Unraveling the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Diseases
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 2333 - 2333
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
The
human
gut
is
a
complex
ecosystem
that
supports
billions
of
living
species,
including
bacteria,
viruses,
archaea,
phages,
fungi,
and
unicellular
eukaryotes.
Bacteria
give
genes
enzymes
for
microbial
host-produced
compounds,
establishing
symbiotic
link
between
the
external
environment
host
at
both
systemic
levels.
microbiome,
which
primarily
made
up
commensal
critical
maintaining
healthy
host's
immune
system,
aiding
digestion,
synthesizing
essential
nutrients,
protecting
against
pathogenic
as
well
influencing
endocrine,
neural,
humoral,
immunological
functions
metabolic
pathways.
Qualitative,
quantitative,
and/or
topographic
shifts
can
alter
resulting
in
dysbiosis
dysfunction,
contribute
to
variety
noncommunicable
illnesses,
hypertension,
cardiovascular
disease,
obesity,
diabetes,
inflammatory
bowel
cancer,
irritable
syndrome.
While
most
evidence
date
observational
does
not
establish
direct
causation,
ongoing
clinical
trials
advanced
genomic
techniques
are
steadily
enhancing
our
understanding
these
intricate
interactions.
This
review
will
explore
key
aspects
relationship
microbiota,
eubiosis,
health
highlighting
emerging
strategies
microbiome
engineering
potential
therapeutic
approaches
various
conditions.
Language: Английский
Influence of selected dosages of plastic microparticles on the porcine fecal microbiome
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Abstract
Studies
conducted
so
far
have
shown
that
nano-
and
microplastic
may
disturb
the
intestinal
microenvironment
by
interacting
with
epithelium
gut
microbiota.
Depending
on
research
model
used,
effect
microbiome
is
different—an
increase
or
decrease
in
selected
taxa
resulting
development
of
dysbiosis.
Dysbiosis
be
associated
inflammation,
mental
disorders
diabetes.
The
aim
study
was
to
analyze
15
gilts
divided
into
3
groups
(n
=
5;
control
group,
receiving
micropartices
at
a
dose
0.1
g/day
(LD)
1
(HD)).
Feaces
were
collected
before
after
28
days
exposure
PET
microplastics.
analysis
performed
using
next-generation
sequencing.
Alpha
beta
diversity
indices
compared,
showing,
repetition
affected
only
abundance
LD
groups,
but
not
HD
group.
relationships
between
number
reads
phylum,
genus
species
level
calculated
statistical
methods
(
r
-Pearson
correlation,
generalized
regression
model,
variance).
revealed,
populations
Family
XIII
AD3011
group
,
Coprococcus
V9D2013
UCG-010
Sphaerochaeta
increased
increasing
MP-PET
dose.
above-mentioned
are
mainly
responsible
for
production
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFA).
It
assumed,
SCFA
one
mechanisms
involved
response
oral
MP-PET.
Language: Английский
Local and systemic effects of microplastic particles through cell damage, release of chemicals and drugs, dysbiosis, and interference with the absorption of nutrients
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 30
Published: Sept. 26, 2024
Microplastic
particles
(MPs)
have
been
detected
in
a
variety
of
environmental
samples,
including
soil,
water,
food,
and
air.
Cellular
studies
animal
exposures
reported
that
exposure
to
MPs
composed
different
polymers
might
result
adverse
effects
at
the
portal
entry
(local)
or
throughout
body
(systemic).
The
most
relevant
routes
particle
uptake
into
are
oral
respiratory
exposure.
This
review
describes
various
processes
may
contribute
MPs.
Only
up
5
µm
were
found
cross
epithelial
barriers
significant
extent.
However,
also
exert
detrimental
impact
on
human
health
by
acting
barrier
within
lumen
orogastrointestinal
tract.
potential
for
resulting
from
leaching,
sorption,
desorption
chemicals,
as
well
nutritional
status
dysbiosis,
reviewed.
Language: Английский
New Insights in Microplastic Cellular Uptake Through a Cell-Based Organotypic Rainbow-Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Platform
Cells,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 44 - 44
Published: Jan. 3, 2025
Microplastics
(MPs)
in
fish
can
cross
the
intestinal
barrier
and
are
often
bioaccumulated
several
tissues,
causing
adverse
effects.
While
impacts
of
MPs
on
well
documented,
mechanisms
their
cellular
internalization
remain
unclear.
A
rainbow-trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
platform,
comprising
proximal
distal
epithelial
cells
cultured
an
Alvetex
scaffold,
was
exposed
to
50
mg/L
(size
1–5
µm)
for
2,
4,
6
h.
MP
uptake
faster
RTpi-MI
compared
RTdi-MI.
Exposure
microplastics
compromised
integrity
by
disrupting
tight-junction
protein
zonula
occludens-1,
inducing
significant
decreases
transepithelial-electrical-resistance
(TEER)
values.
Consequently,
were
internalized
fibroblasts.
The
expression
genes
related
endocytosis
(cltca,
cav1),
macropinocytosis
(rac1),
tight
junctions’
formation
(oclna,
cldn3a,
ZO-1)
analyzed.
No
differences
observed
cltca,
oclna,
cldn3a
expression,
while
upregulation
cav1,
rac1,
ZO-1
detected,
suggesting
as
route
internalization,
since
also
cav1
indirectly
this
mechanism.
obtained
results
consistent
with
data
previously
reported
vivo,
confirming
its
validity
identifying
pathways.
This
could
help
develop
strategies
mitigate
absorption
through
ingestion.
Language: Английский
Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastic Differentially Affects the Colon and Liver in Adult Male Mice
Environmental Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
ABSTRACT
Microplastics
(MPs)
have
emerged
as
novel
environmental
pollutant.
Their
ubiquity
in
natural
environments
and
the
global
dissemination
of
plastic
particles
through
food
drink
led
to
oral
ingestion
these
by
all
kinds
living
organism.
In
this
investigation,
male
mice
were
subjected
exposure
2
μm
virgin
PS‐MPs
for
6
weeks.
To
accomplish
this,
36
adult
NMRI
gavaged
with
at
concentrations
0.01,
0.1,
1
mg/kg
body
weight.
A
control
group
was
also
accounted
for,
which
received
0.1
mL
distilled
water.
The
results
show
that
activity
antioxidant
enzymes
(superoxide
dismutase,
catalase,
glutathione
peroxidase)
decreased,
while
level
malondialdehyde
increased
colon
liver.
Additionally,
findings
showed
can
disrupt
integrity
intestinal
barrier
inhibit
secretion
mucus
mice,
mucin
secretion,
cause
changes
tissue
structure
Further
information
regarding
toxicity
MPs
a
terrestrial
organism
obtained
study,
assist
evaluation
potential
health
hazards
may
pose
organisms.
Language: Английский
Unraveling the Impact of Micro- and Nano-sized Polymethyl methacrylate on Gut Microbiota and Liver Lipid Metabolism: Insights from Oral Exposure Studies
Peng Chen Zheng,
No information about this author
Xin Pan,
No information about this author
Yi Zhou
No information about this author
et al.
Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 126157 - 126157
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Nanoplastic exposure affects the intestinal microbiota of adult Drosophila flies
Arnau Rocabert,
No information about this author
Joan Martín-Pérez,
No information about this author
Laia Pareras
No information about this author
et al.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
980, P. 179545 - 179545
Published: April 30, 2025
Micro-
and
nanoplastics
(MNPLs)
are
emerging
environmental
pollutants
that
have
garnered
significant
attention
over
the
past
few
decades
due
to
their
detrimental
effects
on
human
health
through
various
exposure
pathways.
This
study
investigates
impact
of
MNPLs
gut
microbiota,
utilizing
Drosophila
melanogaster
as
a
model
organism.
was
selected
for
its
microbiota's
similarities
humans
established
role
an
accessible
well-characterized
system.
To
analyze
full-length
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing
performed
using
Nanopore
platform,
enabling
comprehensive
profiling
microbial
populations
present
in
samples.
As
models
MNPLs,
two
commercial
polystyrene
(PS-NPLs,
61.20
415.22
nm)
one
lab-made
polylactic
acid
nanoplastic
(PLA-NPLs,
463.90
were
selected.
positive
control,
zinc
oxide
nanoparticles
(ZnO-NPs)
used.
The
observed
findings
revealed
induced
notable
alterations
including
reduction
bacterial
abundance
shifts
species
composition.
These
results
suggest
can
lead
dysbiosis
potential
disruptions
interaction,
either
with
epithelial
barrier
or
directly
resident
microorganisms.
Language: Английский
Exploring Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Lung Tissues of Offspring Rats Exposed to Prenatal Polystyrene Microplastics: Effects of Melatonin Treatment
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 1459 - 1459
Published: Nov. 28, 2024
Metabolomics
research
provides
a
clearer
understanding
of
an
organism’s
metabolic
state
and
enables
more
accurate
representation
its
functional
performance.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
changes
in
the
metabolome
lung
tissues
resulting
from
prenatal
exposure
polystyrene
microplastics
(PS-MPs)
understand
underlying
mechanisms
damage
rat
offspring.
We
conducted
metabolomic
analyses
tissue
seven-day-old
pups
exposed
PS-MPs.
Our
findings
revealed
that
PS-MPs
led
significantly
increased
oxidative
stress
tissues,
characterized
by
notable
imbalances
nucleic
acid
metabolism
altered
profiles
specific
amino
acids.
Furthermore,
we
evaluated
therapeutic
effects
melatonin
treatment
on
function
120-day-old
offspring
found
improved
histologic
change
affected
valuable
biological
insights
into
caused
exposure.
Future
studies
should
focus
validating
results
animal
experiments
humans,
exploring
additional
melatonin,
developing
suitable
protocols
for
clinical
use.
Language: Английский
Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics on the Reproductive System, Intestinal Structure, and Microflora in Male and Female Mice
Yang-Kai-Xin Yang,
No information about this author
Shu-Jun Ge,
No information about this author
Qi-Ling Su
No information about this author
et al.
Veterinary Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 488 - 488
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
The
pervasive
use
of
plastics
in
numerous
industrial
sectors
has
resulted
the
circulation
microplastics
across
diverse
ecosystems
and
food
chains,
giving
rise
to
mounting
concerns
regarding
their
potential
adverse
impacts
on
biological
systems
environment.
objective
this
experiment
was
investigate
distinct
effects
microplastic-polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
exposure
reproductive
system,
intestinal
tissue
structure,
microbial
flora
both
male
female
mice.
A
total
24
4-week-old
Kunming
mice
were
randomly
assigned
one
four
groups:
control
group
(CM),
(CF),
PVC
test
(PVCM),
(PVCF)
(n
=
6).
findings
revealed
that
terms
PVCM
exhibited
an
impaired
testicular
structure
with
irregular
arrangement
a
significant
reduction
spermatogonia,
spermatocytes,
spermatozoa
within
seminiferous
tubules
(p
<
0.01).
PVCF
notable
decrease
ovarian
follicles
0.01),
accompanied
by
uterus
volume,
fallopian
tube
muscle
layer
thickness,
all
which
also
decreased
significantly
In
comparison
groups,
width
height
villi,
increase
crypt
depth.
This
led
alteration
ratio
villus
depth
(V/C)
Moreover,
species
diversity
observed
groups;
additionally,
it
contrasting
changes
relative
abundance
functional
gene
profiles
among
major
constituents.
summary,
indicate
induces
damage
digestive
systems,
further
exhibiting
sex-dependent
mouse
microflora
composition,
correlates
its
impact
organs.
Language: Английский
Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(23), P. 12646 - 12646
Published: Nov. 25, 2024
The
widespread
use
of
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
and
its
entry
into
humans
livestock
is
serious
concern.
In
our
study,
we
investigated
the
impact
PVC
treatments
on
physiological,
pathological,
hormonal,
microbiota
changes
in
female
rabbits.
Trend-like
alterations
weight
were
observed
spleen,
liver,
kidney
both
low
(P1)
high
dose
(P2)
treatment
groups.
Histopathological
examination
revealed
exfoliation
intestinal
mucosa
treated
groups
compared
to
control,
microplastic
particles
penetrated
embedded
spleen.
Furthermore,
P1
P2
showed
increased
17-beta-estradiol
(E2)
hormone
levels,
indicating
early
sexual
maturation.
Moreover,
elevated
tumor
necrosis
factor
alpha
(TNF-α)
levels
suggest
inflammatory
reactions
associated
with
treatment.
Genus-level
analyses
gut
group
several
genera
or
decreased
abundance.
conclusion,
significant
trend-like
correlations
demonstrated
between
content
feed
parameters.
To
knowledge,
this
first
study
investigate
broad-spectrum
effects
exposure
These
results
highlight
potential
health
risks
exposure,
warranting
further
investigations
animals
humans.
Language: Английский