Differential Tracking of Linguistic vs. Mental State Content in Naturalistic Stimuli by Language and Theory of Mind (ToM) Brain Networks

Neurobiology of Language, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 413 - 440

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language and social cognition, especially the ability to reason about mental states, known as

Language: Английский

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No evidence of theory of mind reasoning in the human language network

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(10), P. 6299 - 6319

Published: Dec. 28, 2022

Language comprehension and the ability to infer others' thoughts (theory of mind [ToM]) are interrelated during development language use. However, neural evidence that bears on relationship between ToM mechanisms is mixed. Although robust dissociations have been reported in brain disorders, activations for contrasts target bear similarities, some overlap. We take another look at language-ToM by evaluating response network, as measured with fMRI, verbal nonverbal across 151 participants. Individual-participant analyses reveal all core regions respond more strongly when participants read vignettes about false beliefs compared control vignettes. we show these differences largely due linguistic confounds, no such effects appear a task. These results argue against cognitive overlap processing ToM. In exploratory analyses, find responses social "periphery" network-right-hemisphere homotopes areas bilateral angular gyri-but not selectively ToM-related may reflect general visual semantic processing.

Language: Английский

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Natural Language Processing Markers for Psychosis and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Emerging Themes and Research Agenda From a Cross-Linguistic Workshop

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(Supplement_2), P. S86 - S92

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract This workshop summary on natural language processing (NLP) markers for psychosis and other psychiatric disorders presents some of the clinical research issues that NLP might address activities needed to move in direction. We propose optimal development would occur context efforts map out underlying mechanisms disorders. In this workshop, we identified challenges be addressed developing implementing markers-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) practice, especially with respect psychosis. Of note, a CDSS is meant enhance decision-making by clinicians providing additional relevant information primarily through software (although CDSSs are not without risks). psychiatry, field relies subjective ratings condense rich temporal behavioral information, inclusion computational quantitative can plausibly lead operationalized decision models place idiosyncratic ones, although ethical must always paramount.

Language: Английский

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Neural populations in the language network differ in the size of their temporal receptive windows

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 1924 - 1942

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Domain-general and language-specific contributions to speech production in a second language: an fMRI study using functional localizers

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract For bilinguals, speaking in a second language (L2) compared to the native (L1) is usually more difficult. In this study we asked whether difficulty L2 production reflects increased demands imposed on domain-general or core mechanisms. We brain response speech L1 and within two functionally-defined networks brain: Multiple Demand (MD) network network. found that was linked widespread increase of activity MD The did not show similarly robust differences processing languages, however, language-specific portion left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). To further explore our results, have looked at structures postulated form Bilingual Language Control (BLC) Within network, domain-general, but also some voxels including IFG. Our findings strongly engages mechanisms, only affects sensitive portions These results put constraints current model bilingual control by precisely disentangling contributions L2.

Language: Английский

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The human language system, including its inferior frontal component in ‘Broca’s area’, does not support music perception

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2021

Abstract Language and music are two human-unique capacities whose relationship remains debated. Some have argued for overlap in processing mechanisms, especially structure processing. Such claims often concern the inferior frontal component of language system located within ‘Broca’s area’. However, others failed to find overlap. Using a robust individual-subject fMRI approach, we examined responses brain regions stimuli, probed musical abilities individuals with severe aphasia. Across four experiments, obtained clear answer: perception does not engage system, judgments about possible even presence damage network. In particular, regions’ generally low, below fixation baseline, never exceed elicited by non-music auditory conditions, like animal sounds. Further, sensitive structure: they show low intact structure-scrambled music, melodies vs. without structural violations. Finally, line past patient investigations, aphasia who cannot judge sentence grammaticality perform well on melody well-formedness judgments. Thus mechanisms that process do appear including syntax.

Language: Английский

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Lexical-Semantic Content, Not Syntactic Structure, Is the Main Contributor to ANN-Brain Similarity of fMRI Responses in the Language Network

Neurobiology of Language, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 7 - 42

Published: July 18, 2023

Representations from artificial neural network (ANN) language models have been shown to predict human brain activity in the network. To understand what aspects of linguistic stimuli contribute ANN-to-brain similarity, we used an fMRI data set responses

Language: Английский

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Pronouns reactivate conceptual representations in human hippocampal neurons

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6716), P. 1478 - 1484

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

During discourse comprehension, every new word adds to an evolving representation of meaning that accumulates over consecutive sentences and constrains the next words. To minimize repetition utterance length, languages use pronouns, like "she," refer nouns phrases were previously introduced. It has been suggested language comprehension requires pronouns activate same neuronal representations as themselves. We recorded from individual neurons in human hippocampus during a reading task. Cells selective particular noun later reactivated by cells' preferred noun. These results imply concept cells contribute rapid dynamic semantic memory network is recruited comprehension.

Language: Английский

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Agrammatic output in non-fluent, including Broca’s, aphasia as a rational behavior

Aphasiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(12), P. 1981 - 2000

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Background Speech of individuals with non-fluent, including Broca's, aphasia is often characterized as "agrammatic" because their output mostly consists nouns and, to a lesser extent, verbs and lacks function words, like articles prepositions, correct morphological endings. Among the earliest accounts agrammatic in early 1900s was "economy effort" idea whereby construed way coping increases cost language production. This resurfaced 1980s, but general, field research has largely focused on agrammatism that postulated core deficits syntactic knowledge.Aims We here revisit economy effort hypothesis light increasing emphasis cognitive science rational efficient behavior.Main contribution The critical follows: there per unit linguistic output, this greater for patients non-fluent aphasia. For agent, increase leads shorter messages. Critically, informative parts message should be preserved redundant ones (like words inflectional markers) omitted. Although unlikely provide unifying account all patients—the relevant population too heterogeneous empirical landscape complex any single-factor explanation—we argue behavior dismissed prematurely appears plausible explanation large subset reported cases expressive aphasia.Conclusions evaluated more carefully systematically. On basic side, pursuing may reveal how human mind brain optimize communicative efficiency presence production difficulties. And applied construal emphasizes strengths some flexibly adapt utterances order communicate spite grammatical difficulties; focusing these effective than trying "fix" grammar.

Language: Английский

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Word Frequency and Predictability Dissociate in Naturalistic Reading

Open Mind, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 177 - 201

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Many studies of human language processing have shown that readers slow down at less frequent or predictable words, but there is debate about whether frequency and predictability effects reflect separable cognitive phenomena: are operations retrieve words from the mental lexicon based on sensory cues distinct those predict upcoming context? Previous evidence for a frequency-predictability dissociation mostly small samples (both estimating testing their behavior), artificial materials (e.g., isolated constructed sentences), implausible modeling assumptions (discrete-time dynamics, linearity, additivity, constant variance, invariance over time), which raises question: do dissociate in ordinary comprehension, such as story reading? This study leverages recent progress open data computational to address this question scale. A large collection naturalistic reading (six datasets, >2.2 M datapoints) analyzed using nonlinear continuous-time regression, estimated statistical models trained more than currently typical psycholinguistics. Despite use data, strong estimates, flexible regression models, results converge with earlier experimental supporting dissociable additive effects.

Language: Английский

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