Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues periodontal complex, mediated an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities aberrant immune responses within gingival tissues. Putative pathogens are enriched as resident oral microbiota becomes inflammatory evoke tissue destruction, thus inducing unremitting positive feedback loop proteolysis, inflammation, enrichment for pathogens. Keystone sustained inflammation critical to progression. However, recent studies have revealed importance previously unidentified microbes involved in progression, including various viruses, phages bacterial species. Moreover, newly identified immunological genetic mechanisms, well environmental host factors, diet lifestyle, been discerned years further contributory factors periodontitis. These collectively expanded established narrative In line with this, new ideologies related maintaining health treating existing explored, such application probiotics, limit attenuate The role systemic pathologies, autoimmune disorders diabetes, pathogenesis has noted. Recent additionally reciprocated potentiating states at distal sites, Alzheimer’s disease, bowel diseases, cancer, highlighting cavity health. Here we review long-standing knowledge progression while integrating novel research concepts that broadened our understanding disease. Further, delve into innovative hypotheses may evolve address significant gaps foundational

Language: Английский

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Oral polymicrobial communities: Assembly, function, and impact on diseases

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 528 - 538

Published: March 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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No evidence for a common blood microbiome based on a population study of 9,770 healthy humans

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 973 - 985

Published: March 30, 2023

Abstract Human blood is conventionally considered sterile but recent studies suggest the presence of a microbiome in healthy individuals. Here we characterized DNA signatures microbes 9,770 individuals using sequencing data from multiple cohorts. After filtering for contaminants, identified 117 microbial species blood, some which had replication. They were primarily commensals associated with gut ( n = 40), mouth 32) and genitourinary tract 18), distinct pathogens detected hospital cultures. No 84% individuals, while remainder only median one species. Less than 5% shared same species, no co-occurrence patterns between different observed associations host phenotypes found. Overall, these results do not support hypothesis consistent core endogenous to human blood. Rather, our findings transient sporadic translocation commensal other body sites into bloodstream.

Language: Английский

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Prevotella species as oral residents and infectious agents with potential impact on systemic conditions

Journal of Oral Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 26, 2022

Oral Prevotella are known as anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae and in dental plaques from early life onwards, including pigmented P. melaninogenica, nigrescens, pallens non-pigmented species. Many species contribute to inflammatory processes, being frequent findings dysbiotic biofilms of periodontal diseases (P. intermedia, nigrescens), cariotic lesions denticola, Alloprevotella (formerly Prevotella) tannerae), endodontic infections baroniae, oris, multisaccharivorax), other clinically relevant conditions. Over the years, several novel have been recovered cavity without knowledge their clinical relevance. Within this wide genus, virulence properties characteristics like biofilm formation seemingly vary a species- strain-dependent manner, shown for intermedia group organisms aurantiaca, pallens). identified various non-oral chronic pathological Here, we updated genus role residents infectious agents cavity, well detection infections, but also gathered information potential link cancers head neck, systemic disorders.

Language: Английский

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The potential role of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 479(16), P. 1653 - 1708

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements pathology chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be fibrin amyloid microclot blockage capillaries, for instance as exercise started; reperfusion necessary corollary when it finishes. rehearse mechanistic evidence these occurrences here, terms their manifestation oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, production marker metabolites related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both breathlessness/fatigue post-exertional malaise observed conditions, many other observables. The recognition processes implies, mechanistically, therapeutic benefit potentially to had from antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, iron chelators, suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. review considerable existing consistent with this, biochemical mechanisms involved.

Language: Английский

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Evidence supportive of a bacterial component in the etiology for Alzheimer’s disease and for a temporal-spatial development of a pathogenic microbiome in the brain

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected AD subjects' brains, research focused on individual and only studies investigated hypothesis bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled communities present non-demented controls brains.We obtained postmortem samples from brains 32 subjects, comprising 16 control age-matched subjects with total 130 frontal temporal lobes entorhinal cortex. used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. bacteria both cohorts principal Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) two species each Acinetobacter Comamonas genera. hierarchical Bayesian method detect differences relative abundance among groups. Because large variances, we also employed new analysis approach based Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, computational linguistics. This allowed us five sample classes, revealing different microbiota. Assuming that represented infections began at times, ordered these classes time, finding class exclusively explained existence or non-existence AD.The AD-related pathogenicity microbiome seems be complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed rise fall C. occurring an off-peak level association least one other bacterium set genera included Methylobacterium, Bacillus, Caulobacter, Delftia, Variovorax. may involved outcompeting species, which were strongly associated microbiota, whose early destruction could first stage disease. Our results are consistent leaky blood-brain barrier lymphatic network allows viruses, fungi, enter brain.

Language: Английский

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Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: animal models of disease

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(3)

Published: April 27, 2023

Periodontitis and caries are driven by complex interactions between the oral microbiome host factors, i.e. inflammation dietary sugars, respectively. Animal models have been instrumental in our mechanistic understanding of these diseases, although no single model can faithfully reproduce all aspects a given human disease. This review discusses evidence that utility an animal lies its capacity to address specific hypothesis and, therefore, different disease be investigated using distinct complementary models. As vitro systems cannot replicate complexity vivo host-microbe research is typically correlative, organisms-their limitations notwithstanding-remain essential proving causality, identifying therapeutic targets, evaluating safety efficacy novel treatments. To achieve broader deeper insights into pathogenesis, model-derived findings synthesized with data from clinical research. In absence better alternatives, dismissal on fidelity issues would impede further progress understand treat

Language: Английский

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Morphology of blood microbiota in healthy individuals assessed by light and electron microscopy

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

The blood microbiome is still an enigma. existence of microbiota in clinically healthy individuals was proven during the last 50 years. Indirect evidence from radiometric analysis suggested living microbial forms erythrocytes. Recently targeted nucleic acid sequencing demonstrated rich biodiversity individuals. morphology and proliferation cycle peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated freshly drawn cultured whole are obscure. To study life we focused on light, electron microscopy analysis. Peripheral stress-cultured lysed at 43°C presence vitamin K were studied. Here, that free circulating PMBC fraction possess a well-defined cell wall proliferate by budding or through mechanism similar to extrusion progeny bodies. By contrast, proliferated as cell-wall deficient forming electron-dense electron-transparent bodies fission produce chains Gram-negatively stained enlarged burst release 180 - 200 nm size. On other hand, emitted membrane. A novel called us "a within cell" observed. It combines which growing "mother" cell. eukaryotic prokaryotic identified next-generation technologies our results suggest different mechanisms blood. Our documented conclusions provide more comprehensive view normal

Language: Английский

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Social networking at the microbiome-host interface

Infection and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91(9)

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Microbial species colonizing host ecosystems in health or disease rarely do so alone. Organisms conglomerate into dynamic heterotypic communities biofilms which interspecies and interkingdom interactions drive functional specialization of constituent shape community properties, including nososymbiocity pathogenic potential. Cell-to-cell binding, exchange signaling molecules, nutritional codependencies can all contribute to the emergent properties these communities. Spatial constraints defined by architecture also determine overall function. Multilayered thus occur between individual pairs organisms, relative impact be determined contextual cues. Host responses on surfaces are driven collective action community. Additionally, range extended bacteria utilizing cells diet indirectly directly influence other organisms microenvironment. In contexts where transition a dysbiotic state, their quasi-organismal nature imparts adaptability availability facilitates resistance immune effectors and, moreover, exploits inflammatory acidic microenvironments for persistence.

Language: Английский

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Saliva pH and Flow Rate in Patients with Periodontal Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Science Monitor, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27

Published: May 4, 2021

BACKGROUND Periodontal disease, a frequent oral health problem, is connected with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the unstimulated saliva flow rate pH as markers of severity periodontal disease in patients disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort 155 (78 men 77 women, aged 30-92 years) was included, structured questionnaire obtained information about their status, healthcare behaviors, eating habits. An examination performed status presence dental calculus. The whole salivary were measured. hygienization performed, 3 months later, reevaluated. RESULTS severe form found 22.4% patients. Disease strongly correlated low values (6.25 stage IV disease), lower (0.28 mL/min), smoking, poor hygiene habits obesity, no significant differences by sex. We observed increase (up 6.30±0.17) (P=0.001) (0.29±0.07 mL/min; P=0.014) after hygienization. There strong association between (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our suggests that decrease level might be associated

Language: Английский

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