Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. e0010062 - e0010062

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease after malaria in terms of public health and social-economic impacts. A peculiar feature these dioecious parasites is their ability to produce viable fertile hybrid offspring. Originally only present tropics, schistosomiasis now also endemic southern Europe. Based on analysis two genetic markers European schistosomes had previously been identified as hybrids between livestock- human-infective species Schistosoma bovis haematobium , respectively. Here, using PacBio long-read sequencing technology we performed genome assembly improvement annotation S . one parental for which no satisfactory was available. We then describe whole introgression levels schistosomes, morphometric parameters (eggs adult worms) compatibility with snail strains used vectors ( Bulinus truncatus Planorbarius metidjensis ). Schistosome-snail a key parameter life cycle progression, thus capability parasite establish given area. Our results show that this strongly introgressed genetically, composed 77% 23% origin. This genomic admixture suggests an ancient hybridization event subsequent backcrosses human-specific species, before its introduction Corsica. egg morphology (commonly diagnostic) does not allow accurate identification while tests do.

Language: Английский

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Population Genetic Structure and Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 425 - 425

Published: March 31, 2022

Background: Schistosomiasis is a major poverty-related disease caused by dioecious parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma with health impact on both humans and animals. Hybrids human urogenital schistosome bovine intestinal have been reported in several Nigeria’s neighboring West African countries. No empirical studies carried out genomic diversity haematobium Nigeria. Here, we present novel data presence prevalence hybrids population genetic structure S. haematobium. Methods: 165 Schistosoma-positive urine samples were obtained from 12 sampling sites eggs each sample hatched individual miracidium was picked preserved Whatman® FTA cards for analysis. Approximately 1364 parasites molecularly characterized rapid diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR) mitochondrial DNA gene (Cox1 mtDNA) subset 1136 miracidia genotyped using panel 18 microsatellite markers. Results: significant difference observed (p > 0.05), though allelic richness except 7, 8, 9 < 0.05). Moreover, two clusters populations: west (populations 1−4) east 7−12). Of genotyped, 1212 (89%) showed an bovis Cox1 profile 152 (11%) cox1 profile. All some at 3 4. full genotyping 59.3% ITS2 allele. Conclusions: This study provides insight into hybridization Our findings suggest that x are common More human- animal-infecting needed to ascertain role animals transmission.

Language: Английский

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Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 26, 2022

Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, study aims to verify presence such hybrids Cameroonian humans, describe structure populations on a large geographic scale, examine impact these genetic diversity populations.From January April 2019, urine from infected children was collected ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were eggs urine. To detect among miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population assessed by genotyping each miracidium with panel 14 microsatellite markers. Gene measured using heterozygosity allelic richness indexes, analyzed paired Fst, PCA Bayesian approaches.Of 1327 studied, 88.7% identified pure genotypes (Sh_Sh/Sh) while remaining 11.3% (7.0% Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% Sb_Sb/Sh 0.4% Sb_Sh/Sb). No has genotype bovis. Allelic ranged 5.55 (Loum population) 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) differed significantly Mean 53.7% (Loum) 59% (Matta Barrage) no significant difference. The overall differentiation inferred either principal component analysis or approach shows partial structure. Southern Matta clearly separated other localities but northern limited, certainly due proximity sites.Hybrids that hatched present schoolchildren. percentages correlated parasite, indicating increases our sampling sites. Hybridization is therefore major biological process shapes haematobium.

Language: Английский

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Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1887)

Published: Aug. 20, 2023

The past three years has seen the launch of a new World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) roadmap, together with revised control and elimination guidelines. Across all, there is now clear emphasis on need to incorporate One approach, recognizing critical links between human animal health environment. Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp. trematodes, NTD global medical veterinary importance, over 220 million people untold millions livestock currently infected. Its burden remains extremely high in certain regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa, despite two decades mass preventive chemotherapy (mass drug administration), predominantly school-aged children. In contrast Asia, any zoonotic component schistosomiasis transmission its implications for disease has, until recently, been largely ignored. Here, we review recent epidemiological, clinical, molecular, modelling work across both Asia Africa. We outline evolutionary history dynamics species, emphasize emerging risk raised wildlife reservoirs viable hybridization schistosomes. To achieve 2030 WHO roadmap targets, truly multi-disciplinary perspective must be implemented. This article part theme issue ‘Challenges opportunities fight against diseases: decade from London Declaration NTDs’.

Language: Английский

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Hybridized Zoonotic Schistosoma Infections Result in Hybridized Morbidity Profiles: A Clinical Morbidity Study amongst Co-Infected Human Populations of Senegal

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 1776 - 1776

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Hybridization of infectious agents is a major emerging public and veterinary health concern at the interface evolution, epidemiology, control. Whilst evidence extent hybridization amongst parasites increasing, their impact on morbidity remains largely unknown. This may be predicted to particularly pertinent where animals with contrasting pathogenicity viably hybridize human parasites. Recent research has revealed that viable zoonotic hybrids between urogenital Schistosoma haematobium intestinal species livestock, notably bovis, can highly prevalent across Africa beyond. Examining populations in Senegal, we found increased hepatic but decreased morbidity, reduced improvement following treatment praziquantel, those infected compared non-hybrids. Our results have implications for effective monitoring evaluation control programmes, demonstrate first time potential parasite hybridizations host morbidity.

Language: Английский

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Genomic analysis of a parasite invasion: Colonization of the Americas by the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 2242 - 2263

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Abstract Schistosoma mansoni , a snail‐borne, blood fluke that infects humans, was introduced into the Americas from Africa during Trans‐Atlantic slave trade. As this parasite shows strong specificity to snail intermediate host, we expected adaptation South American Biomphalaria spp. snails would result in population bottlenecks and signatures of selection. We scored 475,081 single nucleotide variants 143 S. (Brazil, Guadeloupe Puerto Rico) (Cameroon, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda), used these data ask: (i) Was there bottleneck colonization? (ii) Can identify selection associated with (iii) What were source populations for colonizing parasites? found 2.4‐ 2.9‐fold reduction diversity much slower decay linkage disequilibrium (LD) parasites East West Africa. However, observed similar nuclear LD Brazil, suggesting no limited barriers colonization. identified five genome regions showing Americas, compared three none Africa, which speculate may reflect Finally, infer unsampled central African between Benin Angola, contributions are probably major source(s) Brazilian . The absence suggests is rare case serendipitous invasion, where pre‐adapted able establish relative ease.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of contemporary hybridization between Schistosoma species

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. e1010706 - e1010706

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Hybridization between different species of parasites is increasingly being recognised as a major public and veterinary health concern at the interface infectious diseases biology, evolution, epidemiology ultimately control. Recent research has revealed that viable hybrids introgressed lineages Schistosoma spp. are prevalent across Africa beyond, including those with zoonotic potential. However, it remains unclear whether these hybrid represent recent hybridization events, suggesting ongoing, and/or they derived from ancient events. In human schistosomiasis, investigation hampered by inaccessibility adult-stage worms due to their intravascular location, an issue which can be circumvented post-mortem livestock abattoirs for known To characterise composition naturally-occurring schistosome hybrids, we performed whole-genome sequencing 21 natural infective isolates. facilitate this, also assembled de novo chromosomal-scale draft assembly curassoni . Genomic analyses identified isolates S bovis , two species, all were early generation multiple generations found within same host. These results show ongoing process populations potential further challenge elimination efforts against schistosomiasis.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide insights into adaptive hybridisation across the Schistosoma haematobium group in West and Central Africa

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. e0010088 - e0010088

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern across sub-Saharan Africa; current control programmes rely on accurate mapping and high mass drug administration (MDA) coverage to attempt disease elimination. Inter-species hybridisation can occur between certain species, changing epidemiological dynamics within endemic regions, which has the potential confound interventions. The impact of is well illustrated in areas Cameroon where urogenital schistosomiasis, primarily due Schistosoma haematobium hybrid infections, now predominate over intestinal schistosomiasis caused by guineensis . Genetic markers have shown ability identify hybrids, however underlying genomic architecture divergence introgression these species yet be established. In this study, restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used archived adult worms initially identified as; bovis ( n = 4), S 9), 3) x hybrids 4) from Mali, Senegal, Niger, São Tomé Cameroon. Genome-wide evidence supports existence populations not been demonstrated island Tomé, all samples showed no with Additionally, isolates Nigeria, Mali indicated signatures Adaptive loci group that voltage-gated calcium ion channels (Ca v ) could play key role increase survivability particularly host systems. Where admixture occurred , excess introgressive influx tegumental (outer helminth body) antigenic genes increased adaptive response leading population fitness viability.

Language: Английский

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Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e1010288 - e1010288

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium and one of most neglected tropical diseases worldwide, afflicting > 100 million people. It characterised granulomata, fibrosis calcification in urogenital tissues, can lead to increased susceptibility HIV/AIDS squamous cell carcinoma bladder. To complement available treatment programs break transmission disease, sound knowledge understanding biology ecology S. required. Hybridisation/introgression events molecular variation among members haematobium-group might effect important biological and/or disease traits as well morbidity effectiveness control including mass drug administration. Here we report first chromosome-contiguous genome for a well-defined laboratory line this fluke. An exploration using transcriptomic data all key developmental stages allowed us refine gene models (including non-coding elements) annotations, discover 'new' genes transcription profiles these stages, likely linked development pathogenesis. Molecular within some geographical locations Africa revealed unique genomic 'signatures' that matched species other than haematobium, indicating occurrence introgression events. The present reference (designated Shae.V3) findings from study solidly underpin future functional investigations accelerate systematic, large-scale population genomics investigations, with focus on improved sustained schistosomiasis.

Language: Английский

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New challenges for the control of human schistosomiasis: The possible impact of wild rodents in Schistosoma mansoni transmission

Acta Tropica, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 106677 - 106677

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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