Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 18, P. 743 - 759
Published: March 1, 2025
Background:
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
common
microvascular
complication
observed
in
people
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM).
The
triglyceride-glucose
(TyG)
index,
an
indicator
of
insulin
resistance,
has
uncertain
role
glycemic
management
T2DM
patients
at
risk
for
DR.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
the
association
between
TyG
index
and
DR
across
different
control
status.
Methods:
A
total
4,372
in-patients
from
Beijing
Tongren
Hospital
(2013–
2024)
were
included
this
study.
categorized
into
four
groups
based
on
quartiles
(Q1-Q4).
Participants
stratified
by
(Q1-Q4)
status
(HbA1c
<
7%,
7–
9%,
>
9%).
Restricted
cubic
spline
(RCS)
analysis,
logistic
regression,
subgroup
analyses
employed
explore
associations
among
risk.
Results:
Overall,
there
positive
highest
Q4
was
significantly
associated
increased
(odds
ratio
[OR]:
1.289;
95%
confidence
interval
[CI]:
1.008–
1.648,
P
0.05),
compared
lowest
Q1.
Significant
interaction
(
0.05).
Notably,
strongest
HbA1c
9%.
Conclusion:
relationship
high
more
pronounced
9%
group,
indicating
that
may
serve
as
useful
tool
making
stratification
patients.
Keywords:
retinopathy,
control,
glycated
hemoglobin
A1c,
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 10, 2024
Background
The
systemic
immuno-inflammation
index
(SII),
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
ratio
(NLR),
and
platelet-to-lymphocyte
(PLR)
are
widely
used
have
been
shown
to
be
predictive
indicators
of
various
diseases.
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN),
retinopathy
(DR),
peripheral
neuropathy
(DPN)
the
most
prominent
common
microvascular
complications,
which
seriously
negative
impacts
on
patients,
families,
society.
Exploring
associations
with
these
three
diabetic
complications
main
purpose.
Methods
There
were
1058
individuals
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
in
this
retrospective
cross-sectional
study.
SII,
NLR,
PLR
calculated.
diseases
diagnosed
by
endocrinologists.
Logistic
regression
subgroup
analysis
applied
evaluate
association
between
NLP,
complications.
Results
significantly
associated
risk
DN
[odds
ratios
(ORs):
1.52,
1.71,
1.60,
respectively]
DR
[ORs:
1.57,
1.79,
1.55,
multivariate
logistic
regression.
When
NLR
≥2.66,
OR
was
higher
for
DPN
(OR:
1.985,
95%
confidence
interval:
1.29–3.05).
Subgroup
showed
no
significant
positive
across
different
demographics
comorbidities,
including
sex,
age,
hypertension,
HbA1c
(glycated
hemoglobin),
dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
This
study
found
a
relationship
DN,
DR,
DPN.
In
contrast,
SII
only
DR.
Therefore,
diagnosis
highly
valuable.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 747 - 747
Published: March 27, 2024
The
escalating
global
prevalence
of
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
over
the
past
two
decades
has
led
to
a
persistent
high
incidence
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR),
necessitating
screening
for
early
symptoms
and
proper
treatment.
Effective
management
DR
aims
decrease
vision
impairment
by
controlling
modifiable
risk
factors
including
hypertension,
obesity,
dyslipidemia.
Moreover,
systemic
medications
plant-based
therapy
show
promise
in
advancing
One
key
mechanisms
related
pathogenesis
is
polyol
pathway,
through
which
aldose
reductase
(AR)
catalyzes
conversion
glucose
sorbitol
within
various
tissues,
retina,
lens,
ciliary
body
iris.
Elevated
levels
activate
AR,
leading
osmotic
stress,
advanced
glycation
end-product
formation,
oxidative
damage.
This
further
implies
chronic
inflammation,
vascular
permeability,
angiogenesis.
Our
comprehensive
narrative
review
describes
therapeutic
potential
inhibitors
treating
DR,
where
both
synthetic
natural
have
been
studied
recent
decades.
synthesis
guide
future
research
clinical
interventions
management.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 15, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
highly
tissue-specific
neurovascular
complication
of
type
1
and
2
diabetes
mellitus
among
the
leading
causes
blindness
worldwide.
Pathophysiological
changes
in
DR
encompass
neurodegeneration,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress.
Current
treatments
for
DR,
including
anti-vascular
endothelial
growth
factor,
steroids,
laser
photocoagulation,
vitrectomy
have
limitations
adverse
reactions,
necessitating
exploration
novel
treatment
strategies.
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
pathophysiology,
therapeutic
approaches,
available
drug-delivery
methods
treating
discuss
their
respective
development
potentials.
Recent
research
indicates
efficacy
receptor
inhibitors
agonists,
such
as
aldose
reductase
inhibitors,
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
alpha
drugs
delaying
DR.
Furthermore,
with
continuous
advancements
nanotechnology,
new
form
drug
delivery
has
been
developed
that
can
address
certain
clinical
therapy,
low
solubility
poor
penetration.
serves
theoretical
foundation
future
on
treatment.
While
highlighting
promising
targets,
it
underscores
need
enhance
our
understanding
pathogenesis.
The
potential
emphasize
importance
ongoing
this
field.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(36)
Published: April 14, 2023
Abstract
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
the
most
prevalent
type
of
retinal
vasculopathy
and
widespread
cause
preventable
blindness
in
adults.
Excessive
increases
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
are
major
initiators
drivers
DR
progression,
respectively.
However,
current
treatment
options
remain
limited,
particularly
for
early
DR.
Nanotechnology‐mediated
antioxidant
strategies
gaining
increasing
popularity
to
treat
ocular
diseases.
Quercetin
has
excellent
ROS
scavenging
efficiency
but
poor
stability
low
bioavailability
physiological
environments.
In
this
study,
ultrasmall
Fe‐Quer
nanozymes
(NZs)
formed
by
coupling
quercetin
with
low‐toxic
iron
ions
reported
that
can
mimic
activities
three
important
enzymes,
superoxide
dismutase,
catalase,
peroxidase,
thereby
exhibiting
water
dispersion
efficient
ability.
vitro
vivo
assays
validate
effects
NZs
against
inflammation,
oxidative
stress
damage,
microvascular
leakage,
angiogenesis,
their
protective
effect
Transcriptomic
analysis
further
reveals
a
potential
multitarget‐specific
therapeutic
mechanism
These
observations
open
avenues
NZs,
composed
molecules
natural
product
metal
artificial
NZ
activity,
as
agents
other
ROS‐related
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Oct. 2, 2023
As
the
most
common
type
of
refractive
error,
myopia
has
become
one
leading
causes
visual
impairment.
With
increasing
prevalence
myopia,
there
is
a
growing
need
to
better
understand
factors
involved
in
its
development.
Inflammation,
fundamental
pathophysiological
processes
humans,
rapid
response
triggered
by
harmful
stimuli
and
conditions.
Although
controlled
inflammatory
responses
are
necessary,
over-activated
inflammation
soil
for
many
diseases.
The
impact
on
received
rising
attention
recent
years.
Elevated
may
contribute
progression
either
directly
or
indirectly
inducing
scleral
remodeling,
development
also
increase
ocular
inflammation.
This
article
provides
comprehensive
review
interplay
between
potential
biological
mechanisms,
which
present
new
targets
understanding
pathology
developing
therapies.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3)
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract
The
circadian
clock
system
orchestrates
daily
behavioral
and
physiological
rhythms,
facilitating
adaptation
to
environmental
internal
oscillations.
Disruptions
in
rhythms
have
been
linked
increased
susceptibility
various
diseases
can
exacerbate
existing
conditions.
This
review
delves
into
the
intricate
regulation
of
diurnal
gene
expression
cell
function
by
clocks
across
diverse
tissues.
.
Specifically,
we
explore
rhythmicity
expressions,
behaviors,
functions
both
immune
non‐immune
cells,
elucidating
regulatory
effects
mechanisms
imposed
clocks.
A
detailed
discussion
is
centered
on
complex
regulating
key
cellular
signaling
pathways.
We
further
diseases,
with
a
focus
inflammatory
cancers,
systemic
diseases.
By
highlighting
intimate
interplay
between
especially
through
clock‐controlled
function,
this
contributes
development
novel
disease
intervention
strategies.
enhanced
understanding
holds
significant
promise
for
design
targeted
therapies
that
exploit
improved
treatment
efficacy.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
To
determine
the
correlations
between
six
serological
inflammatory
markers,
namely
systemic
immune-inflammation
index
(SII),
response
(SIRI),
aggregate
of
inflammation
(AISI),
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
ratio
(NLR),
platelet-to-lymphocyte
(PLR),
and
monocyte-to-lymphocyte
(MLR),
various
stages
type
2
diabetic
retinopathy
(T2DR).
Additionally,
diagnostic
value
these
markers
in
T2DR
was
evaluated.
Clinical
data
were
collected
from
a
total
397
patients
with
diabetes
who
visited
ophthalmology
department
at
Mian
Yang
Central
Hospital
Affiliated
Southwest
Medical
University
January
2023
to
December
2023.
Based
on
results
fundus
photography,
categorized
into
non-diabetic
group
(NDR,
n
=
121),
non-proliferative
(NPDR,
77),
proliferative
(PDR,
199).
General
patient
information
including
SII,
SIRI,
AIRI,
NLR,
PLR,
MLR,
compared
among
groups,
their
analyzed.
The
SII
values
found
be
significantly
higher
PDR
NPDR
group,
which
turn
than
those
NDR
(P
<
0.05).
Similarly,
AISI
elevated
both
groups
SIRI
MLR
Furthermore,
NLR
PLR
Mantel‒Haenszel
chi-square
test
revealed
significant
linear
trend
incidence
0.001),
increasing
as
quartile
levels
increased.
Multivariate
logistic
regression
analysis
indicated
that,
NDR,
an
independent
risk
factor
for
(ORSII
1.002,
p
0.001)
P
0.001).
ROC
curve
suggested
that
combined
assessment
indices
had
highest
accuracy
evaluation
DR,
area
under
(AUC)
0.69,
sensitivity
54%,
specificity
75%.
this
study
indicate
is
T2DR.
A
close
correlation
observed
occurrence
progression
high
diagnosis
via
underscores
potential
early
biological
indicators
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR),
the
leading
cause
of
vision
loss
in
elderly
individuals,
coupled
with
limited
treatment
options,
has
prompted
efforts
to
identify
modifiable
risk
factors
associated
DR.
The
purpose
this
study
was
explore
associations
between
"weekend
warrior"
(WW)
physical
activity
(PA)
pattern
and
DR
U.S.
adults
examine
how
Hb
levels
mediate
relationship.
Cross-sectional
data
were
obtained
from
nationally
representative
NHANES
2007
2018.
PA
categorized
as
inactive,
insufficiently
active,
WW,
or
regularly
active
(RA).
ultimately
included
6145
adults,
including
1043
participants
5102
DM
but
not
Multivariate
logistic
regression
modelling
indicated
that
both
WW
(OR
=
0.631,
95%
CI
0.487–0.818,
P
<
0.001)
RA
0.738,
0.574–0.959,
0.018)
patterns
significant
protective
against
compared
inactive
pattern.
Moreover,
patterns,
did
show
a
association
DR,
whereas
1.355,
1.054–1.742,
factor.
Mediation
analysis
revealed
partial
mediation
effect
level
on
risk,
ratio
5.95%.
Our
are
association.
In
comparison,
is
most
cost
effective
for
prevention.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: March 7, 2024
Abstract
Myeloid
cells
including
microglia
and
macrophages
play
crucial
roles
in
retinal
homeostasis
by
clearing
cellular
debris
regulating
inflammation.
These
are
activated
several
blinding
ischemic
diseases
diabetic
retinopathy,
where
they
may
exert
both
beneficial
detrimental
effects
on
neurovascular
function
angiogenesis.
impact
the
progression
of
pathologies
recent
studies
suggest
that
targeting
myeloid
is
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
to
mitigate
retinopathy
other
diseases.
This
review
summarizes
advances
our
understanding
role
focuses
injury
angiogenesis
retinopathies.
We
highlight
gaps
knowledge
advocate
for
more
detailed
fully
unlock
potential
as
ischemia.
