bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 25, 2023
Abstract
Growing
up
in
a
high
poverty
neighborhood
is
associated
with
elevated
risk
for
academic
challenges
and
health
problems.
Here,
we
take
data-driven
approach
to
exploring
how
measures
of
children’s
environments
relate
the
development
their
brain
structure
function
community
sample
children
between
ages
4
10
years.
We
constructed
exposomes
including
family
socioeconomic
status,
exposure
adversity,
geocoded
crime,
environmental
toxins.
connected
exposome
two
structural
(cortical
thickness
surface
area,
n
=
170)
functional
(participation
coefficient
clustering
coefficient,
130).
found
dense
connections
within
layers
sparse
layers.
Lower
income
was
thinner
visual
cortex,
consistent
theory
that
accelerated
detectable
early-developing
regions.
Greater
incidence
blood
lead
levels
greater
segregation
default
mode
network,
evidence
toxins
are
deposited
into
along
midline.
Our
study
demonstrates
utility
multilayer
network
analysis
bridge
neural
explanatory
better
understand
complexity
child
development.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 25, 2024
Abstract
Human
cortical
maturation
has
been
posited
to
be
organized
along
the
sensorimotor-association
axis,
a
hierarchical
axis
of
brain
organization
that
spans
from
unimodal
sensorimotor
cortices
transmodal
association
cortices.
Here,
we
investigate
hypothesis
development
functional
connectivity
during
childhood
through
adolescence
conforms
hierarchy
defined
by
axis.
We
tested
this
pre-registered
in
four
large-scale,
independent
datasets
(total
n
=
3355;
ages
5–23
years):
Philadelphia
Neurodevelopmental
Cohort
(
1207),
Nathan
Kline
Institute-Rockland
Sample
397),
Connectome
Project:
Development
625),
and
Healthy
Brain
Network
1126).
Across
datasets,
systematically
varied
Connectivity
regions
increased,
whereas
declined,
refining
reinforcing
hierarchy.
These
consistent
generalizable
results
establish
encodes
dominant
pattern
development.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
64, P. 101316 - 101316
Published: Oct. 14, 2023
Family
poverty
has
been
associated
with
altered
brain
structure,
function,
and
connectivity
in
youth.
However,
few
studies
have
examined
how
disadvantage
within
the
broader
neighborhood
may
influence
functional
network
organization.
The
present
study
leveraged
a
longitudinal
community
sample
of
538
twins
living
low-income
neighborhoods
to
evaluate
prospective
association
between
exposure
during
childhood
(6-10
y)
architecture
adolescence
(8-19
y).
Using
resting-state
task-based
fMRI,
we
generated
two
latent
measures
that
captured
intrinsic
organization
across
whole-brain
levels
-
segregation
segregation-integration
balance.
While
age
was
positively
balance
overall
sample,
these
associations
were
moderated
by
poverty.
Specifically,
positive
observed
only
youth
from
more,
but
not
less,
disadvantaged
neighborhoods.
Moreover,
greater
predicted
reduced
early,
middle
or
late,
adolescence.
These
effects
detected
both
system
as
well
specific
networks,
including
fronto-parietal,
default
mode,
salience,
subcortical
systems.
findings
indicate
where
children
live
exert
long-reaching
on
development
adolescent
brain.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(2), P. 108809 - 108809
Published: Jan. 6, 2024
Highlights•The
visual
word
processing
network
is
modulated
bilaterally
by
textual
stimulus
type•The
composed
of
three
clusters
arrayed
on
the
posterior-anterior
brain
axis•VWFA
emerges
as
a
mediator
between
early
vision
and
language
clusters•Region-level
stimulus-mediated
modulation,
but
network-level
stability,
observedSummaryAlthough
Visual
Word
Form
Area
(VWFA)
in
left
temporal
cortex
considered
pre-eminent
region
processing,
other
regions
are
also
implicated.
We
examined
entire
text-selective
circuit,
using
functional
MRI.
Ten
interest
(ROIs)
per
hemisphere
were
defined,
which,
based
clustering,
grouped
into
vision,
high-level
clusters.
analyzed
responses
ROIs
to
words,
inverted
consonant
strings
univariate,
multivariate,
connectivity
measures.
Bilateral
modulation
condition
was
evident,
with
stronger
effect
regions.
Last,
graph
theory,
we
observed
that
VWFA
equivalently
connected
both
hemispheres,
reflecting
its
role
circuit.
Although
individual
flexibly
altered
nature
input,
stability
held
at
level
global
circuit
connectivity,
complex
hierarchical
distributed
system
serving
text
perception.Graphical
abstract
Journal of Cognition and Development,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 172 - 190
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
This
developmental
account
of
executive
function
(EF)
argues
that
domain-general
analogical
processes
build
a
functional
hierarchy
skills,
which
vary
on
continuum
abstraction,
and
become
increasingly
differentiated
over
time.
The
paper
begins
by
showing
how
can
capture
important
aspects
EF
development,
including
incrementalism,
partial
differentiation,
shift
from
reactive
to
proactive
control.
It
then
details
children
construct
this
in
they
make
analogies
between
similar
problems,
bottom-up
incremental
fashion.
results
structure
becomes
into
components
are
more
suited
solving
some
goal-directed
problems
than
others.
implications
eventually
acquire
task-general
EFs
while
also
retaining
goal-specific
skills
sensitive
wider
beliefs,
values,
norms,
preferences,
relevant
motor,
procedural,
embodied
knowledge.
There
is
discussion
approach
different
existing
accounts,
it
relates
broader
issues
training
transfer,
group
individual
differences,
overlapping
functions
learning.
mechanisms
advocated
under
intentionally
draw
neuropsychological,
learning
cognitive
have
been
demonstrated
other
domains,
so
theory
benefit
the
lessons
learned
elsewhere
integrated
with
areas
cognition.
Organisational
gradients
refer
to
a
continuous
low-dimensional
embedding
of
brain
regions
and
can
quantify
core
organisational
principles
complex
systems
like
the
human
brain.
Mapping
how
these
are
altered
or
refined
across
development
phenotypes
is
essential
understanding
relationship
between
behaviour.
Taking
developmental
approach
leveraging
longitudinal
cross-sectional
data
from
two
multi-modal
neuroimaging
datasets,
spanning
full
neurotypical-neurodivergent
continuum,
we
charted
variability
structural
(N
=
887)
functional
728)
gradients,
childhood
adolescence
(6-19
years
old).
Across
despite
differing
phenotypes,
observe
highly
similar
gradients.
These
principles,
stable
development,
with
exact
same
ordering
early
into
mid-adolescence.
However,
there
substantial
change
in
strength
within
those
gradients:
by
modelling
trajectories
as
non-linear
splines,
show
that
exhibit
sensitive
periods
development.
Specifically,
gradually
contract
space
networks
become
more
integrated,
whilst
manifold
expands,
indexing
specialisation.
The
coupling
follows
unimodal-association
axis
varies
individuals,
effects
concentrated
plastic
higher-order
networks.
Importantly,
on
coupling,
networks,
attenuated
neurodivergent
sample.
Finally,
mapped
structure-function
onto
dimensions
psychopathology
cognition
demonstrate
robust
predictor
cognition,
such
working
memory,
but
not
psychopathology.
In
summary,
clinical
community
samples,
consistent
organisation,
progressive
integration
segregation.
established
life,
through
their
memory.
Organisational
gradients
refer
to
a
continuous
low-dimensional
embedding
of
brain
regions
and
can
quantify
core
organisational
principles
complex
systems
like
the
human
brain.
Mapping
how
these
are
altered
or
refined
across
development
phenotypes
is
essential
understanding
relationship
between
behaviour.
Taking
developmental
approach
leveraging
longitudinal
cross-sectional
data
from
two
multi-modal
neuroimaging
datasets,
spanning
full
neurotypical-neurodivergent
continuum,
we
charted
variability
structural
(N
=
887)
functional
728)
gradients,
childhood
adolescence
(6-19
years
old).
Across
despite
differing
phenotypes,
observe
highly
similar
gradients.
These
principles,
stable
development,
with
exact
same
ordering
early
into
mid-adolescence.
However,
there
substantial
change
in
strength
within
those
gradients:
by
modelling
trajectories
as
non-linear
splines,
show
that
exhibit
sensitive
periods
development.
Specifically,
gradually
contract
space
networks
become
more
integrated,
whilst
manifold
expands,
indexing
specialisation.
The
coupling
follows
unimodal-association
axis
varies
individuals,
effects
concentrated
plastic
higher-order
networks.
Importantly,
on
coupling,
networks,
attenuated
neurodivergent
sample.
Finally,
mapped
structure-function
onto
dimensions
psychopathology
cognition
demonstrate
robust
predictor
cognition,
such
working
memory,
but
not
psychopathology.
In
summary,
clinical
community
samples,
consistent
organisation,
progressive
integration
segregation.
established
life,
through
their
memory.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 121066 - 121066
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Environmental
and
social
changes
during
early
school
age
have
a
profound
impact
on
brain
development.
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
the
brains
of
typically-developing
children
adjust
white
matter
to
optimize
network
topology
this
period.
This
study
aims
propose
fiber
length
distribution
as
novel
nodal
metric
capture
continuous
maturation
network.
We
scanned
dMRI
among
N=30
in
their
first
year
primary
one-year
follow
up.
assessed
longitudinal
distribution,
characterized
by
median
connected
fibers
for
each
region.
The
was
positively
correlated
with
degree
betweenness
centrality,
while
negatively
clustering
coefficient
local
efficiency.
From
ages
7
8,
we
observed
significant
decreases
temporal,
superior
parietal,
anterior
cingulate,
medial
prefrontal
cortex,
accompanied
reduction
long-range
connections
an
increase
short-range
connections.
Meta-analytic
decoding
revealed
that
widespread
decrease
occurred
regions
responsible
sensory
processing,
whereas
more
localized
involved
memory
cognitive
control.
Finally,
simulations
test
healthy
adults
further
support
connection
contributed
increased
segregation
integration,
respectively.
Our
results
suggest
dual
process
short-
reflects
cost-efficient
strategy
optimizing
organization
critical
developmental
stage.