Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey D. Jenks, Chioma Inyang Aneke, Mohanad Al‐Obaidi

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e1011025 - e1011025

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Racial and ethnic identities, largely understood as social rather than biologic constructs, may impact risk for acquiring infectious diseases, including fungal infections. Risk factors include genetic immunologic differences such aberrations in host immune response, polymorphisms, epigenomic stemming from environmental exposures underlying determinants of health. In addition, certain racial groups be predisposed to diseases that increase infections, well disparities healthcare access health insurance. this review, we analyzed identities race ethnicity they relate severe disease invasive mold infections aspergillosis appear related health, although polymorphisms contribute some circumstances. Although black African American individuals at high superficial Candida cryptococcosis, the reasons are unclear underling healthcare, other socioeconomic disparities. all endemic fungi likely socioeconomic, disparities, mechanisms play a role well, particularly disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Language: Английский

Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease DOI
David W. Denning

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. e428 - e438

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

423
COVID-19-associated fungal infections DOI Open Access
Martin Hoenigl, Danila Seidel, Rosanne Sprute

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 1127 - 1140

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

343
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: India Versus the Rest of the World DOI Creative Commons
Valliappan Muthu, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Arunaloke Chakrabarti

et al.

Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(6), P. 739 - 754

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a concerning resurgence of mucormycosis. More than 47,000 cases mucormycosis were reported in three months from India. We update our systematic review on COVID-19-associated (CAM) till June 21st, 2021, comparing India and elsewhere. included individual patient details 275 CAM, which 233 42 the rest world. Diabetes mellitus was most common underlying risk factor for CAM other countries. fatality rate (36.5%) less globally (61.9%), probably due predominance rhino-orbital On multivariate analysis, we found that pulmonary or disseminated admission intensive care unit associated with increased mortality, while combination medical therapy improved survival. paucity suggests these either not diagnosed reported, further supported by trend search data Google engine. In this review, discuss factors explaining substantial rise CAM. also propose hypothetical model describing epidemiologic triad

Language: Английский

Citations

204
ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID‐19 associated mucormycosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries DOI Open Access
Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Martin Hoenigl, Jacques F. Meis

et al.

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(9), P. 1028 - 1037

Published: June 16, 2021

Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low- and middle-income countries. The recent unprecedented surge CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 cases counted is first country where been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception management, diagnosing treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation Medical Mycology (ECMM) International Society for Human Animal (ISHAM) felt need address clinical management This article provides comprehensive document help clinicians managing infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use major predisposing factors surge. High counts Mucorales spores both indoor outdoor environments, immunosuppressive impact COVID-19 patients as well immunotherapy possible additional factors. Furthermore, hyperglycaemic state leads an increased expression glucose regulated protein (GRP- 78) endothelial cells that may entry into tissues. Rhino-orbital most common presentation followed pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations focused early suspicion disease confirmation diagnosis. Regarding glycaemic control, elimination therapy, extensive surgical debridement antifungal therapy standards proper care. Due limited availability amphotericin B formulations during present epidemic, alternative therapies also discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

180
COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: Evidence-based critical review of an emerging infection burden during the pandemic’s second wave in India DOI Creative Commons
Jesil Mathew Aranjani, Atulya Manuel, Habeeb Ibrahim Abdul Razack

et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. e0009921 - e0009921

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis

Language: Английский

Citations

107
COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 958 cases DOI Creative Commons
Laşin Özbek, A. Umur Topçu,

Mehtap Manay

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 722 - 731

Published: March 13, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

65
Multicenter Case–Control Study of COVID-19–Associated Mucormycosis Outbreak, India DOI Creative Commons
Valliappan Muthu, Ritesh Agarwal, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 8 - 19

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract We performed a case–control study across 25 hospitals in India for the period of January–June 2021 to evaluate reasons an COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) outbreak. investigated whether COVID-19 treatment practices (glucocorticoids, zinc, tocilizumab, and others) were associated with CAM. included 1,733 cases CAM 3,911 age-matched controls. found cumulative glucocorticoid dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) zinc supplementation (OR 2.76, 2.24–3.40), along elevated C-reactive protein 1.004, 1.002–1.006), host factors (renal transplantation [OR 7.58, 3.31–17.40], diabetes mellitus 6.72, 5.45–8.28], diabetic ketoacidosis during 4.41, 2.03–9.60]), rural residence 2.88, 2.12–3.79), significantly Mortality rate at 12 weeks was 32.2% (473/1,471). emphasize judicious use therapies optimal glycemic control prevent

Language: Английский

Citations

47
The WHO fungal priority pathogens list: a crucial reappraisal to review the prioritisation DOI Creative Commons
Giacomo Casalini, Andrea Giacomelli, Spinello Antinori

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 717 - 724

Published: April 9, 2024

In October, 2022, WHO published the first fungal priority pathogen list, which categorised 19 entities into three groups (critical, high, and medium), for prioritisation of research efforts. The final ranking was determined via multiple criteria decision analysis, considering both development needs perceived public health importance. this Personal View, we discuss positioning pathogens, namely, Mucorales, Candida spp, Histoplasma Coccidioides Paracoccidioides Fusarium eumycetoma causative agents, Talaromyces marneffei, Pneumocystis jirovecii, while expressing concerns about potential disparities between list actual disease burden associated with these pathogens. Finally, propose a revised that also considers regional in diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Diabetes, COVID 19 and mucormycosis: Clinical spectrum and outcome in a tertiary care medical center in Western India DOI Open Access
Yogendra Mishra, Manoj Prashar, Deepak Kumar Sharma

et al.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 102196 - 102196

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Invasive Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19: A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Giacomo Casalini, Andrea Giacomelli,

Annalisa Ridolfo

et al.

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 921 - 921

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) can complicate the clinical course of COVID-19 and are associated with a significant increase in mortality, especially critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). This narrative review concerns 4099 cases IFIs 58,784 involved 168 studies. COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is diagnostic challenge because its non-specific clinical/imaging features fact that proposed clinically algorithms do not really apply patients. Forty-seven observational studies 41 case reports have described total 478 CAPA were mainly diagnosed on basis cultured respiratory specimens and/or biomarkers/molecular biology, usually without histopathological confirmation. Candidemia widely secondary infection undergoing prolonged hospitalisation, 401 indicate high crude mortality rates 56.1% 74.8%, respectively. often characterised by presence known risk factors for candidemia such as in-dwelling vascular catheters, mechanical ventilation, broad-spectrum antibiotics. We also describe 3185 mucormycosis (including 1549 rhino-orbital (48.6%)), which main factor history poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (>76%). Its diagnosis involves examination tissue biopsies, treatment requires anti-fungal therapy combined aggressive surgical resection/debridement, but again high: 50.8% 16% The other severely immunocompromised show SARS-CoV-2 capable stunning host immune system: 20 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 5 cryptococcosis, 4 histoplasmosis, 1 coccidioides infection, due Fusarium spp., Scedosporium.

Language: Английский

Citations

82