Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 733, P. 137782 - 137782

Published: March 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Language: Английский

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Global challenges for seagrass conservation

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 48(8), P. 801 - 815

Published: Nov. 19, 2018

Seagrasses, flowering marine plants that form underwater meadows, play a significant global role in supporting food security, mitigating climate change and biodiversity. Although progress is being made to conserve seagrass meadows select areas, most remain under pressure resulting decline meadow condition loss of function. Effective management strategies need be implemented reverse enhance their fundamental coastal ocean habitats. Here we propose globally face series common challenges must addressed from multifaceted interdisciplinary perspective order achieve conservation meadows. The six main are (1) lack awareness what seagrasses limited societal recognition the importance systems; (2) status many unknown, up-to-date information on essential; (3) understanding threatening activities at local scales required target actions accordingly; (4) expanding our interactions between socio-economic ecological elements systems essential balance needs people planet; (5) research should expanded generate scientific inquiries support actions; (6) increased linkages adapt accordingly. We also explicitly outline proposed policy will enable community rise these challenges. urge engage stakeholders resource users international policy-makers address outlined here, secure future world’s ecosystems maintain vital services which they supply.

Language: Английский

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The functional complex network approach to foster forest resilience to global changes

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 9, 2019

Human impacts on Earth's ecosystems have greatly intensified in the last decades. This is reflected unexpected disturbance events, as well new and increasing socio-economic demands, all of which are affecting resilience forest worldwide provision important ecosystem services. Anthropocene era forcing us to reconsider past current management silvicultural practices, search for ones that more flexible better at dealing with uncertainty brought about by these accelerating cumulative global changes. Here, we briefly review focus limitations practices mainly developed Europe North America. We then discuss some recent promising concepts, such managing forests complex adaptive systems, approaches based resilience, functional diversity, assisted migration multi-species plantations, propose a novel approach integrate functionality species-traits into network multi-scale way manage Anthropocene. takes consideration high level associated future environmental societal It relies quantification dynamic monitoring diversity indices network. Using this approach, most efficient can be determined, where, what scale, intensity landscape-scale resistance, capacity changes improved.

Language: Английский

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Shifting the conservation paradigm: a synthesis of options for renovating nature under climate change

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 89(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2018

Abstract Changes in Earth's climate are accelerating, prompting increasing calls to ensure that investments ecological restoration and nature conservation accommodate such changes. To acknowledge this need, we propose the term “ecological renovation” describe management actions actively allow for environmental change. evaluate progress development of renovation related intervention options a change context, reviewed literature established typology have been proposed. We explored how these address emerging principles underpinning climate‐adapted goals whether balance approaches reflected our is likely be sufficient given expected rapid rates Our recognizes matrix 23 option types arranged on basis mechanisms (“ameliorate changing conditions” or “build adaptive capacity”) one axis, tools used manipulate them (“low regrets” “climate targeted”) other. Despite burgeoning since 2008, found majority effort has consistently focused low‐regrets adaptation aim build capacity. This many ways desirable, but paradigm shift enabling greater attention climate‐targeted needed as accelerates. When assessed against five setting climate, only type could deliver all five, identified conflict between “wildness” values deeper evaluation. Importantly, much inference 473 studies was drawn from reasoning modeling, with 16% offering new empirical evidence. also noted significant biases toward North America Europe, forest ecosystems, trees, vertebrates. limitations help humans “renovators” rather than “restorers” prior world, researchers contribute by (1) informing societal discourse adapting change, (2) adjusting upscaling planning suite goals, (3) reconceptualizing experimental increase evidence expedite innovation

Language: Английский

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Contributions of Quaternary botany to modern ecology and biogeography

Plant Ecology & Diversity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(3-4), P. 189 - 385

Published: May 4, 2019

Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils (e.g. tree stumps), macrofossils seeds, leaves), and microfossils pollen, spores) preserved in peat bogs lake sediments. Although have been studied since the late eighteenth century, today is largely dominated by pollen analysis.Quaternary analysis just over 100 years old. It started primarily as a geological tool for correlation, relative dating, climate reconstruction. In 1950 major advance occurred with publication Knut Fægri Johs Iversen of their Text-book Modern Pollen Analysis which provided foundations botanical ecological past dynamics biota biotic systems. The development radiocarbon dating 1950s freed from being dating. As result these developments, became valuable implement long-term ecology biogeography.Selected contributions that has made to biogeography are reviewed. They fall into four general parts: (1) aspects interglacial glacial stages such location nature glacial-stage refugia soil glaciated unglaciated areas; (2) responses environmental change (spreading, extinction, persistence, adaptation); (3) topics potential niches, vegetation, forest dynamics; (4) its application human impact tropical systems, conservation changing world, island palaeoecology, plant–animal interactions, biodiversity patterns time.The future briefly discussed 10 suggestions presented help strengthen it links biogeography. much contribute when used conjunction new approaches ancient-DNA, molecular biomarkers, multi-proxy palaeoecology.

Language: Английский

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Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6471)

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

Measuring mitigation and adaptation As more carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, humans natural world are beset by damaging consequences of a rapidly changing climate. Natural seminatural ecosystems likely to be best starting place for immediate solutions. First, though, many environments need restoration maximize their own resilience climate change. In reviewing our options, Morecroft et al. point out that we can directly observe success strategies quantifying atmospheric dioxide. Successful challenging because it involves range social biodiversity measures. However, could make matters worse if do not constantly monitor effects interventions devise react flexibly as conditions unfold. Science , this issue p. eaaw9256

Language: Английский

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Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 3251 - 3267

Published: March 28, 2020

Climate change is increasingly impacting marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks, yet adaptation strategies are rarely incorporated into design management plans according to the primary scientific literature. Here we review state of knowledge for adapting existing future MPAs climate synthesize case studies (n = 27) how conservation planning can respond shifting environmental conditions. First, derive a generalized framework based on five published frameworks that incorporate inform design. We then summarize examples from literature assess goals were defined, vulnerability assessments performed or new MPAs. Our analysis revealed 82% real-world in tropical reefs, highlighting need research other ecosystems habitat types. found contrasting recommendations at stage, either focusing only refugia, aiming representative protection encompassing full range expected impacts. Recommendations more unified focused adaptative approaches. Lastly, evaluate common barriers adopting reviewing which conducted interviews with managers practitioners. This highlights lack evaluating different shortcomings current governance structures as two major barriers, discuss these could be overcome. provides comprehensive synthesis frameworks, studies, actions coordinated global effort adapt networks continued change.

Language: Английский

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Multiscale exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics in China's largest urban agglomeration: An interactive coupling perspective on human activity intensity and ecosystem health

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 376, P. 124375 - 124375

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Resilience of Complex Systems: State of the Art and Directions for Future Research

Complexity, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2018(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

This paper reviews the state of art on resilience complex systems by embracing different research areas and using bibliometric tools. The aim is to identify main intellectual communities leading scholars synthesize key knowledge each area. We also carry out a comparison across areas, aimed at analyzing how approached in any field, topic evolved starting from ecological field study, level cross‐fertilization among domains. Our analysis shows that multidisciplinary concept, which particularly important fields environmental science, ecology, engineering. Areas recent increasing interest are operation research, management business, computer science. Except for science fragmented carried isolated groups. Integration not only limited inside but between areas. In particular, we trace citation links find very number, revealing scarce conclude providing some directions future research.

Language: Английский

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A resilience evaluation method for a combined regional agricultural water and soil resource system based on Weighted Mahalanobis distance and a Gray-TOPSIS model

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 667 - 679

Published: May 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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