Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: July 27, 2023
Obesity
is
a
heterogeneous
disease
that
affects
almost
one-third
of
the
global
population.
A
clear
association
has
been
established
between
obesity
and
cardiovascular
(CVD).
However,
CVD
risk
known
to
be
related
more
local
distribution
fat
than
total
body
fat.
Visceral
adipose
tissue
(VAT)
in
particular
high
impact
on
risk.
This
manuscript
reviews
role
VAT
residual
CV
available
therapeutic
strategies
for
decreasing
accumulation.
Among
many
pathways
involved
risk,
particularly
accumulation
play
major
by
generating
low-grade
systemic
inflammation,
which
turn
prognostic
all-cause
mortality
myocardial
infarction.
In
recent
years,
approaches
have
developed
reduce
weight.
Orlistat
was
shown
both
weight
but
low
tolerability
drug-drug
interactions.
Naltrexone-bupropion
combination
lowers
frequent
side
effects
contraindicated
patients
with
uncontrolled
hypertension.
Liraglutide
semaglutide,
glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1)
agonists,
are
latest
drugs
approved
treatment
obesity,
induce
significant
loss.
Liraglutide,
semaglutide
other
GLP-1
agonists
also
showed
positive
effect
outcomes
diabetic
patients.
addition,
liraglutide
specifically
inflammatory
biomarkers
obese
without
diabetes.
promising
compounds
limit
inflammation
human
visceral
adipocytes.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
74(6), P. 852 - 855
Published: May 5, 2020
COVID-19
is
causing
a
global
pandemic
with
high
number
of
deaths
and
infected
people.
To
contain
the
diffusion
virus,
Governments
have
enforced
restrictions
on
outdoor
activities
or
even
collective
quarantine
population.
One
important
consequence
change
in
lifestyle:
reduced
physical
activity
unhealthy
diet.
2019
guidelines
for
primary
prevention
cardiovascular
disease
indicate
that
"Adults
should
engage
at
least
150
minute
per
week
accumulated
moderate-intensity
75
vigorous-intensity
aerobic
(or
an
equivalent
combination
moderate
vigorous
activity)
to
reduce
ASCVD
risk."
During
quarantine,
strategies
further
increase
home-based
follow
healthy
diet
be
implemented.
Quarantine
carries
some
long-term
effects
disease,
mainly
related
lifestyle
anxiety.
Following
action
supporting
mandatory
encourage
people
return
good
lifestyle.
Obesity,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
28(7), P. 1191 - 1194
Published: April 21, 2020
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
the
worst
pandemic
in
more
than
a
century,
has
claimed
>125,000
lives
worldwide
to
date.
Emerging
predictors
for
poor
outcomes
include
advanced
age,
male
sex,
preexisting
cardiovascular
disease,
and
risk
factors
including
hypertension,
diabetes,
and,
recently,
obesity.
This
article
posits
new
obesity-driven
of
COVID-19
outcomes,
over
above
obvious
extant
risks
associated
with
obesity,
cardiometabolic
hypoventilation
syndrome
intensive
care
patients.
also
outlines
theoretical
mechanistic
framework
whereby
adipose
tissue
individuals
obesity
may
act
as
reservoir
extensive
viral
spread,
increased
shedding,
immune
activation,
cytokine
amplification.
paper
proposes
studies
test
this
concept
focus
on
specific
pathways
that
might
be
amplified
COVID-19.
Finally,
underscores
emerging
therapeutic
strategies
benefit
subsets
patients
which
amplification
is
excessive
potentially
fatal.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(14), P. 7644 - 7644
Published: July 16, 2021
Many
approaches
have
been
used
in
the
effective
management
of
type
2
diabetes
mellitus.
A
recent
paradigm
shift
has
focused
on
role
adipose
tissues
development
and
treatment
disease.
Brown
(BAT)
white
(WAT)
are
two
main
types
with
beige
subsets
more
recently
identified.
They
play
key
roles
communication
insulin
sensitivity.
However,
WAT
shown
to
contribute
significantly
endocrine
function.
produces
hormones
cytokines,
collectively
called
adipocytokines,
such
as
leptin
adiponectin.
These
adipocytokines
proven
vary
conditions,
metabolic
dysfunction,
diabetes,
or
inflammation.
The
regulation
fat
storage,
energy
metabolism,
satiety,
release
all
features
tissues.
As
such,
they
indicators
that
may
provide
insights
dysfunction
can
be
considered
routes
for
therapeutic
considerations.
essential
vis-a-vis
appetite,
storage
energy,
glucose
tolerance,
release,
solidifies
tissue
pathogenesis
mellitus
complications
associated
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 524 - 524
Published: May 7, 2021
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
associated
with
human
aging.
Ten
percent
of
individuals
over
65
years
have
AD
and
its
prevalence
continues
to
rise
increasing
age.
There
are
currently
no
effective
modifying
treatments
for
AD,
resulting
in
increasingly
large
socioeconomic
personal
costs.
Increasing
age
an
increase
low-grade
chronic
inflammation
(inflammaging)
that
may
contribute
the
process
AD.
Although
exact
mechanisms
remain
unclear,
aberrant
elevation
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species
(RONS)
levels
from
several
endogenous
exogenous
processes
brain
not
only
affect
cell
signaling,
but
also
trigger
cellular
senescence,
inflammation,
pyroptosis.
Moreover,
compromised
immune
privilege
allows
infiltration
peripheral
cells
infectious
agents
play
role.
Additionally,
meta-inflammation
as
well
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis
drive
neuroinflammatory
process.
Considering
inflammatory/immune
pathways
dysregulated
parallel
cognitive
dysfunction
elucidating
relationship
between
central
nervous
system
facilitate
development
safe
therapy
We
discuss
some
current
ideas
on
inflammaging
appear
summarize
details
few
immunomodulatory
strategies
being
developed
selectively
target
detrimental
aspects
neuroinflammation
without
affecting
defense
against
pathogens
tissue
damage.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(5), P. 1290 - 1290
Published: April 27, 2023
Adipokines
are
cell-signaling
proteins
secreted
by
adipose
tissue
that
has
been
related
to
a
low-grade
state
of
inflammation
and
different
pathologies.
The
present
review
aims
analyze
the
role
adipokines
in
health
disease
order
understand
important
functions
effects
these
cytokines.
For
this
aim,
delves
into
type
adipocytes
cytokines
produced,
as
well
their
functions;
relations
diseases
such
cardiovascular,
atherosclerosis,
mental
diseases,
metabolic
disorders,
cancer,
eating
behaviors;
finally,
microbiota,
nutrition,
physical
activity
is
discussed.
This
information
would
allow
for
better
understanding
on
body
organisms.
European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
29(17), P. 2218 - 2237
Published: Aug. 25, 2022
The
ongoing
obesity
epidemic
represents
a
global
public
health
crisis
that
contributes
to
poor
outcomes,
reduced
quality
of
life,
and
>2.8
million
deaths
each
year.
Obesity
is
relapsing,
progressive,
heterogeneous.
It
considered
chronic
disease
by
the
World
Federation
(WOF)
condition
Heart
(WHF).
People
living
with
overweight/obesity
are
at
greater
risk
for
cardiovascular
(CV)
morbidity
mortality.
Increased
adiposity
(body
fat),
particularly
visceral/abdominal
fat,
linked
CV
(CVD)
via
multiple
direct
indirect
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
development
CVD
driven,
in
part,
obesity-related
metabolic,
endocrinologic,
immunologic,
structural,
humoral,
haemodynamic,
functional
alterations.
complex
multifaceted
nature
these
mechanisms
can
be
challenging
understand
address
clinical
practice.
often
have
concurrent
physical
or
psychological
disorders
(multimorbidity)
requiring
multidisciplinary
care
pathways
polypharmacy.
Evidence
indicates
intentional
weight
loss
(particularly
when
substantial)
lowers
among
people
overweight/obesity.
Long-term
maintenance
require
commitment
from
both
individual
those
responsible
their
care.
This
position
paper,
developed
WOF
WHF,
aims
improve
understanding
links
between
CVD,
key
controversies
this
area
evidence
relating
cardiometabolic
outcomes
available
management
options.
Finally,
an
action
plan
clinicians
provides
recommendations
help
identifying
addressing
risks
(recognizing
resource
support
variances
countries).
