Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. e243604 - e243604

Published: March 25, 2024

Importance Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of combination sarcopenia (sarcopenic [SO]) its association mortality still limited. Objective To investigate SO their all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, Participants This large-scale, cohort study assessed participants from Rotterdam Study March 1, 2009, to June 2014. Associations were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed January 1 April 2023. Exposures The SO, measured based handgrip strength composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, probable defined having low confirmed altered BC (high fat percentage and/or appendicular skeletal muscle index) addition strength. Main Outcome Measure primary outcome mortality, collected linked data general practitioners central municipal records, until October 2022. Results In total population 5888 (mean [SD] 69.5 [9.1] years; mean BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had 127 (2.2%; 1.8%-2.6%) sarcopenia. Sarcopenic component present 295 (5.0%; 4.4%-5.6%) components 44 (0.8%; 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk observed (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 1.14-1.47) (HR, 1.93; 1.53-2.43). plus 1.94; 1.60-2.33]) or 2.84; 1.97-4.11) a higher than those without SO. Similar results obtained BMI 27 greater. Conclusions Relevance this study, found be prevalent phenotypes people Additional alterations amplified independently BMI. use first step both diagnoses may allow early identification individuals at premature

Language: Английский

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Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. e0279889 - e0279889

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is closely related to sarcopenic obesity(SO). Body composition measurement including body weight, mass index, waist circumference, percentage fat, fat mass, muscle visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneus tissue, plays a key role in evaluating T2DM SO. The weight reduction effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT-2) inhibitors has been demonstrated. However, there are warnings that SGLT-2 should be used with caution because they may increase the risk sarcopenia. on inconclusive. In this work, meta-analysis randomized controlled trials was conducted evaluate T2DM.PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase Web Science databases were searched by computer. All statistical analyses carried out Review Manager version 5. 3. Results compared mean difference(WMD), 95% confidence intervals(CI) for continuous outcomes. A random effects model applied regardless heterogeneity. I2 statistic heterogeneity studies. Publication bias assessed using Funnel plots.18 studies 1430 participants eligible meta-analysis. significantly reduced weight(WMD:-2. 73kg, 95%CI: -3. 32 -2. 13, p<0. 00001), index(WMD:-1. 13kg/m2, -1. 77 -0. 50, p = 0. 0005), circumference(WMD:-2. 20cm, 81 58, 008), area(MD:-14. 79cm2, -24. 65 -4. 93, 003), subcutaneous area(WMD:-23. 27cm2, CI:-46. 44 11, P 05), mass(WMD:-1. 16kg, 01 31, fat(WMD:-1. 50%, 95%CI:-2. 12 87, P<0. lean mass(WMD:-0. 76kg, 95%CI:-1. 53 01, 05) skeletal 01kg, 91 03).SGLT-2 improve area, reduction, but cause adverse reducing mass. Therefore, until more evidence obtained support sarcopenia, not only benefit composition, also considered.

Language: Английский

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Current Perspectives: Obesity and Neurodegeneration - Links and Risks

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 111 - 129

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract: Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all age groups. Long-term obesity can lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through its effects on adipose, skeletal muscle, liver tissue. Pathological mechanisms associated with include immune response inflammation as well oxidative stress consequent endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence links diminished brain health neurodegenerative such Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's (PD). Both AD PD are insulin resistance, an underlying syndrome obesity. Despite these links, causative mechanism(s) resulting remain unclear. This review discusses relationships between obesity, AD, PD, including clinical preclinical findings. The then briefly explores nonpharmacological directions for intervention. Keywords: metabolism, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, neurodegeneration

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in Adiposity and Cardiovascular Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 9338 - 9338

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Body fat distribution is a well-established predictor of adverse medical outcomes, independent overall adiposity. Studying body sheds insights into the causes obesity and provides valuable information about development various comorbidities. Compared to total adiposity, more closely associated with risks cardiovascular diseases. The present review specifically focuses on sexual dimorphism in distribution, biological clues, as well genetic traits that are distinct from obesity. Understanding sex determinations adiposity will aid improvement prevention treatment diseases (CVD).

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenic obesity in free-living older adults detected by the ESPEN-EASO consensus diagnostic algorithm: Validation in an Italian cohort and predictive value of insulin resistance and altered plasma ghrelin profile

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 155595 - 155595

Published: May 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenic obesity in cancer

Radiology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(1), P. 1 - 8

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Sarcopenic obesity is a relatively new term. It clinical condition characterized by sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and function) (increase in fat mass) that mainly affects older adults. As the incidence increases worldwide, sarcopenic becoming greater problem also cancer patients. In fact, associated with poorer treatment outcomes, longer hospital stays, physical disability, shorter survival several cancers. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, systemic inflammation, as well altered expression skeletal anti-inflammatory myokines obesity, are carcinogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Age-related muscle anabolic resistance: inevitable or preventable?

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81(4), P. 441 - 454

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, has wide-ranging detrimental effects on human health, the ramifications which can have serious implications for both morbidity mortality. Various interventional strategies been proposed counteract with a particular emphasis those employing combination exercise nutrition. However, efficacy these interventions be confounded by an age-related blunting protein synthesis response given dose protein/amino acids, termed "anabolic resistance." While pathophysiology sarcopenia is undoubtedly complex, anabolic resistance implicated in progression its underlying complications. Several mechanisms impairments consumption. These include decreased molecular signaling activity, reduced insulin-mediated capillary recruitment (thus, amino acid delivery), increased splanchnic retention acids availability muscular uptake). Obesity sedentarism exacerbate, or at least facilitate, resistance, mediated part insulin systemic inflammation. This narrative review addresses key factors contextual elements involved reduction acute associated aging varied consequences. Practical focused dietary manipulation are prevent onset mitigate progression.

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in chronic kidney disease: update on prevalence, outcomes, risk factors and nutrition treatment

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 371 - 377

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

This review summarizes literature from the last 18 months reporting on sarcopenia (or its components) in chronic kidney disease (CKD).The prevalence of CKD is reported to be 5-62.5%, with higher rates observed later disease. Sarcopenic obesity are 2-23%. Sarcopenia associated increased risk mortality, cardiovascular and vascular calcification. Risk factors include itself impacts lifestyle (reduced physical activity, diet changes). In earlier stages CKD, if risks outweigh reaching end-stage renal disease, ensuring adequate energy intake combined modest protein liberalization activity may indicated. Protein intakes above 1.3 g/kg body weight per day should avoided. For dialysis patients, interventions that provide a combination carbohydrate, fat appear more effective than those alone, though it take as long 48 weeks for detectable changes muscle mass.Sarcopenia prevalent significantly mass function. Nutrition can improve components sarcopenia, an emphasis protein.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on the Effect and Mechanism of Exercise Intervention on Sarcopenia Obesity

Clinical Interventions in Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 1407 - 1422

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

With the increasingly severe situation of obesity and population aging, there is growing concern about sarcopenia (SO). SO refers to coexistence sarcopenia, which imposes a heavier burden on individuals society compared or alone. Therefore, comprehending pathogenesis implementing effective clinical interventions are vital for its prevention treatment. This review uses comprehensive literature search analysis PubMed, Web Science, CNKI databases, with terms including "Sarcopenic obesity", "exercise", "cytokines", "inflammation", "mitochondrial quality control", "microRNA", covering relevant studies published up July 2024. The results indicate that complex, involving mechanisms like age-related changes in body composition, hormonal alterations, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic epigenetic factors. Regarding exercise SO, aerobic can reduce fat mass, resistance increase skeletal muscle mass strength, combined achieve both, making it optimal intervention SO. potential by may prevent treat include regulating cytokine secretion, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, improving quality, mediating microRNA expression. emphasizes effectiveness mitigating sarcopenic through multifactorial mechanistic insights into exercise's therapeutic effects. Understanding these informs targeted strategies aimed at alleviating societal individual burdens associated

Language: Английский

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Associations between Sarcopenia and trajectories of activities of daily living disability: a nationwide longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults in China from 2011 to 2018

Archives of Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: June 25, 2024

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical syndrome, which associated with numerous adverse outcomes among older adults. The relationship between sarcopenia and activities of daily living (ADL) disability has been studied in China, but these findings usually focused on a single time point. patterns ADL can change over vary individuals. Therefore, it necessary to explore the association trajectories disability. Methods According Asian Working Group for (AWGS) 2019 criteria, muscle mass, strength, physical performance measurements were measured diagnose sarcopenia. A six-item score was used measure disability, identified by latent class trajectory modelling (LCTM). Multiple logistic regression models performed examine Results Among 9113 middle-aged adults, three determined according changes during follow-up, including mild-high ( n = 648, 7.11%), followed low-mild 3120, 34.24%) low-low 5345, 58.65%). After adjustment covariates, severe significantly higher risks being group (OR 3.31, 95%CI: 2.10–5.22) 1.44, 1.05–1.98), compared group. This still observed when stratified age gender. In addition, participants sarcopenic obesity risk 3.99; 95% CI: 2.50–6.09). Conclusions Chinese both persistent It suggested that early interventions adults may reduce progression

Language: Английский

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