IPC connectivity critical starved Taken together, findings feeding-state-dependent fruit fly brain provide system investigating cellular

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Morning and Evening Circadian Pacemakers Independently Drive Premotor Centers via a Specific Dopamine Relay DOI Creative Commons
Xitong Liang, Margaret C.W. Ho, Yajun Zhang

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(4), P. 843 - 857.e4

Published: April 10, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology DOI Creative Commons
Katharina Beer, Charlotte Helfrich‐Förster

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding the laboratory are easy. circadian clock neuroanatomy D. one of best-known networks insects basic behavior has been characterized detail this insect. Another chronobiology honey bee Apis mellifera , which diurnal foraging described already early twentieth century. A. hallmarks research on interplay between sociality complex behaviors like sun compass navigation time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there aspects structure function, for example role photoperiodism diapause, can be only insufficiently investigated these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or ezoana cosmopolitan do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, bees go into “real” but most solitary species exhibit obligatory Furthermore, evolved different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might misleading to study social Consequently, additional non-model required understand Diptera Hymenoptera. In review, we introduce compare them with other show their advantages limitations general models insect clocks.

Language: Английский

Citations

91