Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
Abstract
Cell-free
biocatalysis
is
gaining
momentum
in
the
production
of
value-added
chemicals,
particularly
stepwise
reaction
cascades.
However,
stability
enzyme
cascades
industrial
settings
often
compromised
when
using
free
enzymes.
In
this
study,
we
have
developed
a
stable
multifunctional
heterogeneous
biocatalyst
co-immobilizing
five
enzymes
on
microparticles
to
transform
1,ω-diols
into
1,ω-hydroxy
acids.
We
improved
operational
efficiency
and
by
fine-tuning
loading
spatial
organization.
Stability
issues
are
overcome
through
post-immoblization
polymer
coating.
The
general
applicability
demonstrated
its
scale-up
both
batch
packed
bed
reactors,
allowing
product
yield
>
80%.
continuous
process
fed
with
H2O2
as
oxygen
source,
reaching
Space-Time
Yield
(STY)
0.76
g·L−
1·h−
1,
maintained
for
first
12
hours.
Finally,
flow
system
telescoped
second
plug-flow
reactor
different
biocatalyst.
As
result,
6-enzyme
2-reactor
sequentially
transforms
1,ω-aminoacids
while
in-situ
recycling
NAD+,
depleting
generating
O2.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(4), P. 939 - 939
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Enzyme
immobilization
plays
a
critical
role
in
enhancing
the
efficiency
and
sustainability
of
biocatalysis,
addressing
key
challenges
such
as
limited
enzyme
stability,
short
shelf
life,
difficulties
recovery
recycling,
which
are
pivotal
for
green
chemistry
industrial
applications.
Classical
approaches,
including
adsorption,
entrapment,
encapsulation,
covalent
bonding,
well
advanced
site-specific
methods
that
integrate
engineering
bio-orthogonal
chemistry,
were
discussed.
These
techniques
enable
precise
control
over
orientation
interaction
with
carriers,
optimizing
catalytic
activity
reusability.
Key
findings
highlight
impact
on
improving
performance
under
various
operational
conditions
its
reducing
process
costs
through
enhanced
stability
recyclability.
The
review
presents
numerous
practical
applications
immobilized
enzymes,
their
use
pharmaceutical
industry
drug
synthesis,
food
sector
dairy
processing,
environmental
biotechnology
wastewater
treatment
dye
degradation.
Despite
significant
advantages,
loss
due
to
conformational
changes
mass
transfer
limitations
remain,
necessitating
tailored
protocols
specific
integration
modern
biotechnological
advancements,
site-directed
mutagenesis
recombinant
DNA
technology,
offers
promising
pathway
developing
robust,
efficient,
sustainable
biocatalytic
systems.
This
comprehensive
guide
aims
support
researchers
industries
selecting
diverse
pharmaceuticals,
fine
chemicals.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(18), P. 6452 - 6452
Published: Sept. 6, 2023
Biocatalysis
can
be
applied
in
aqueous
media
and
different
non-aqueous
solutions
(non-conventional
media).
Water
is
a
safe
solvent,
yet
many
synthesis-wise
interesting
substrates
cannot
dissolved
solutions,
thus
low
concentrations
are
often
applied.
Conversely,
non-conventional
may
enable
higher
substrate
loadings
but
at
the
cost
of
using
(fossil-based)
organic
solvents.
This
paper
determines
CO2
production-expressed
as
kg
CO2·kg
product-1-of
generic
biotransformations
water
media,
assessing
both
upstream
downstream.
The
key
to
reaching
diminished
environmental
footprint
type
wastewater
treatment
implemented.
If
used
chemicals
conventional
(mild)
treatment,
production
limited.
other
(pre)treatments
for
needed
eliminate
hazardous
solvents,
impacts
expected
(based
on
production).
biocatalysis
more
sustainable
during
unit-the
biocatalytic
step-than
systems.
However,
processes
with
need
incorporate
extractive
solvents
downstream
processing.
Both
strategies
result
comparable
if
recycled
least
1-2
times.
Under
these
conditions,
industrial
biotransformation
100
g
L-1
loading
would
produce
15-25
product-1
regardless
media.
Journal of Flow Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 211 - 218
Published: Oct. 23, 2023
Abstract
Flow
biocatalysis
has
emerged
as
an
empowering
tool
to
boost
the
potential
of
enzymatic
reactions
towards
more
automatized,
sustainable,
and
generally
efficient
synthetic
processes.
In
last
fifteen
years,
increasing
number
biocatalytic
transformations
carried
out
in
continuous
flow
exemplified
benefits
that
this
technology
can
bring
incorporate
into
industrial
operations.
This
perspective
aims
capture
a
nutshell
available
methodologies
for
well
discuss
current
limitations
future
directions
field.
Graphical
abstract
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(25), P. 9474 - 9489
Published: June 10, 2024
Cell-free
biocatalysis
is
gaining
momentum
in
producing
value-added
chemicals,
particularly
stepwise
reaction
cascades.
However,
the
stability
of
enzyme
cascades
industrial
settings
often
compromised
when
free
enzymes
are
involved.
In
this
study,
we
have
developed
a
stable
multifunctional
heterogeneous
biocatalyst
coimmobilizing
five
on
microparticles
to
transform
1,ω-diols
into
1,ω-hydroxy
acids.
We
improved
operational
efficiency
and
by
fine-tuning
loading
spatial
organization.
Stability
issues
overcome
through
postimmobilization
polymer
coating.
The
general
applicability
demonstrated
its
scale-up
both
batch
packed
bed
reactors,
allowing
product
yield
>80%.
continuous
process
fed
with
H
Journal of Flow Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 85 - 96
Published: Nov. 7, 2023
Abstract
The
number
of
biocatalyzed
reactions
at
industrial
level
is
growing
rapidly
together
with
our
understanding
on
how
we
can
maximize
the
enzyme
efficiency,
stability
and
productivity.
While
biocatalysis
nowadays
recognized
as
a
greener
way
to
operate
in
chemistry,
its
combination
continuous
processes
has
lately
come
up
powerful
tool
enhance
process
selectivity,
productivity
sustainability.
This
perspective
aims
describing
recent
advances
this
technology
future
developments
leading
smart,
efficient
strategies
for
optimization
large-scale
production.
Graphical
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
development
of
sustainable
chemistry
underlying
the
quest
to
minimize
and/or
valorize
waste
in
carbon‐neutral
manufacture
chemicals
is
followed
over
last
four
five
decades.
Both
chemo‐
and
biocatalysis
have
played
an
indispensable
role
this
odyssey.
particular
developments
protein
engineering,
metagenomics
bioinformatics
preceding
three
decades
a
crucial
supporting
facilitating
widespread
application
both
whole
cell
cell‐free
biocatalysis.
pressing
need,
driven
by
climate
change
mitigation,
for
drastic
reduction
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions,
has
precipitated
energy
transition
based
on
decarbonization
defossilization
organic
production.
latter
involves
biomass
CO
2
as
feedstock
green
electricity
generated
using
solar,
wind,
hydroelectric
or
nuclear
energy.
use
polysaccharides
feedstocks
will
underpin
renaissance
carbohydrate
with
pentoses
hexoses
base
bio‐based
solvents
polymers
environmentally
friendly
downstream
products.
availability
inexpensive
solar
led
increasing
attention
electro(bio)catalysis
photo(bio)catalysis
which
turn
leading
myriad
innovations
these
fields.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 20, 2025
Soybean
is
one
of
the
most
important
crops
worldwide,
being
placed
ninth
on
chart
cultivated
species.
Its
high
level
production
correlates
with
a
huge
amount
waste
produced.
These
residues
could
be
great
interest
due
to
presence
high-value-added
molecules,
including
some
glycosides
(i.e.,
daidzin,
genistin,
glycitin)
widely
studied
for
their
potent
antioxidant
properties.
Due
low
bioavailability
and
limited
solubility
in
lipidic
media,
lipophilization
strategies
have
recently
gained
momentum
improve
glycitin
applications
as
multifunctional
additives
food,
pharmaceutical,
cosmetic
sectors.
In
this
context,
starting
from
soybean
glycosides,
we
followed
two
parallel
approaches,
i.e.,
hydrolysis
obtain
corresponding
aglycones
possessing
better
pharmacokinetic
profile
esterification
sugar
primary
alcohol
short-chain
fatty
acids.
First,
homemade
extremophilic
glycosidase
(HOR)
Halothermothrix
orenii
has
been
employed
preparation
(molar
conversion
96–99%)
both
water
biphasic
media
(water/2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane
1:1).
Subsequently,
reactions
butanoic,
hexanoic,
octanoic
acids
carried
out
using
commercially
available
immobilized
lipase
B
Candida
antarctica
(CaLB)
under
flow
conditions
produce
modified
physicochemical
properties
implemented
preparations.
Noteworthily,
compared
batch
methodology,
compound
1
(6-O-octanoildaidzin)
was
obtained
drastic
reduction
reaction
time
(30
min
vs
18
h)
consequent
9-fold
increase
specific
rates
(0.15
0.017
μmol/(min·g)).
Comptes Rendus Chimie,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
28(G1), P. 349 - 359
Published: April 7, 2025
Biocatalysis
and
flow
chemistry
are
two
complementary
technologies
that
can
be
used
to
produce
chemicals
in
a
more
efficient,
sustainable,
safe
manner.
Enzyme
immobilization
is
key
enabling
their
combination.
Various
methods,
including
carrier-free
carrier-based
techniques,
offer
distinct
advantages
terms
of
enzyme
activity,
stability,
productivity.
This
review
explores
these
strategies
integration
packed-bed
reactors,
highlighting
industrial
applications
potential
challenges.
RSC Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(7), P. 1722 - 1736
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
developments
in
enzymology
and
biocatalytic
processes
designed
as
per
the
rules
of
green
chemistry
engineering
are
keys
to
concepts
biorefinery
bioeconomy
which
turn
enable
sustainable
development.
