Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1887)

Published: Aug. 20, 2023

The past three years has seen the launch of a new World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) roadmap, together with revised control and elimination guidelines. Across all, there is now clear emphasis on need to incorporate One approach, recognizing critical links between human animal health environment. Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp. trematodes, NTD global medical veterinary importance, over 220 million people untold millions livestock currently infected. Its burden remains extremely high in certain regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa, despite two decades mass preventive chemotherapy (mass drug administration), predominantly school-aged children. In contrast Asia, any zoonotic component schistosomiasis transmission its implications for disease has, until recently, been largely ignored. Here, we review recent epidemiological, clinical, molecular, modelling work across both Asia Africa. We outline evolutionary history dynamics species, emphasize emerging risk raised wildlife reservoirs viable hybridization schistosomes. To achieve 2030 WHO roadmap targets, truly multi-disciplinary perspective must be implemented. This article part theme issue ‘Challenges opportunities fight against diseases: decade from London Declaration NTDs’.

Language: Английский

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Livestock Reservoir Hosts: An Obscured Threat to Control of Human Schistosomiasis in Nigeria

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 52 - 67

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Schistosomiasis is one of the leading neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Recorded case numbers this chronic and debilitating helminth disease indicate Nigeria to be most endemic country within region. National control efforts have focused intensively on restricting human contact with freshwater sources intermediate host snails. However, limited attention has been paid role livestock as reservoir hosts prevalence transmission schistosomes humans via farmed animals. The West African nations Mali, Senegal, neighbouring Niger, Benin, Cameroon all reported hybridization closely related species Schistosoma haematobium, which infects humans, S. bovis, cattle. As these countries share Niger Benue rivers, their tributaries, there a distinct possibility aquatic snails infected hybrid migrating become established Nigerian river system. Here, we report current state research that aims elucidate key aspects zoonotic schistosomiasis epidemiology. Factors promoting are highlighted, how available measures can optimized address emergence schistosome hybrids discussed.

Language: Английский

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Schistosoma mansoni x S. haematobium hybrids frequently infecting sub-Saharan migrants in southeastern Europe: Egg DNA genotyping assessed by RD-PCR, sequencing and cloning

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0012942 - e0012942

Published: March 31, 2025

Background Globalization and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are increasingly closely linked. In recent years, Spain Southern Europe experiencing a considerable increase in the influx of migrants infected by NTDs, mainly from West African countries. This study focuses on imported schistosomiasis entry into hetero-specific hybrids between two human species, Schistosoma mansoni S. haematobium, causing intestinal urogenital respectively. Methodology/principal findings Individualized genetic identification molecular analysis using RD-PCR, sequencing cloning nuclear rDNA mtDNA 134 eggs was performed, including 41 lateral-spined 84 terminal-spined urine, nine stools. These were recovered six migrant males Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire Mali, who shared ectopic shedding -like their urine. A high hybridization complexity detected these patients, involving three species. The patients x haematobium eggs, also curassoni haematobium- like eggs. SmxSh mostly urine (94.59%), whereas feces detection those less frequent (5.41%). Conclusions/significance contributes to: (i) better understanding heterospecific point view; (ii) it shows frequency with which they entering non-endemic countries, such as consequently Europe; (iii) determines diversity hybrid haplotypes that can occur within single patient, e.g., up to types species different haplotypes; (iv) provides information be considered clinical presentations, diagnosis, responses treatment epidemiological impact relation possible transmission establishment areas.

Language: Английский

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Modelling livestock test-and-treat: A novel One Health strategy to control schistosomiasis and mitigate drug resistance

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is widespread chronic helminthiasis reported in 78 countries, predominantly those within sub-Saharan Africa, as well Latin America, Asia, and most recently, even Europe. Species of the causative blood fluke infect not only humans but also animals, hybrids between previously assumed human-specific animal-specific schistosomes are being increasingly reported. Existing control programs across Africa focus on rely heavily mass drug administration praziquantel, sole available against schistosomiasis. Praziquantel safe highly efficacious could become ineffective if resistance emerges. To reach revised World Health Organization goal elimination schistosomiasis public health problem, interruption transmission selected regions, by 2030, new consideration role animal reservoirs human general, whether to treat livestock with praziquantel particular, has been raised. However, whilst there no dedicated targeting animals outside emerging reports use misuse Africa. Therefore, effectively help mitigate potential evolution resistance, structured strategies required. Here, using modelling approach, we evaluate effectiveness theoretical test-and-treat (TnT) strategy bovine currently point-of-care diagnostic test (developed for use) detect circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA). We show that implementing TnT at herd-level from 2022 2030 be effective suppressing infection cattle even, lower prevalence settings, reaching nominal ‘elimination’ targets. highlight importance enhancing specificity POC-CCA avoid unnecessary treatments discuss outstanding challenges associated part holistic One approach tackling

Language: Английский

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A duplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay to discriminate three species of the Schistosoma haematobium group: Schistosoma curassoni, S. bovis, S. haematobium and their hybrids

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

The use of applications involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has greatly increased since the beginning 2000s, with number associated techniques expanding rapidly in field molecular research. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is one such technique SNP genotyping. It advantage amplifying multiple alleles a reaction inclusion an internal control. We report here development rapid, reliable and cost-effective duplex T-ARMS-PCR assay to distinguish between three Schistosoma species, namely haematobium (human parasite), bovis curassoni (animal parasites), their hybrids. This will facilitate studies population genetics evolution introgression events.During we focused on five inter-species transcribed spacer (ITS) SNPs 18S which, when combined, discriminate all species hybrid forms. designed primers amplify amplicons specific lengths for each which turn can then be visualized electrophoresis gel. was further tested using laboratory field-collected adult worms larval stages (miracidia) from Spain, Egypt, Mali, Senegal Ivory Coast. combined ITS + primer set used differentiate reaction.The able detect DNA both being analysed at maximum minimum levels ratios (95/5) tested. also hybrids validated by sequencing 148 samples included study.The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR described applied forms that infect humans animals, thereby providing method investigate epidemiology these endemic areas. addition several markers saves considerable time long-standing interest investigating genetic populations.

Language: Английский

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A rapid DNA screening method using high-resolution melt analysis to detect putative Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mattheei hybrids alongside other introgressing schistosomes

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Background The phenomenon of hybridisation between Schistosoma species has gained a greater degree significance since the WHO declared that schistosomiasis is to be eliminated, as public health problem, by 2030. role plays in transmission disease poorly understood and potential complicate this elimination effort. A primary reason for incomplete understanding schistosome lack suitable, high-throughput easily accessible methods capable identifying species-parentage individual schistosomes. To address resource gap, we present development two-tube HRM assay differentiating schistosomes from possible range six species, namely: S. mattheei, curassoni , bovis, haematobium mansoni margrebowiei. Methods was designed using aligned reference sequences target with primers amplify PCR products species-specific melt temperatures both nuclear mitochondrial genomes. sensitivity specificity these novel primer sets were tested against DNA library comprising representatives of: margrebowiei . optimal annealing temperature real-time (rtPCR) assays established alongside efficiency different pairs. trialled field samples pooled urine school-age children collected 13 schools miracidial preserved on FTA cards. Throughout optimisation testing rtPCR targeting nDNA mtDNA markers comparison pre-published probe-based carried out. Results comparable current, can detect at concentrations 1pg/µL-0.1pg/µL all exception bovis which slightly lower 0.1ng/µL-0.1pg/µL. analysis resulted positive further three rtPCR. identified four addition being mattheei Despite non- filter stored cards only pure Conclusion Although no hybrids detected manuscript novel-two tube described, offers radically increase number screened presence sample types, including biopsy material FGS screening. This will result decrease cost time putative hybrid cases.

Language: Английский

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Extant interspecific hybridization among trematodes within the Schistosoma haematobium species complex in Nigeria

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. e0011472 - e0011472

Published: April 15, 2024

Natural interspecific hybridization between the human parasite (Schistosoma haematobium [Sh]) and bovine parasites bovis [Sb], Schistosoma curassoni [Sc]) is increasingly reported in Africa. We developed a multi-locus PCR DNA-Seq strategy that amplifies two unlinked nuclear (transITS, BF) linked organellar genome markers (CO1, ND5) to genotype S. eggs collected from infected people Ile Oluji/Oke Igbo, Ondo State (an agrarian community) Kachi, Jigawa (a pastoral Southwestern Northern Nigeria, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin K2 - Vital for Health and Wellbeing

InTech eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2017

This book serves as a comprehensive survey of the impact vitamin K2 on cellular functions and organ systems, indicating that plays an important role in differentiation/preservation various cell phenotypes stimulator and/or mediator interorgan cross talk. Vitamin binds to transcription factor SXR/PXR, thus acting like hormone (very much same manner A D). Therefore, affects multitude it is reckoned be one positive bringing about "longevity" human body, e.g., supporting functions/health different well correcting functioning or even "curing" ailments striking several organs our body.
- Vital for Health Wellbeing has been produced distributed through support from Kappa Bioscience, Norway.

Language: Английский

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Genetic profiles of Schistosoma haematobium parasites from Malian transmission hotspot areas

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Although schistosomiasis is a public health issue in Mali, little known about the parasite genetic profile. The purpose of this study was to analyze profile schistosomes Schistosoma haematobium group school-aged children various sites Mali.

Language: Английский

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Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis first generation hybrids undergo gene expressions changes consistent with species compatibility and heterosis

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. e0012267 - e0012267

Published: July 2, 2024

When two species hybridize, the parental genomes are brought together and some alleles might interact for first time. To date, extent of transcriptomic changes in hybrid generations, along with their functional outcome constitute an important knowledge gap, especially parasite species. Here we explored molecular outcomes hybridization first-generation hybrids between blood fluke parasites Schistosoma haematobium S. bovis. Through a approach, measured gene expression both hybrids. We described quantified profiles encountered main biological processes impacted. Up to 7,100 genes fell into particular profile (intermediate levels, over-expressed, under-expressed, or expressed like one lines). Most these were different depending on direction cross (S. bovis mother father reverse) sex. For given sex direction, vast majority hence unassigned profile: either they differentially but not typical any neither lines nor lines. The most prevalent was intermediate (24% investigated genes). These results suggest that compatibility remains quite high. also found support over-dominance model (over- under-expressed compared lines) potentially associated heterosis. In females particular, such as reproductive processes, metabolism cell interactions well signaling pathways indeed affected. Our study provides new insight biology evidences supporting

Language: Английский

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