Development in Aspergillus

Studies in Mycology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 1 - 29

Published: Feb. 4, 2013

The genus Aspergillus represents a diverse group of fungi that are among the most abundant in world. Germination spore can lead to vegetative mycelium colonizes substrate. hyphae within highly heterogeneous with respect gene expression, growth, and secretion. Aspergilli reproduce both asexually sexually. To this end, conidiophores ascocarps produced form conidia ascospores, respectively. This review describes molecular mechanisms underlying growth development Aspergillus.

Language: Английский

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Genetic control of asexual sporulation in filamentous fungi

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 669 - 677

Published: Oct. 22, 2012

Language: Английский

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Light sensing and responses in fungi

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 25 - 36

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 80(1), P. 205 - 327

Published: March 1, 2016

SUMMARY The genus Trichoderma contains fungi with high relevance for humans, applications in enzyme production plant cell wall degradation and use biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content these species “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, development, along detailed analysis annotation less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, nitrogen metabolism T. reesei , atroviride virens open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, covered more than 2,000 predicted 9,000 11,000 genes each discussed, which is >20% respective gene content. Additionally, considered available transcriptome data annotated genes. Highlights our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due different contents regulation We found light many sulfur metabolic Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved N -linked glycosylation was detected, were indications ability spp. generate hybrid galactose-containing glycans. inventory effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique warrant further investigation. interesting expansions several signaling pathways, G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, casein kinases. A particularly feature absolutely duplication alternative amino acid synthesis pathway.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Effects of Light on Differentiation and Virulence of the Plant Pathogen Botrytis cinerea: Characterization of the White Collar Complex

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 8(12), P. e84223 - e84223

Published: Dec. 31, 2013

Organisms are exposed to a tough environment, where acute daily challenges, like light, can strongly affect several aspects of an individual's physiology, including pathogenesis. While fungal models have been widely employed understand the physiological and molecular events associated with light perception, various other agricultural-relevant fungi still remain, in terms their responsiveness dark. The fungus Botrytis cinerea is aggressive pathogen able cause disease on wide range plant species. Natural B. isolates exhibit high degree diversity predominant mode reproduction. Thus, majority naturally occurring strains known reproduce asexually via conidia sclerotia, sexually apothecia. Studies from 1970′s reported specific developmental responses treatments near-UV, blue, red far-red light. To unravel signaling machinery triggering development – possibly also connected virulence we initiated functional characterization transcription factor/photoreceptor BcWCL1 its partner BcWCL2, that form White Collar Complex (WCC) cinerea. Using mutants either abolished or exhibiting enhanced WCC (overexpression both bcwcl1 bcwcl2), demonstrate integral part mentioned by mediating transcriptional white inhibition conidiation response this stimulus. Furthermore, required for coping excessive oxidative stress achieve full virulence. Although absence bcwcl1, expression some genes induced distinct pattern oscillations enhanced, revealing complex underlying photobiology. Though overlaps well-studied systems exist, light-associated appears more than those Neurospora crassa Aspergillus nidulans.

Language: Английский

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The Transcription Factor BcLTF1 Regulates Virulence and Light Responses in the Necrotrophic Plant Pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. e1004040 - e1004040

Published: Jan. 9, 2014

Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold diseases in a range dicotyledonous plant species. The fungus can reproduce asexually by forming macroconidia for dispersal and sclerotia survival; latter also participate sexual reproduction bearing apothecia after fertilization microconidia. Light induces differentiation conidia apothecia, while are exclusively formed absence light. relevance light virulence not obvious, but infections observed under natural illumination as well constant darkness. By random mutagenesis approach, we identified novel virulence-related gene encoding GATA transcription factor (BcLTF1 light-responsive TF1) with characterized homologues Aspergillus nidulans (NsdD) Neurospora crassa (SUB-1). deletion over-expression bcltf1, confirmed predicted role virulence, discovered furthermore its functions regulation light-dependent differentiation, equilibrium between production scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), secondary metabolism. Microarray analyses revealed 293 genes, that expression levels majority these genes (66%) modulated BcLTF1. In addition, bcltf1 affects 1,539 irrespective conditions, including overexpression known so far uncharacterized metabolism-related genes. Increased alternative respiration enzymes, such oxidase (AOX), suggest mitochondrial dysfunction bcltf1. hypersensitivity Δbctlf1 mutants to exogenously applied oxidative stress - even restoration growth rates continuous antioxidants, indicate BcLTF1 required cope caused either exposure or arising during host infection.

Language: Английский

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How light affects the life of Botrytis

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 26 - 41

Published: June 23, 2017

Fungi, like other organisms, actively sense the environmental light conditions in order to drive adaptive responses, including protective mechanisms against light-associated stresses, and regulate development. Ecological niches are characterized by different regimes, for instance is absent underground, spectra from sunlight changed underwater or under canopy of foliage due absorption distinct wavelengths bacterial, algal plant pigments. Considering fact that fungi have evolved adapt their habitats, complexities 'visual' systems may vary significantly. Fungi pathogenic on plants experience a special regime because host always seeks optimum photosynthesis – pathogen has cope with this environment. When lives indirectly exposed sunlight, it confronted an altered spectrum enriched green far-red light. Botrytis cinerea, gray mold fungus, aggressive mainly infecting above-ground parts plant. As outlined review, Leotiomycete maintains highly sophisticated signaling machinery, integrating (near)-UV, blue, green, red signals use at least eleven potential photoreceptors trigger variety i.e. protection (pigmentation, enzymatic systems), morphogenesis (conidiation, apothecial development), entrainment circadian clock, positive negative tropism multicellular (conidiophores, apothecia) unicellular structures (conidial germ tubes). In sense, 'looking through eyes' will expand our knowledge fungal photobiology.

Language: Английский

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Fungal photobiology: visible light as a signal for stress, space and time

Current Genetics, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 275 - 288

Published: Oct. 16, 2014

Language: Английский

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Evolution of asexual and sexual reproduction in the aspergilli

Studies in Mycology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 37 - 59

Published: Sept. 1, 2018

Aspergillus nidulans has long-been used as a model organism to gain insights into the genetic basis of asexual and sexual developmental processes both in other members genus Aspergillus, filamentous fungi general. Paradigms have been established concerning regulatory mechanisms conidial development. However, recent studies shown considerable genome divergence fungal kingdom, questioning general applicability findings from certain longstanding evolutionary theories questioned. The phylogenetic distribution key elements reproduction A. was investigated broad taxonomic range fungi. This revealed that some proteins were well conserved Pezizomycotina (e.g. AbaA, FlbA, FluG, NsdD, MedA, velvet proteins), suggesting similar roles. BrlA) had more restricted solely Eurotiomycetes, it appears control sporulation seems be complex aspergilli than groups Pezizomycotina. evolution protein family is discussed based on history expansion contraction events early divergent Heterologous expression abaA gene Monascus ruber failed induce development complete conidiophores seen aspergilli, but did result increased production. absence many components pathway Saccharomycotina supports hypothesis differences complexity their spore formation due part diversity machinery evident Investigations also made sex sexuality aspergilli. MAT loci identified heterothallic (Emericella) heterothallicus (Neosartorya) fennelliae homothallic pseudoglaucus (=Eurotium repens). A consistent architecture locus these whereas much variation arrangement suggested most likely common ancestor exhibited breeding system. Finally, supposed prevalence asexuality examined. using clavatus representative 'asexual' species. It possible cycle given correct MAT1-1 MAT1-2 partners environmental conditions, with recombination confirmed utilising molecular markers. indicated might supposedly beyond, providing nature

Language: Английский

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The Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus Regulates Growth, Metabolism, and Stress Resistance in Response to Light

mBio, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: March 27, 2013

Light is a pervasive environmental factor that regulates development, stress resistance, and even virulence in numerous fungal species. Though much research has focused on signaling pathways Aspergillus fumigatus, an understanding of how this pathogen responds to light lacking. In report, we demonstrate the fungus does indeed respond both blue red portions visible spectrum. Included A. fumigatus response reduction conidial germination rates, increased hyphal pigmentation, enhanced resistance acute ultraviolet oxidative stresses, susceptibility cell wall perturbation. By performing gene deletion analyses, have found predicted receptor LreA FphA play unique overlapping roles regulating described photoresponsive behaviors fumigatus. However, our data also indicate photobiology complex likely involves input from additional photosensory beyond those analyzed here. Finally, whole-genome microarray analysis revealed broadly variety metabolic genes light, including involved respiration, amino acid metabolism, metal homeostasis. Together, these importance photic environment physiology provide basis for future studies into unexplored area its biology.

Language: Английский

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