Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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Fat Body—Multifunctional Insect Tissue

Insects, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 547 - 547

Published: June 11, 2021

The biodiversity of useful organisms, e.g., insects, decreases due to many environmental factors and increasing anthropopressure. Multifunctional tissues, such as the fat body, are key elements in proper functioning invertebrate organisms resistance factors. body is center metabolism, integrating signals, controlling molting metamorphosis, synthesizing hormones that control whole synthesis immune system proteins. In cells, lipids, carbohydrates proteins substrates products pathways can be used for energy production, accumulate reserves, mobilize at appropriate stage life (diapause, flight), determining survival an individual. main tissue responsible innate acquired humoral immunity. produces bactericidal polypeptides, i.e., lysozyme. also important early stages insect’s production vitellogenin, yolk protein needed development oocytes. Although a lot information available on its structure biochemistry, interesting research topic which much still discovered.

Language: Английский

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Benchmarking AlphaFold2 on peptide structure prediction

Structure, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 111 - 119.e2

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects: from genes to the metabolite window

Glycobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 262 - 273

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Abstract Trehalose is a major circulatory sugar in the haemolymph of insects. It provides instant energy and protection against stress. metabolism associated with insect growth development. The architecture spatio-temporal expression dynamics trehalose transport genes are key for regulation. These controlled by various transcription factors, largely linked to nutrition, development, metamorphosis. Also, levels affected substrate affinities modifications enzymes involved pathway. A feedback mechanism involving precursors products can regulate metabolism. Further, neuroendocrine system controls under normal stressed conditions producing different hormones. Hypotrehalosemic hormones work surplus activate uptake degradation. In contrast, hypertrehalosemic stimulate production fat body its haemolymph. However, regulation insects needs be studied detail. This review discusses aspects synthesis, transport, degradation developmental transition stress response. Unraveling epigenetic transcriptional control chemical or genetic modulators provide further insights into intricate development- tissue-specific manner. molecular information about effectors regulators applied developing diverse biotechnological applications.

Language: Английский

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Dietary cysteine drives body fat loss via FMRFamide signaling in Drosophila and mouse

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 434 - 447

Published: April 13, 2023

Abstract Obesity imposes a global health threat and calls for safe effective therapeutic options. Here, we found that protein-rich diet significantly reduced body fat storage in fruit flies, which was largely attributed to dietary cysteine intake. Mechanistically, increased the production of neuropeptide FMRFamide (FMRFa). Enhanced FMRFa activity simultaneously promoted energy expenditure suppressed food intake through its cognate receptor (FMRFaR), both contributing loss effect. In body, signaling lipolysis by increasing PKA lipase activity. sweet-sensing gustatory neurons, appetitive perception hence We also demonstrated worked similar way mice via FF (NPFF) signaling, mammalian RFamide peptide. addition, or FMRFa/NPFF administration provided protective effect against metabolic stress flies without behavioral abnormalities. Therefore, our study reveals novel target development therapies obesity related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine factors modulating vitellogenesis and oogenesis in insects: An update

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 587, P. 112211 - 112211

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Endocrine regulation of immunity in insects

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 288(13), P. 3928 - 3947

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Organisms have constant contact with potentially harmful agents that can compromise their fitness. However, most of the times these fail to cause serious disease by virtue rapid and efficient immune responses elicited in host range from behavioural adaptations system triggering. The insects does not comprise adaptive arm, making it less complex than vertebrates, but key aspects activation regulation innate immunity are conserved across different phyla. This is case for hormonal as a part broad organismal external conditions under internal states. In insects, depending on physiological circumstances, distinct hormones either enhance or suppress response integrating individual (and often collective) physiologically behaviourally. this review, we provide an overview our current knowledge endocrine its mechanisms implications metabolic adaptation behaviour. We highlight importance multilayered survival reproduction (fitness) dependence integration other life‐history traits.

Language: Английский

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The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9, P. e12563 - e12563

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals significant ecological functions, for example they pollinators many types plants. However, also direct influence on human life in different manners. They high medical veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors disease infection wounds necrotic tissue; plant pests, parasitoids predators whose activities can agriculture. In addition, use treatments, such maggot therapy gangrene wounds, has grown considerably. uses forensic science to determine minimum post-mortem interval provide valuable information about movement body, cause death, drug use, or poisoning. It proposed that may be used model replace mammal systems research. The present review describes free fatty acids (FFAs) key physiological processes insects. By focusing insects medical, we limited our description those important point view insect control; study examines effects reproduction resistance adverse abiotic (low temperature) biotic (pathogens) factors.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Regulation of Lifespan in Insect Diapause

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Diapause is a physiological adaptation to conditions that are unfavorable for growth or reproduction. During diapause, animals become long-lived, stress-resistant, developmentally static, and non-reproductive, in the case of diapausing adults. has been observed at all developmental stages both vertebrates invertebrates. In adults, diapause traits weaken into adaptations such as hibernation, estivation, dormancy, torpor, which represent evolutionarily diverse versions traditional traits. These regulated through modifications endocrine program guiding development. insects, this typically includes changes molting hormones, well metabolic signals limit while skewing organism’s energetic demands toward conservation. While much work done characterize these modifications, interactions between hormones their downstream consequences incompletely understood. The current state endocrinology reviewed here highlight relevance beyond its use model study seasonality Specifically, insect an emerging mechanisms determine lifespan. induction represents dramatic change normal progression age. Hormones juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, prothoracicotropic hormone well-known modulate plasticity. diapause—and by extension, cessation aging—is coordinated pathways. However, research directly connecting biology aging lacking. This review explores connections perspective signaling. fields suggests appreciable overlap will greatly contribute our understanding lifespan determination.

Language: Английский

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Fat enough for the winter? Does nutritional status affect diapause?

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 104488 - 104488

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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