Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden our society. Most patients infected are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only small proportion of progressed severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, cardiovascular disorders, is accompanied mortality rates near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for still lacking. It been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, initiate pathological response. Targeting interaction between holds promise developing strategies. In this review, we summarize discuss recent studies dedicated uncovering role life cycle aspects entry, assembly, pathogenesis an emphasis on glucose lipid metabolism. Microbiota long also discussed. Ultimately, recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, metformin.

Language: Английский

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Microvascular Thrombosis as a Critical Factor in Severe COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2492 - 2492

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Platelet-endothelial interactions have a critical role in microcirculatory function, which maintains tissue homeostasis. The subtle equilibrium between platelets and the vessel wall is disturbed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects all three components of Virchow's triad (endothelial injury, stasis hypercoagulable state). Endotheliitis, vasculitis, glycocalyx degradation, alterations blood flow viscosity, neutrophil extracellular trap formation microparticle shedding are only few pathomechanisms contributing to endothelial damage microthrombosis resulting capillary plugging ischemia. In following opinion paper, we discuss major pathological processes leading microvascular activation thrombosis as possible adverse factor driving deterioration patient course severe COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Hematological alterations associated with long COVID-19

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 24, 2023

Long COVID-19 is a condition characterized by persistent symptoms lasting beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. produces diverse symptomatology and can impact organs systems, including hematological system. Several studies have reported, in patients, abnormalities. Most these alterations are associated with higher risk severe disease poor outcomes. This literature review identified reporting parameters individuals Findings suggest that range sustained alterations, red blood cells, anemia, lymphopenia, elevated levels inflammatory markers such as ferritin, D-dimer, IL-6. These may contribute to better understanding pathophysiology its symptoms. However, further research needed elucidate underlying mechanisms potential treatments for changes

Language: Английский

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Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2239 - 2239

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

The global action against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, shed light on endothelial dysfunction. Although primarily affects the pulmonary system, multiple studies have documented pan-vascular involvement in COVID-19. virus is able to penetrate barrier, damaging it directly or indirectly and causing endotheliitis multi-organ injury. Several mechanisms cooperate development of dysfunction, including cell injury pyroptosis, hyperinflammation cytokine storm syndrome, oxidative stress reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, thrombosis. After acute-phase some patients reported signs symptoms a systemic disorder known as long COVID, which broad range cardiovascular (CV) disorders emerged. To date, exact pathophysiology COVID remains unclear: addition persistence infection mechanisms, specific pathways CV damage been postulated, such persistent viral reservoirs heart an autoimmune response cardiac antigens through molecular mimicry. aim this review provide overview main patterns enduring activation following offer latest summary complications COVID.

Language: Английский

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Interplay between Comorbidities and Long COVID: Challenges and Multidisciplinary Approaches

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 835 - 835

Published: July 11, 2024

Long COVID, a name often given to the persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses multifaceted challenge for health. This review explores intrinsic relationship between comorbidities and autoimmune responses in shaping trajectory of long COVID. Autoantibodies have emerged as significant players COVID-19 pathophysiology, with implications disease severity progression. Studies show immune dysregulation persisting months after marked by activated innate cells high cytokine levels. The presence autoantibodies against various autoantigens suggests their potential comorbid factors Additionally, formation complexes may lead severe progression, highlighting urgency early detection intervention. Furthermore, COVID is highly linked cardiovascular complications neurological symptoms, posing challenges diagnosis management. Multidisciplinary approaches, including vaccination, tailored rehabilitation, pharmacological interventions, are used mitigating COVID’s burden. However, numerous persist, from evolving diagnostic criteria addressing psychosocial impact predicting outcomes. Leveraging AI-based applications holds promise enhancing patient management improving our understanding As research continues unfold, unravelling complexities remains paramount effective intervention care.

Language: Английский

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Biological mechanisms underpinning the development of long COVID

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 106935 - 106935

Published: May 18, 2023

As COVID-19 evolves from a pandemic to an endemic disease, the already staggering number of people that have been or will be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is only destined increase, and majority humanity infected. It well understood COVID-19, like many other viral infections, leaves significant fraction prolonged consequences. Continued high evolution escape post-infection vaccinal immunity, reinfections heighten potential impact Long COVID. Hence, on human health seen for years come until more effective vaccines pharmaceutical treatments become available. To effect, it imperative mechanisms underlying clinical manifestations COVID elucidated. In this article, we provide in-depth analysis evidence several discuss their relevance its pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Comprehensive Assessment: From Clinical Diagnosis to Imaging and Biochemical-Guided Diagnosis and Management

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 533 - 533

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

The COVID-19 outbreak was first reported in 2019, causing massive morbidity and mortality. majority of the patients survived developed Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PC19S) varying severity. Currently, diagnosis PC19S is achieved through history symptomatology that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. However, heavy reliance on subjective reporting prone to errors. Besides, there no unified diagnostic assessment tool classify clinical severity patients. This leads significant difficulties when managing terms public resource utilization, progression monitorization rehabilitation plan formulation. narrative review aims current evidence based triple assessment: symptomatology, biochemical analysis imaging evidence. Further tools can monitor patient’s progression, prognosis intervals monitoring. It also highlights high-risk features for closer earlier Rehabilitation programs related trials are evaluated; however, most them focus cardiorespiratory fitness psychiatric presentations such as anxiety depression. research required establish objective comprehensive facilitate management plans.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Outcomes and prospects

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 32 - 54

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), etiologically related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), has drawn attention new clinical and fundamental problems in immunopathology human diseases associated with virus-induced autoimmunity autoinflammation. provision that “the experience gained rheumatology process studying pathogenetic mechanisms pharmacotherapy immunoinflammatory rheumatic as most common severe forms autoimmune autoinflammatory pathology humans will be demand for deciphering nature pathological processes underlying COVID-19 developing approaches effective pharmacotherapy” was confirmed numerous studies conducted over next 3 years midst pandemic. main focus on a critical analysis data regarding role inflammation, which basis pathogenesis immune-mediated context COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Long Covid

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 244 - 244

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: recent literature systematically analyzed to categorize examine symptomatology pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines diverse multiple emphasizing its complexity challenges diagnosis treatment. Factors such pre-existing conditions, initial severity, vaccination status, gender, age were identified influential manifestation persistence symptoms. This condition is highlighted disease capable enduring an period presenting new symptoms time. (4) Conclusions: emerges with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating findings underscore necessity nuanced understanding effectively manage address evolving nature this

Language: Английский

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