bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 5, 2023
Abstract
Hemispheric
brain
asymmetry
is
a
basic
organizational
principle
of
the
human
and
has
been
implicated
in
various
psychiatric
conditions,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder.
Brain
not
uniquely
feature
observed
other
species
such
as
mouse.
Yet,
patterns
are
generally
nuanced,
substantial
sample
sizes
required
to
detect
these
patterns.
In
this
pre-registered
study,
we
use
mouse
dataset
from
Province
Ontario
Neurodevelopmental
Network,
which
comprises
structural
MRI
data
over
2000
mice,
genetic
models
for
disorder,
reveal
scope
magnitude
hemispheric
Our
findings
demonstrate
presence
robust
brain,
larger
right
volumes
towards
anterior
pole
left
toward
posterior
pole,
opposite
what
shown
humans.
This
suggests
existence
species-specific
traits.
Further
clustering
analysis
identified
distinct
disorder
models,
phenomenon
that
also
seen
atypically
developing
participants.
study
shows
potential
studying
biological
bases
typical
atypical
but
warrants
caution
seem
differ
between
humans
mice.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Aug. 30, 2023
The
bed
nucleus
of
the
stria
terminalis
(BNST),
as
part
extended
amygdala,
has
become
a
region
increasing
interest
regarding
its
role
in
numerous
human
stress-related
psychiatric
diseases,
including
post-traumatic
stress
disorder
and
generalized
anxiety
amongst
others.
BNST
is
sexually
dimorphic
highly
complex
structure
already
evident
by
anatomy
consisting
11
to
18
distinct
sub-nuclei
rodents.
Located
ventral
forebrain,
anatomically
functionally
connected
many
other
limbic
structures,
hypothalamic
nuclei,
basal
ganglia,
hippocampus.
Given
this
extensive
connectivity,
thought
play
central
critical
integration
information
on
hedonic-valence,
mood,
arousal
states,
processing
emotional
information,
general
shape
motivated
stress/anxiety-related
behavior.
Regarding
regulating
behavior
anterolateral
group
(BNSTALG)
been
extensively
studied
contains
wide
variety
neurons
that
differ
their
electrophysiological
properties,
morphology,
spatial
organization,
neuropeptidergic
content
input
output
synaptic
organization
which
activity
function.
In
addition
great
diversity,
further
species-specific
differences
are
multiple
levels.
For
example,
classic
studies
performed
adult
rat
brain
identified
three
neuron
types
(Type
I-III)
based
properties
ion
channel
expression.
Whilst
similar
have
animal
species,
such
mice
non-human
primates
macaques,
cross-species
comparisons
revealed
intriguing
comparative
prevalence
BNSTALG
well
morphological
differences.
tremendous
complexity
levels,
comprehensive
elucidation
circuitry
major
challenge.
present
Review
we
bring
together
highlight
key
structure,
functional
profiles
between
species
with
aim
facilitate
future
important
relation
disease.
Stress,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2023
Common
stress-related
mental
health
disorders
affect
women
more
than
men.
Physical
activity
can
provide
protection
against
the
development
of
future
(i.e.
stress
resistance)
in
both
sexes,
but
whether
there
are
sex
differences
exercise-induced
resistance
is
unknown.
We
have
previously
observed
that
voluntary
wheel
running
(VWR)
protects
female
and
male
rats
anxiety-
exaggerated
fear-like
behavioral
effects
inescapable
stress,
time-course
magnitude
VWR-induced
resilience
has
not
been
compared
between
sexes.
The
goal
current
study
was
to
determine
resistance.
In
adult
Sprague
Dawley
rats,
6
weeks
VWR
produced
robust
stress-induced
social
avoidance
fear.
similar
sexes
independent
reactivity
shock,
general
locomotor
activity,
circulating
corticosterone.
Interestingly,
3
prevented
fear
females
only
males.
Ovariectomy
altered
wheel-running
behavior
such
it
resembled
males,
however;
still
protected
consequences
regardless
absence
ovaries.
These
data
indicate
responsive
Fear
responses
to
perceived
danger
are
critical
for
survival,
as
they
prompt
the
individual
respond
threats
and
avoid
harm.
However,
excessive
fear
can
impede
normal
biological
processes
become
harmful.
This
study
investigates
neural
mechanisms
underlying
two
distinct
forms
of
fear—phasic
sustained—in
male
female
mice,
with
a
focus
on
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST)
corticotropin-releasing
factor
(CRF)
signaling.
Phasic
is
characterized
by
immediate
clear
threats,
while
sustained
driven
ambiguous
or
uncertain
cues
persists
longer.
Using
rodent
models,
we
found
that
fear,
modeled
partial
conditioning,
induced
greater
arousal
BNST
activity
in
males,
especially
during
threat
cues.
In
contrast,
females
exhibited
reduced
CRF
activity,
highlighting
significant
sex
differences
learning
expression.
Additionally,
crucial
appropriate
response
females,
knockdown
led
increased
responses,
but
had
no
effect
males.
These
sex-specific
could
help
inform
development
targeted
treatments
anxiety
trauma-related
disorders,
which
disproportionately
affect
women.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 3, 2024
Abstract
Experiencing
a
single
severe
stressor
is
sufficient
to
drive
sexually
dimorphic
psychiatric
disease
development.
The
ventral
subiculum
(vSUB)
emerges
as
site
where
stress
may
induce
adaptations
due
its
sex-specific
organization
and
pivotal
role
in
integration.
Using
1-hr
acute
restraint
model,
we
uncover
that
causes
net
decrease
vSUB
activity
females
potent,
long-lasting,
driven
by
adrenergic
receptor
signaling.
By
contrast,
males
exhibit
increase
transient
corticosterone
We
further
identified
sex-dependent
changes
output
the
bed
nucleus
of
stria
terminalis
anxiety-like
behavior
response
stress.
These
findings
reveal
striking
disease-relevant
brain
regions
following
with
sex-,
cell-type,
synapse-specificity
contribute
our
understanding
shape
stress-related
risk.
Highlights
BS
cells
are
uniquely
sensitive
Stress
cell
E/I
balance
aBNST
vivo
females,
but
not
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(6), P. 900 - 917
Published: Feb. 2, 2023
The
bed
nuclei
of
the
stria
terminalis
(BST)
is
recognised
as
a
pivotal
integrative
centre
for
monitoring
emotional
valence.
It
implicated
in
regulation
diverse
affective
states
and
motivated
behaviours,
decades
research
have
firmly
established
its
critical
role
anxiety-related
behavioural
processes.
Researchers
recently
intricately
dissected
BST's
dynamic
activities,
connection
patterns
functions
with
respect
to
specific
cell
types
using
multiple
techniques
such
optogenetics,
vivo
calcium
imaging
transgenic
tools
unmask
complex
circuitry
mechanisms
that
underlie
anxiety.
In
this
review,
we
principally
focus
on
studies
anxiety-involved
neuromodulators
within
BST
provide
comprehensive
architecture
anxiety
network-highlighting
key
hub
orchestrating
anxiety-like
behaviour.
We
posit
these
promising
efforts
will
contribute
identification
an
accurate
roadmap
future
treatment
disorders.
