Tripartite Symbiosis Between Legumes, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen Fixing Rhizobia: Interactions and Regulation

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

ABSTRACT Legume plants can interact with nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) simultaneously, forming a tripartite symbiotic association. Co‐inoculation studies performed on variety of legumes have shown that AMF influence each other when they co‐occur in association affect host plant nutrition performance. Although single plant‐microbe interactions been extensively studied, our understanding the field is insufficient current knowledge cannot predict outcome, which appears to depend many parameters. In this review we examine state research legume‐rhizobium‐AMF symbiosis. We investigate dynamic interaction between two microsymbionts effect one microbe other, both at physiological molecular levels, result dual inoculation growth, fitness response stresses. Rhizobia extraradically intraradically, effects gene expression levels are observed, positively regulates nodulation, while root colonisation either or negatively. Factors observed regulate establishment function symbiosis, such as rhizobia‐AMF combination, identity environmental conditions discussed.

Language: Английский

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Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation

IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is integral to sustainable agriculture and enhances plant resilience abiotic biotic stressors. Through their symbiotic association with roots, AM improves nutrient water uptake, activates antioxidant defenses, facilitates hormonal regulation, contributing improved health productivity. Plants release strigolactones, which trigger spore germination hyphal branching, a process regulated by genes, such as D27 , CCD7 CCD8 MAX1 . recognition plants mediated receptor-like kinases (RLKs) LysM domains, leading the formation of arbuscules that optimize exchange. Hormonal regulation plays pivotal role in this symbiosis; cytokinins enhance colonization, auxins support arbuscule formation, brassinosteroids regulate root growth. Other hormones, salicylic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic abscisic also influence colonization stress responses, further bolstering resilience. In addition health, soil improving microbial diversity, structure, cycling, carbon sequestration. This supports pH pathogen suppression, offering alternative chemical fertilizers fertility. To maximize ’s potential agriculture, future research should focus on refining inoculation strategies, enhancing compatibility different crops, assessing long-term ecological economic benefits. Optimizing applications critical for agricultural resilience, food security, farming practices.

Language: Английский

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The Utilization and Roles of Nitrogen in Plants

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1191 - 1191

Published: July 10, 2024

Nitrogen (N) is an essential mineral element for plants and the main component of protein, nucleic acid, phospholipid, chlorophyll, hormones, vitamins alkaloids. It involved in all stages plant growth development. Low-N stress seriously hinders reduces yield quality. Plants have evolved a series elaborate regulatory mechanisms N uptake assimilation to cope with different soil states. After absorbed utilized by plants, it plays important roles phytohormones, microRNA (miRNA), root development mycorrhizal symbiosis environmental stress. Here, we highlight research progress on regulation absorption assimilation. Then, emphasize regarding hormone signals, miRNA, lateral growth, drought resistance, anthocyanin synthesis symbiosis. A thorough understanding uptake, utilization interaction other biological processes helpful improve use efficiency breed “less-input-more-output”.

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Plant–Microbe Interactions and Stress Tolerance in Maize

Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 1000 - 1015

Published: June 25, 2024

Beneficial microbes are crucial for improving crop adaptation and growth under various stresses. They enhance nutrient uptake, improve plant immune responses, help plants tolerate stresses like drought, salinity, heat. The yield potential of any is significantly influenced by its associated microbiomes their to different stressful environments. Therefore, it exciting understand the mechanisms plant–microbe interactions. Maize (Zea mays L.) one primary staple foods worldwide, in addition wheat rice. also an industrial globally, contributing 83% production use feed, starch, biofuel industries. requires significant nitrogen fertilization achieve optimal yield. highly susceptible heat, drought require innovative methods mitigate harmful effects environmental reduce chemical fertilizers. This review summarizes our current understanding beneficial interactions between maize specific microbes. These resilience stress increase productivity. For example, they regulate electron transport, downregulate catalase, upregulate antioxidants. We roles growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhancing tolerance maize. Additionally, we explore application these identify major knowledge gaps that need be addressed utilize fully.

Language: Английский

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sly‐miR408b Targets a Plastocyanin‐Like Protein to Regulate Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Tomato

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT Symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants plays a crucial role in nutrient acquisition stress resistance for terrestrial plants. microRNAs have been reported to participate the regulation of symbiosis by controlling expression their target genes. Herein, we found that sly‐miR408b was significantly downregulated response colonisation. Overexpression compromised colonisation Rhizophagus irregularis tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) roots. A basic blue protein gene SlBBP then identified as new miR408b tomato. The membrane‐located induced copper‐dependent manner. Importantly, loss function decreased root SOD activity, which may interfere with process scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mutation RBOH1 , encodes ROS‐producing enzymes NADPH oxidases, obviously reduced arbuscule abundance mutant Overall, our results provide evidence its regulate through mediating ROS production.

Language: Английский

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Influence of soil water content on chemical and microbiological characteristics of selected riparian forests in southern Brazil

Wetlands Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(2)

Published: March 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities and promoting the growth of alfalfa in saline ecosystems of northern China

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universally distributed in soils, including saline and can form symbiosis with the vast majority of higher plants. This reduce soil salinity influence plant growth development by improving nutrient uptake, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, regulating hormone levels. In this study, rhizosphere from eight plants Songnen saline–alkaline grassland was used to isolate, characterize, screen indigenous advantageous AMF. The promoting effect AMF on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) under salt treatment also investigated. findings showed that 40 species six genera were identified high-throughput sequencing. Glomus mosseae (G.m) etunicatum (G.e) dominant ecosystems northern China. Alfalfa inoculated different concentrations could be infested a symbiotic system. colonization rate dependence G.m inoculation significantly than those G.e inoculation. With concentration, increased height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), protein (SP), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content anion production rate. results highlight effectively alleviated stress, having significant resistance alfalfa. might play key role survival harsh conditions.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Environment

Mycobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 335 - 387

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Fungi and their natural products, like secondary metabolites, have gained a huge demand in the last decade due to increasing applications healthcare, environmental cleanup, biotechnology-based industries. The fungi produce these metabolites (SMs) during different phases of growth, which are categorized into terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides. These SMs exhibit significant biological activity, contributes formulation novel pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, bioremediation agents. Nowadays, fungal-derived widely used food beverages, for fermentation, preservatives, protein sources, dairy In it is being as an antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive drug. usage modern tools biotechnology can achieve increase large-scale production. present review comprehensively analyses diversity fungal along with emerging agriculture, sustainability, nutraceuticals. Here, authors reviewed recent advancements genetic engineering, metabolic pathway manipulation, synthetic biology improve production yield SMs. Advancement fermentation techniques, bioprocessing, co-cultivation approaches Investigators further highlighted importance omics technologies understanding regulation biosynthesis SMs, offers drug discovery sustainable agriculture. Finally, addressed potential manipulation biotechnological innovations exploitation commercial benefits.

Language: Английский

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EKSPLORASI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA PADA TINGKAT KELERENGAN LAHAN BERBEDA DI LAHAN KONSERVASI TANAMAN NANAS LOKAL

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 127 - 137

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) across varying land slope gradients in conservation area local pineapple plantations Majene Regency. The analysis was conducted on five categories: flat (0-8%), gentle (8-15%), moderately steep (15-25%), (25-45%), and very (>45%), examine spore density morphology AMF as well see its relationship ecological factors such climate topography. results revealed that significantly influenced density, with highest observed slopes. In contrast, lower densities were recorded flat, gentle, Four genera identified: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora. Glomus dominant all slopes, Acaulospora more prevalent moderate Gigaspora preferred Scutellospora detected limited quantities extreme Environmental factors, including stable temperatures (27.61 °C-27.77 °C), high relative humidity (79.44%-80.41%), precipitation levels, distribution morphology. These findings emphasize critical role topography supporting sustainability management strategies conserve biodiversity enhance crop productivity.

Language: Английский

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Do commercially available fungal biocontrol agents improve the quality of strawberries?

Scientia Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 114002 - 114002

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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