Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 316 - 316

Published: April 12, 2024

Respiratory viral coinfections are a global public health threat that poses an economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare infrastructure. Viruses may coinfect interact synergistically or antagonistically, their coinfection not affect replication rate. These interactions specific to different virus combinations, which underlines the importance of understanding mechanisms behind these differential need for novel diagnostic methods accurately identify multiple viruses causing disease in patient avoid misdiagnosis. This review examines epidemiological patterns, pathology manifestations, immune response modulation respiratory combinations occur during using experimental models better understand dynamics takes driving outcomes severity, is crucial guide development prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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In vitro modelling of bacterial pneumonia: a comparative analysis of widely applied complex cell culture models

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Bacterial pneumonia greatly contributes to the disease burden and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections among all age groups risk profiles. Therefore, laboratory modelling bacterial remains important for elucidating complex host–pathogen interactions determine drug efficacy toxicity. In vitro cell culture enables creation high-throughput, specific models in a tightly controlled environment. Advanced human specifically, can bridge research gap between classical two-dimensional animal models. This review provides an overview current status development cellular study infections, with focus on air–liquid interface models, spheroid, organoid, lung-on-a-chip For wide scale, comparative literature search, we selected six clinically highly relevant bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus Staphylococcus aureus). We reviewed lines that are commonly used, as well trends discrepancies methodology, ranging from infection parameters assay read-outs. also highlighted importance model validation data transparency guiding field towards more

Language: Английский

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Cryobiopsy: A Breakthrough Strategy for Clinical Utilization of Lung Cancer Organoids

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 1854 - 1854

Published: July 14, 2023

One major challenge associated with lung cancer organoids (LCOs) is their predominant derivation from surgical specimens of patients early-stage cancer. However, advanced cancer, who are in need chemotherapy, often cannot undergo surgery. Therefore, there an urgent to successfully generate LCOs biopsy specimens. Conventional techniques, such as transthoracic needle and forceps biopsy, only yield small amounts tissue, resulting a low success rate for culturing samples. Furthermore, potential complications, like bleeding pneumothorax, make it difficult obtain sufficient tissue. Another critical issue the overgrowth normal cells later passages LCO culture, optimal culture conditions yet be determined. To address these limitations, we attempted create cryobiopsy obtained (n = 113). Overall, initial establishing samples was 40.7% 46). Transbronchial enables retrieval significantly larger tissue than bronchoscopic biopsy. Additionally, can employed peripheral lesions, aided via radial endobronchial ultrasonography. This study improved demonstrated that retained characteristics resembled primary tumors. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed high cell purity early derived three-dimensional structure intracellular components were characterized using holotomography. Finally, drug screening performed specialized micropillar system cryobiopsy-derived LCOs. offer promising solution limitations conventional Cryobiopsy applied at all stages, including those provide generation. anticipate will serve breakthrough strategy clinical application stages

Language: Английский

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Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models: a way forward to clinical translation of mitochondrial transplantation in acute disease states

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract Mitochondrial transplantation and transfer are being explored as therapeutic options in acute chronic diseases to restore cellular function injured tissues. To limit potential immune responses rejection of donor mitochondria, current clinical applications have focused on delivery autologous mitochondria. We recently convened a Transplant Convergent Working Group (CWG), explore three key issues that translation: (1) storage (2) biomaterials enhance mitochondrial uptake, (3) dynamic models mimic the complex recipient tissue environment. In this review, we present summary CWG conclusions related these provide an overview pre-clinical studies aimed at building more robust toolkit for translational trials.

Language: Английский

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The critical role of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in sepsis: new synergistic approaches employing organ-on-chip, omics, immune cell phenotyping and in silico modeling to identify new therapeutics

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Sepsis is a global health concern accounting for more than 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. now defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. can develop from bacterial (gram negative or gram positive), fungal viral (such COVID) infections. However, therapeutics developed animal models and traditional vitro sepsis have had little success clinical trials, these failed fully replicate the underlying pathophysiology heterogeneity of disease. The current understanding that highly diverse among patients, this impacts immune function Phenotyping classifying patients into specific endotypes needed personalized treatment approach. Neutrophil-endothelium interactions play critical role progression, increased neutrophil influx endothelial barrier disruption important roles early course damage. Understanding mechanism neutrophil-endothelium how interaction help us better manage disease lead discovery new diagnostic prognosis tools effective treatments. In review, we will discuss latest research exploring silico modeling synergistic combination organ-on-chip incorporating human cells/tissue, omics analysis data allow identify relevant signaling pathways characterize phenotypes patients. Emerging technologies such machine learning then be leveraged druggable therapeutic targets relate them infectious agents. This approach development identification FDA approved drugs repurposed sepsis.

Language: Английский

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Epithelial-neuronal-immune cell interactions: Implications for immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal sites

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153(5), P. 1169 - 1180

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent frontiers in biofabrication for respiratory tissue engineering

Bioprinting, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40, P. e00342 - e00342

Published: April 21, 2024

Respiratory tissue engineering offers a robust framework for studying cell-cell and host-pathogen interactions in tissue-like environment platform lung regeneration disease mechanisms. However, the challenge of replicating dynamic three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments is huge obstacle with existing technology. Current animal models two-dimensional cell culture do not replicate vivo conditions seen human lungs, thus research utilizing these techniques often fails to help alleviate global burden respiratory diseases. has been drawing significant attention over past decade. Particularly emergence severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many inspiring developments advances have reported. This review presents recent focusing on 3D bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, organoid technologies. It also provides an overview attempts integrate biomechanical stimulus aim improving integrity constructs enhancing cellular propagation. addresses challenges inherent discusses future prospects this field, urging continuing innovation investment toward success increasing clinical relevance.

Language: Английский

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On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI)

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 106596 - 106596

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, idiopathic fibrosis, syncytial virus others. Pulmonary therapeutics afford untapped potential for treating lung infection disease through direct delivery site action. However, ability innovate new therapeutic paradigms will rely on modeling human microenvironment key cellular interactions that drive disease. One feature is air-liquid interface (ALI). ALI techniques, using cell-culture inserts, organoids, microfluidics, precision slices (PCLS), rapidly developing; however, one major component these models lacking—innate immune cell populations. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, others, represent populations, acting as first responders during or injury. Innate cells respond modulate stromal bridge gap between innate adaptive system, controlling bodies response foreign pathogens debris. In this article, we review current state culture systems with a focus suggest ways build add complexity relevant

Language: Английский

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Eosinophil-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Asthma

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: June 17, 2024

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Eosinophils have numerous roles in type 2 inflammation depending on their activation states the blood and airway or after encounter with inflammatory mediators. Airway epithelial cells a sentinel role lung and, by instructing eosinophils, likely foundational asthma pathogenesis. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In this review, we discuss various topics related to eosinophil-epithelial cell interactions asthma, including influence of eosinophils eosinophil products, e.g., granule proteins, function, expression, secretion, plasticity; effects released factors, oxylipins, cytokines, other mediators activation, survival; possible mechanisms adhesion; intra-epithelial asthma. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> We suggest that products can both injurious beneficial there are bidirectional signaling between

Language: Английский

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Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 22, 2024

Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well degree injury. Even if there no direct lung damage, severe can enhance sympathetic tones on blood vessels and vascular resistance, resulting in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Conversely, damage worsen by dysregulating immunity. These findings suggest the importance brain-lung axis interactions TBI. However, little research has been conducted topic. An advanced disease model using stem cell technology may be an alternative for investigating simultaneously but separately, they potential candidates improving clinical outcomes TBI.In this review, we describe TBI focusing concepts reproducibility organoids vitro. We also summarize recent pluripotent cell-derived their preclinical applications various explore how mimic axis. Reviewing current status discussing limitations perspectives organoid offer a better understanding pathophysiological between

Language: Английский

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