Bacterial protein acetylation: mechanisms, functions, and methods for study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 4, 2024

Lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved protein modification that changes functions and plays essential role in many cellular processes, such as central metabolism, transcriptional regulation, chemotaxis, pathogen virulence. It can alter DNA binding, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, stability, or localization. In prokaryotes, lysine occurs non-enzymatically by the action of acetyltransferases (KAT). acetylation, KAT transfers acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) to side chain. contrast, phosphate (AcP) donor chemical acetylation. Regardless type, removal groups lysines only enzymatically deacetylases (KDAC). KATs are grouped into three main superfamilies based on their catalytic domain sequences biochemical characteristics catalysis. Specifically, members GNAT found eukaryotes prokaryotes have a core structural architecture. These enzymes acetylate small molecules, metabolites, peptides, proteins. This review presents current knowledge mechanisms functional implications bacterial pathogenicity, stress response, translation, emerging topic gut microbiome. Additionally, methods used elucidate biological significance bacteria, relative quantification stoichiometry quantification, genetic code expansion tool (CGE), reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Preparation, characterization and in vitro digestion of jujube polysaccharide microcapsules

Food and Bioproducts Processing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 97 - 104

Published: March 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gallic acid ameliorates synovial inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 490, P. 117033 - 117033

Published: July 10, 2024

Gallic acid (GA) has been found by a large number of studies to have pharmacological effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood.. Studies shown that altering intestinal flora affects host metabolism effectively mediates development synovitis. The aim this study was explore GA in treatment synovial inflammation anti-synovial fibrosis knee osteoarthritis (KOA) macrogenomics combined with off-target metabolomics. We established synovitis model via vivo vitro experiments observe effect intervention on Moreover, we collected serum feces from rats analyzed changes macro-genome sequencing metabolites untargeted reduced levels IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, decreased protein expression α-SMA, TGF-β, Collagen I tissues cells, composition function were similarly altered. Combined macrogenomic pathway enrichment analysis metabolic analysis, these findings revealed impacts Bacteroidia Muribaculaceae abundance, following pathways: sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid arginine biology.to ameliorate KOA. KOA is partly attributed alleviation disorder rebalancing flora. These results provides rationale for application

Language: Английский

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Butyrate: a bridge between intestinal flora and rheumatoid arthritis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), intestinal flora imbalance and butyrate metabolism disorders precede clinical are associated the pathogenesis of RA. This can alter immunology permeability mucosa, leading to damage barrier. this context, bacteria their metabolites enter bloodstream reach distant target tissues host, resulting in local inflammation aggravating arthritis. Additionally, is also exacerbated by bone destruction immune tolerance due disturbed differentiation osteoclasts adaptive cells. Of note, a metabolite flora, which not only locally inhibits immunity targets zonulin tight junction proteins alleviate barrier-mediated but autoantibodies balances responses T B lymphocytes throughout body repress erosion inflammation. Therefore, key intermediate linking host. As result, restoring butyrate-producing capacity using exogenous potential therapeutic strategies for RA future.

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy-related complications in systemic lupus erythematosus

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 102864 - 102864

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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