Newer characters, same story: neonicotinoid insecticides disrupt food webs through direct and indirect effects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46, P. 50 - 56

Published: March 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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IPM reduces insecticide applications by 95% while maintaining or enhancing crop yields through wild pollinator conservation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(44)

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Significance Environmental damage from insecticide overuse is a major concern, particularly for conservation of “good” insects such as pollinators that ensure stable production food crops like fruits and vegetables. However, insecticides are also necessary farmers to manage “bad” (i.e., pests), thus, more holistic view crop management needs account the proper balance between beneficial detrimental aspects pesticides. Here, we used multiyear field experiments with paired corn–watermelon cropping system show use can be dramatically reduced (by ∼95%) while maintaining or even increasing yields through wild bees pollinators. These data demonstrate ecosystem sustainability not necessarily conflicting goals.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoids pose undocumented threats to food webs

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(37), P. 22609 - 22613

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

One of the main lessons that emerged from Silent Spring (1) is we overuse pesticides at our own peril because human and natural environments are unquestionably linked. It time to revisit these given current use patterns neonicotinoid insecticides. Neonicotinoids pose broader risks biodiversity food webs than previously recognized. Serious efforts must be made decrease scale their use. Image credit: Shutterstock/lantapix. Since introduction in early 1990s, neonicotinoids have become most widely used insecticides world. Their toxicity allows less active ingredients and, compared with older classes insecticides, they appear relatively low vertebrates, particularly mammals (2). Neonicotinoids been repeatedly called “perfect” for crop protection (2). Yet recent research calls this perfection into doubt as widespread environmental contaminants causing unexpected nontarget effects. In particular, researchers found can move treated plants pollinators pests enemies. Worse, transmission through simple chains portends widespread, undocumented entire webs. We believe Although further needed document ecosystem-wide consequences establish true costs benefits, serious use. In 2014, market exceeded $3 billion accounted about 25% global pesticide (3). popular part very good what do. fact, among toxic ever developed. The ingredient imidacloprid, example, 10,000 times more potent insects nicotine, biological inspiration a compound … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may addressed. Email: sdfrank{at}ncsu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Language: Английский

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Alternative Strategies for Controlling Wireworms in Field Crops: A Review

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 436 - 436

Published: May 11, 2021

Wireworms, the soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), comprise major pests several crops worldwide, including maize and potatoes. The current trend towards reduction in pesticides use has resulted strong demand for alternative methods to control wireworm populations. This review provides a state-of-the-art theory practice order develop new agroecological strategies. first step should be conduct risk assessment based on production context (e.g., crop, climate, soil characteristics, landscape) adult and/or larval population monitoring. When damage appears significant, prophylactic practices can applied reduce abundance low rotations, tilling, irrigation). Additionally, curative natural enemies naturally derived insecticides are, respectively, under development or some countries. Alternatively, may target crop instead pest through adoption selected cultural resistant varieties, planting harvesting time) manipulation behavior companion plants). Practices combined global Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework provide desired level protection.

Language: Английский

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Chronic effects of clothianidin to non-target soil invertebrates: Ecological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 419, P. 126491 - 126491

Published: June 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Resolving the twin human and environmental health hazards of a plant-based diet

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 106081 - 106081

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

Food can be health-giving. A global transition towards plant-based diets may equally help curb carbon emissions, slow land-system change and conserve finite resources. Yet, projected benefits of such 'planetary health' imperfectly capture the environmental or societal health outcomes tied to food production. Here, we examine pesticide-related hazards fruit vegetable consumption, list proven management alternatives per commodity, geography chemical compound. Across countries, pesticide use in these alleged healthful foods is extensive with up 97% items containing residues 42% posing dietary risks consumers. Multiple are present 70–92% US- China-grown stone while 58% US cauliflower tainted neonicotinoid insecticides. Science-based decision-support frameworks producers reduce potential harm by deliberately abstaining from use. As such, opportunities abound advance 'win-win' that simultaneously nurture human biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Early‐season plant cover supports more effective pest control than insecticide applications

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: March 28, 2022

Growing evidence suggests that conservation agricultural practices, like no-till and cover crops, help protect annual crops from insect pests by supporting populations of resident arthropod predators. While adoption practices is growing, most field crop producers are also using more insecticides, including neonicotinoid seed coatings, as insurance against early-season pests. This tactic may disrupt benefits associated with reducing arthropods contribute to biological control. We investigated the interaction between preventive pest management (PPM) practice cropping. an alternative approach, integrated (IPM), which responds risk, rather than insecticides prophylactically. In a 3-year corn (Zea mays L.)-soy (Glycine max L.) rotation, we measured response invertebrate predators PPM IPM without crop. Using any insecticide provided some small reduction plant damage in soy, but no yield benefit. corn, vegetative early season was key density damage, likely increasing abundance Further, year 1 decreased predation compared no-pest-management Contrary our expectation, strategy, required just one application, disruptive predator community PPM, because applied pyrethroid acutely toxic wider range neonicotinoids. Promoting effective at either intervention-based strategy. Our results suggest best outcomes occur when control encouraged planting avoiding broad-spectrum much possible. As part conservation-based approach farming, can promote natural-enemy provide populations.

Language: Английский

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Pest Elaterids of North America: New Insights and Opportunities for Management

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 1 - 20

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

The larval stages of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species, several which are serious agricultural pests, called wireworms. Their cryptic subterranean habitat, resilience, among-species differences in ecology and biology, broad host range, as well the lack objective economic injury thresholds, have rendered wireworms a challenging pest complex to control. Significant progress has been made recent years, introducing new effective class insecticides improving species identification our understanding species-specific phenology, chemical (i.e., adult sex pheromones olfactory cues), abiotic biotic factors influencing efficacy biological control agents. These developments created opportunities for further research into risk assessment, monitoring, integrated management capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Germination response of Oat (Avena sativa L.) to temperature and salinity using halothermal time model

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100263 - 100263

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Seed germination is a complex physiological process influenced by abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity along with other biological and physical means. Halothermal time model (HaloTT) permitted quantitative assessment of seed at different water potential (ψ) temperature (T). The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability HaloTT find cardinal values for oats under various Ts ψs. Avena sativa L. Var. Swan seeds were incubated seven constant five ψs prepared through sodium chloride (NaCl) Plant Physiology Lab., University Peshawar, Pakistan. measured 10, 30 40°C base (Tb), optimum (To) ceiling (Tc) temperatures correspondingly in distilled (0 MPa). maximum halotime (θHalo) was recorded 48 MPa°Ch−1 30°C highest value thermal rate observed -2.0MPa 40°C. Germination percentage (GP), index (GRI), energy (GE), coefficient velocity (CVG), timson (TGI), mean (MGR) variation (CVt) 0MPa 30°C, while minimum Contrarily high (MGT) 50% (T50%) reported -1.5MPa 10 40°C, (0MPa) lowest 25 30°C. Thus, we concluded that precisely interpret responses across may be used an accurate simple method predict parameters natural field conditions.

Language: Английский

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Insecticides may facilitate the escape of weeds from biological control

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e18597 - e18597

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Preventative pesticide seed treatments (hereafter preventative pest management or PPM) are common corn and soybean treatments, often include both fungicides neonicotinoid insecticides. While PPM is intended to protect crops from soil-borne pathogens early season insect pests, these may have detrimental effects on biological control of weed seeds by insects. Here, in two 3-year corn-soy rotations Pennsylvania USA, we investigated a approach compared an integrated (IPM) "no (insect) management" (NPM) control. This was crossed with grass cover crop see if this conservation practice can help recover the ecosystem services affected chemical practices. We hypothesized that IPM approaches would release insects but increase measured effect weed-seed bank, mid-season biomass, granivorous activity-density, predation. found that, contrary our hypothesis, planting decreased carabid activity-density without consistent differences Pest also had inconsistent bank insecticide use increased biomass likely glyphosate-resistant marestail (Erigeron canadensis L.) at end trial. Our results suggest reducing be important when combating herbicide-resistant weeds. and/or avoiding insecticides combat problematic

Language: Английский

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