Autoimmune pre-disease

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 103236 - 103236

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 3038 - 3038

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Lichen planus is a chronic disease affecting the skin, appendages, and mucous membranes. A cutaneous lichen rare occurring in less than 1% of general population, while oral illness up to five times more prevalent; still, both forms equally impair patient’s quality life. The etiology not entirely understood. Yet, immune-mediated mechanisms have been recognized since environmental factors such as hepatitis virus infection, mechanical trauma, psychological stress, or microbiome changes can trigger genetically susceptible individuals. According current understanding, immunopathogenesis caused by cell-mediated cytotoxicity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whose activity further influenced Th1 IL-23/Th-17 axis. However, other immunocytes inflammatory pathways complement these mechanisms. This paper presents comprehensive insight into actual knowledge about planus, with causal genetic being discussed, described, principal effectors its circuits identified.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus: State of the art and new insights

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Several clinical subtypes OLP have been reported, including reticular and erosive one. On one hand, usually asymptomatic characterized by white streaks surrounded well-defined erythematous borders. other shows ulcerations erosions While relatively easy to control, extremely painful refractory therapies, limiting quality life patients. In addition, treating tricky, gold standard treatment has not yet established. However, several therapeutic approaches reported as effective, systemic corticosteroids, retinoids, anti-interleukin (IL)-17/anti-IL-23 drugs. Indeed, our group authors effectiveness anti-IL17, anti-IL12/23, anti-IL23 agents in OLP, highlighting urgency studies on use anti-IL this paper, we reviewed English- German-language literature about strategies for focusing new therapies OLP.

Language: Английский

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Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Perspective on Genetic Factors Involved in the Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 2039 - 2039

Published: Aug. 21, 2022

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically consisting painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts mostly in, but not limited to, intertriginous areas. HS can be defined as complex with multifactorial etiologies, including-among others-genetic, immunologic, epigenetic, environmental factors. Based on genetic heterogeneity complexity, three different forms recognized considered separately sporadic, familial, syndromic. To date, several variants associated to susceptibility, disease-onset, and/or treatment response have been reported; some these reside in genes encoding gamma-secretase subunits whereas others involve autoinflammatory keratinization genes. The aim this perspective work provide an overview contribution studies encompassing family linkage analyses, target candidate gene studies, -omic field. In our viewpoint, we discuss role genetics suppurativa considering findings based Sanger sequencing well more recent Next Generation Sequencing (i.e., exome or RNA Sequencing) better understanding etio-pathogenesis identifying novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Systematic review of deep learning image analyses for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin disease

npj Digital Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Skin diseases affect one-third of the global population, posing a major healthcare burden. Deep learning may optimise workflows through processing skin images via neural networks to make predictions. A focus deep research is lesion triage detect cancer, but this not translate wider scope >2000 other diseases. We searched for studies applying images, excluding benign/malignant lesions (1/1/2000-23/6/2022, PROSPERO CRD42022309935). The primary outcome was accuracy algorithms in disease diagnosis or severity assessment. modified QUADAS-2 quality Of 13,857 references identified, 64 were included. most studied acne, psoriasis, eczema, rosacea, vitiligo, urticaria. had high specificity and variable sensitivity diagnosing these conditions. Accuracy acne (median 94%, IQR 86-98; n = 11), rosacea (94%, 90-97; 4), eczema (93%, 90-99; 9) psoriasis (89%, 78-92; 8) high. grading highest (range 93-100%, 2), (88%, 1), (67-86%, 4). However, 59 (92%) risk-of-bias judgements 62 (97%) high-level applicability concerns. Only 12 (19%) reported participant ethnicity/skin type. Twenty-four (37.5%) evaluated algorithm an independent dataset, clinical setting prospectively. These data indicate potential image analysis monitoring common Current has important methodological/reporting limitations. Real-world, prospectively-acquired datasets with external validation/testing will advance beyond current experimental phase towards clinically-useful tools mitigate rising health cost impacts disease.

Language: Английский

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Hidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease mechanisms and an evolving treatment landscape

British Journal of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 190(2), P. 149 - 162

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Abstract Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic disabling and debilitating inflammatory disease with high unmet medical need. The prevalence of HS reported in most studies 1–2%, although it likely to be under-reported estimates vary globally owing variance data collection methods, ethnicity, geographical location under-diagnosis. characterized by persistent, painful cutaneous nodules, abscesses draining tunnels commonly affecting the axillary, anogenital, inguinal perianal/gluteal areas. Over time, uncontrolled inflammation results irreversible tissue destruction scarring. Although pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-17 pathways have an important role, involving multiple cytokines. Currently, treatment options include topical medications; systemic therapies, including repeated and/or rotational courses antibiotics, retinoids hormonal therapies; various surgical procedures. anti-TNF-α antibody adalimumab currently only biologic approved both US Food Drug Administration European Medicines Agency for HS; however, its efficacy varies, clinical response approximately 50% patients phase III trials. rapidly evolving field discovery, diverse range agents distinct mechanisms action being explored Several other promising therapeutic targets recently emerged, targeting IL-17 Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer activator transcription (STAT) are advanced ongoing or completed Alongside limited options, significant challenges remain terms diagnosis management, need better outcomes. Other needs diagnostic delays, thus missing ‘window opportunity’; lack standardized outcome measures trials; established, well-defined phenotypes biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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An extensive review on phenolic compounds and their potential estrogenic properties on skin physiology

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Polyphenolic compounds constitute a diverse group of natural components commonly occurring in various plant species, known for their potential to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects. Additionally, these polyphenols have also been implicated as endocrine-disrupting (ED) chemicals, raising concerns about widespread use the cosmetics industry. In this comprehensive review, we focus on body literature pertaining estrogenic properties ED with particular emphasis interaction isoflavones estrogen receptors. Within aim elucidate multifaceted roles effects skin, exploring benefits well capacity act agents. By delving into intricate subject matter, intend provoke thoughtful consideration, effectively opening Pandora’s box questions reader ponder. Ultimately, invite contemplate whether should be regarded friends or foes realm skincare endocrine disruption.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape: A Narrative Review on Topical and Oral Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Dermatology

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 91 - 91

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines that mediate several chronic disorders, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In recent years, therapeutic armamentarium dermatology has expanded with introduction PDE4 inhibitors, both oral topical formulations. inhibitors have gained increasing interest due to their remarkable safety record ease prescription, as evidenced by influx literature detailing its off-label uses. Apremilast was first inhibitor approved US Food Drug Administration (FDA) European Medicines Agency (EMA) for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcers Behcet’s disease. Off-label use been reported diverse dermatological conditions, aphthous stomatitis, actinic dermatitis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus. Roflumilast a FDA EMA an treatment obstructive pulmonary Since patent expiration, generic formulations roflumilast become available, various studies documented other conditions such recurrent aphthosis, nummular eczema, Behçet’s Topical received approval plaque seborrheic The favorable profile encourages long-term alternative corticosteroids, addressing nature many conditions. New are being developed, orismilast (LEO-32731), mufemilast (Hemay005), difamilast (OPA-15406) or lotamilast (E6005/RVT-501), among others. This narrative review provides comprehensive pharmacology, clinical efficacy, profile, practical considerations regarding dermatology.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 151(4), P. 1015 - 1026

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1153 - 1153

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Over a hundred different autoimmune diseases have been described to date, which can affect every organ in the body, including largest one, skin. In fact, up one-fifth of world's population suffers from chronic, noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases, development is significantly influenced by an response. One hallmarks loss immune tolerance, leads formation autoreactive lymphocytes or autoantibodies and, consequently, chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The treatment mainly focuses on immunosuppression (using, e.g., corticosteroids) but almost never permanent mechanisms tolerance. addition, current therapies their long-term administration may cause serious adverse effects. Hence, safer more effective that bring sustained balance between pro- anti-inflammatory responses are still desired. Both intra- extracellular heat shock proteins (Hsps), specifically well-characterized inducible Hsp90 Hsp70 chaperones, highlighted as therapeutic targets for diseases. This review presents preclinical data involvement modulating response, context selected with emphasis bullous psoriasis.

Language: Английский

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