Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared cells, cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects their parental cells embryonic adult through vertical delivery of pluripotency or multipotency. After a thorough search meticulous dissection relevant literature the last five years, we present this comprehensive, up-to-date, specialty-specific disease-oriented review highlight surgical application exosomes. derived (e.g., embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, endothelial cells) are capable treating encountered in orthopedic neurosurgery, plastic general cardiothoracic urology, head neck ophthalmology, obstetrics gynecology. The diverse cells-derived hierarchical translation tissue-specific responses, cell-specific molecular signaling pathways. In review, viable potent alternative managing various conditions. We recommend future research combines wisdoms surgeons, nanomedicine practitioners, cell researchers intriguing area.

Language: Английский

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Exosome engineering in cell therapy and drug delivery

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 145 - 169

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one the most serious threats to human health, attributed factors such as emergence new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments lifestyles, aging population. Despite rapid advancements mechanistic research development for these current treatments often have limited efficacy notable side effects, necessitating more effective targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support prevention, treatment, detection inflammation-associated diseases. Various types nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving vaccine vehicles enhance immunogenicity carriers improve targeting bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens inflammation. addition, facilitated biosensors pathogen imaging techniques This review categorizes characterizes different NPs, summarizes their applications It discusses challenges associated with clinical translation this field explores latest developments prospects. conclusion, opens up possibilities comprehensive management

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1946 - 1946

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in situations, only provide partial protection. A new class of nanoparticle-based has shown considerable promise addressing majority shortcomings traditional and subunit vaccines. This due recent breakthroughs chemical biological engineering, which allow for exact regulation nanoparticle size, shape, functionality, surface characteristics, resulting improved antigen presentation robust immunogenicity. blend physicochemical, immunological, toxicological experiments can be used accurately characterize nanovaccines. narrative review will an overview current scenario nanovaccine.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes based strategies for brain drug delivery

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 121949 - 121949

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 24, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are with a lipid bilayer membrane on the outside, which widely found in various body fluids and contain biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids proteins inside. EVs were once thought to be for removal of waste materials, but now known involved variety pathophysiological processes many diseases. This study examines advantage challenges associated their application. A more rational use advantageous properties composition specificity, specific targeting, circulatory stability, active penetration barriers, high efficient drug delivery vehicles anticancer vaccines, oxidative phosphorylation activity enzymatic activity, resolution shortcomings isolation purification methods, storage conditions pharmacokinetics biodistribution patterns during will facilitate clinical application EVs.

Language: Английский

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Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(14), P. 7986 - 7986

Published: July 20, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, have received much attention, as they rich in biological components such nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles tissue regeneration disease modification. In addition, can be developed vaccines against cancer infectious diseases, the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants virulent factors. therapeutic applications typically collected from conditioned media cultured cells. However, number is limited. Thus, it critical to devise new strategies large-scale production EVs. Here, we discussed utilized researchers scalable Techniques bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical thermal magnetic field topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure small molecules, nanoparticles, increasing intracellular calcium concentration, genetic modification been used improve secretion nitrogen cavitation, porous extrusion, sonication prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles share many characteristics naturally Apart inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions also reported modify EVs' cargo thus their functionality potential. summary, imperative identify a reliable technique produce large quantities consistently. Ideally, produced should possess improved

Language: Английский

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Nanovaccines: A game changing approach in the fight against infectious diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 115597 - 115597

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

The field of nanotechnology has revolutionised global attempts to prevent, treat, and eradicate infectious diseases in the foreseen future. Nanovaccines have proven be a valuable pawn this novel technology. are made up nanoparticles that associated with or prepared components can stimulate host's immune system. In addition their delivery capabilities, nanocarriers been demonstrated possess intrinsic adjuvant properties, working as cell stimulators. Thus, nanovaccines potential promote rapid well long-lasting humoral cellular immunity. several possible benefits, including site-specific antigen delivery, increased bioavailability, diminished adverse effect profile. To avail these nanoparticle-based vaccines being developed, virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, lipid emulsion vaccines, exomes, inorganic nanoparticles. Inspired by distinctive researchers on development for variety applications, such cancer immunotherapy diseases. Although few challenges still need overcome, modulation nanoparticle pharmacokinetics avoid elimination from bloodstream reticuloendothelial system, future prospects technology also assuring, multiple options personalised needle-free formulations, combination promising candidates.

Language: Английский

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Exosome as drug delivery system: Current advancements

Extracellular Vesicle, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100032 - 100032

Published: Dec. 9, 2023

Exosomes are nanovesicles released from cells due to pathophysiological events. These nanoparticles resistant metabolic destruction and can transcend the blood-brain barrier. Exosome therapy could be employed as precision medicine by targeting underlying etiology. This article briefly elucidates basic physiology of exosomes, their types, characteristics, cargo that for drug administration. It then delves into therapeutic applications, such oncology, neurological disorders, regenerative medicine. Exosome-based delivery using small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins is also demonstrated. Finally, global organizations successfully creating testing medicinal biomaterials highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 126 - 156

Published: March 2, 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine nanomedicine applications. properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization particularly clinical settings at large scale, is hindered expensive procedures required their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated remarkable ability accommodate various cargoes found extensive applications biomedical sciences. To overcome limitations broaden potential applications, researchers should strive deepen understanding current loading, characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about origins employing state-of-the-art methodologies expand research scope. This review provides comprehensive overview exosome-based strategies diverse domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, biomarker Furthermore, we emphasize immense exosomes medicine.

Language: Английский

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