SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1687 - 1687

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered responsible for the disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly become public health emergency of international concern. Although remarkable scientific achievements have been reached since beginning pandemic, knowledge behind this novel coronavirus, in terms molecular and pathogenic characteristics zoonotic potential, still relatively limited. Today, there vaccine, or rather several vaccines, which, first time history highly contagious infectious diseases that plagued mankind, manufactured just one year. Currently, four vaccines are licensed by regulatory agencies, they use RNA viral vector technologies. The positive effects vaccination campaign being felt many parts world, but disappearance new infection far from reality, as it also threatened presence SARS-CoV-2 variants could undermine effectiveness hampering immunization control efforts. Indeed, current findings indicate adapting to transmission humans more efficiently, while further divergence initial archetype should be considered. In review, we aimed provide collection regarding molecular, phylogenetic, pathogenetic insights into SARS-CoV-2. most recent obtained with respect impact emerging well development implementation highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1193 - 1193

Published: June 10, 2022

COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection 6.26 deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First all, preventive vaccine, which has implemented record time, is effective more than 95% cases. Additionally, diagnostic field, there are molecular antigenic kits that equipped with high sensitivity specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for detection viral RNA currently considered gold-standard method SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples widespread screening. Moreover, additional, advanced methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) next-generation sequencing (NGS), under development detect RNA. However, number subjects infected continuously increases globally, health care systems being placed increased stress. Thus, clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping select especially asymptomatic individuals who actively carrying live replicating virus, fast non-invasive technologies. Recent strategies, other methods, adopted either antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antibody-based nasal swabs, well blood saliva samples. role mucosal sIgAs, essential control viruses entering body through surfaces, remains elucidated, particular immune response counteracting infection, primarily at site(s) virus entry appears promising.

Language: Английский

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Performance enhancement of the lateral flow immunoassay by use of composite nanoparticles as signal labels

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 117441 - 117441

Published: Nov. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Incidence of new-onset hypertension before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study in a large population

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract Background While the augmented incidence of diabetes after COVID-19 has been widely confirmed, controversial results are available on risk developing hypertension during pandemic. Methods We designed a longitudinal cohort study to analyze closed followed up over 7-year period, i.e., 3 years before and pandemic, 2023, when pandemic was declared be over. analyzed medical records more than 200,000 adults obtained from cooperative primary physicians January 1, 2017, December 31, 2023. The main outcome new diagnosis hypertension. Results evaluated 202,163 individuals in pre-pandemic 190,743 years, totaling 206,857 including 2023 data. rate 2.11 (95% C.I. 2.08–2.15) per 100 person-years 2017–2019, increasing 5.20 5.14–5.26) period 2020–2022 (RR = 2.46), 6.76 6.64–6.88) marked difference trends between first two successive observation periods substantiated by fitted regression lines Poisson models conducted monthly log-incidence Conclusions detected significant increase new-onset which at end affected ~ 20% studied cohort, percentage higher infection within same time frame. This suggests that increased attention screening should not limited who aware having contracted but extended entire population.

Language: Английский

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Standardised quantitative assays for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response used in vaccine clinical trials by the CEPI Centralized Laboratory Network: a qualification analysis

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. e216 - e225

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

BackgroundAccurate quantitation of immune markers is crucial for ensuring reliable assessment vaccine efficacy against infectious diseases. This study was designed to confirm standardised performance SARS-CoV-2 assays used evaluate COVID-19 candidates at the initial seven laboratories (in North America, Europe, and Asia) Coalition Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) Centralized Laboratory Network (CLN).MethodsThree ELISAs (pre-spike protein, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid), a microneutralisation assay (MNA), pseudotyped virus-based neutralisation (PNA), an IFN-γ T-cell ELISpot were developed, validated or qualified, transferred participating laboratories. Immune responses measured in ELISA laboratory units (ELU) ELISA, 50% neuralisation dilution (ND50) MNA, titre (NT50) PNA, spot-forming assay. Replicate results well characterised panels controls blood samples from individuals with without infection evaluated by geometric mean ratios, standard deviation, linear regression, Spearman correlation analysis consistency, accuracy, linearity quantitative measurements across all laboratories.FindingsHigh reproducibility demonstrated, interlaboratory precision 4·1–7·7% coefficient variation three ELISAs, 3·8–19·5% 17·1–24·1% over range 11–30 760 ELU per mL 14–7876 NT50 21–25 587 ND50 MNA. The MNA also adapted detection neutralising antibodies major variants concern. PNA (r=0·864) (r=0·928) highly correlated. variability 15·9–49·9% variation. Sensitivity specificity close 100% assays.InterpretationThe CEPI CLN provides accurate anti-SARS-CoV-2 response allow direct comparisons different formulations geographical areas. Lessons learned this programme will serve as model faster future pandemic threats roll-out effective vaccines.FundingCEPI.

Language: Английский

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Novel Soluble apxIVA-Truncated Protein and Its Application to Rapid Detection and Distinction of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Wild-Strain-Infected Samples from Those Vaccinated with apxIV-Partially Deleted Vaccine

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 278 - 278

Published: March 16, 2025

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a bacterial pathogen causing porcine pleuropneumonia, great economic loss to the global pig industry. Although natural apxIV contributes prevention and control of its isolation poses challenge, recombinant soluble proteins tend carry large molecular weight tags. The traditional serologic methods not accurately detect apxIV-partially deleted vaccine (GDV). In this study, we screened protein apxIVA N2 (756 bp) from six apxIV-truncated applied it enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for detecting samples vaccinated with APP GDV. results indicate that was close in terms structure function as only contained single His (0.86 kDa) tag S (2 tag. Among candidate proteins, exhibited best performance distinguishing APP-infected those Both ELISA strips based on an excellent wild-strain-infected subunit or addition, three monoclonal antibodies against different antigenic epitopes were identified using these truncated proteins. Our studies are significance further research APP, differential diagnosis wild strains strains, breeding, exhibiting broad application prospect on-site particularly remote areas lacking detection instruments professionals.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of mental health problems among children with long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e0282538 - e0282538

Published: May 17, 2023

Introduction The number of children with mental health problems has more than doubled since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, effect long Covid on children’s is still debatable. Recognising as a risk factor for in will increase awareness and screening following infection, resulting earlier intervention lower morbidity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine proportion post-COVID-19 infection adolescents, compare them population no previous infection. Methodology A systematic search was done seven databases using pre-defined terms. Cross-sectional, cohort interventional studies reporting among COVID English language from 2019 May 2022 were included. Selection papers, extraction data quality assessment independently by two reviewers. Studies satisfactory included meta-analysis R Revman software programmes. Results initial retrieved 1848 studies. After screening, 13 assessments. Meta-analysis showed who had times higher odds having anxiety or depression, 14% appetite problems, compared pooled prevalence follows; anxiety: 9%(95% CI:1, 23), depression: 15%(95% CI:0.4, 47), concentration problems: 6%(95% CI: 3, 11), sleep CI:5, 13), mood swings: 13% (95%CI:5, 23) loss: 5%(95% 13). heterogenous lack low- middle-income countries. Conclusion Anxiety, depression significantly increased infected children, those without which may be attributed COVID. findings underscore importance early at one month between three four months.

Language: Английский

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Immunoglobulin A response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. e24031 - e24031

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its infamous "Variants" of the etiological agent termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a global health concern. three antibodies, IgA, IgM, IgG, perform their dedicated role as main workhorses host adaptive immune system in virus neutralization. Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), also known "Mucosal Immunoglobulin", been under keen interest throughout viral infection cycle. Its importance lies because IgA is predominant mucosal antibody SARS family viruses primarily infect surfaces human respiratory tract. Therefore, can considered diagnostic prognostic marker an active biomarker for CoV-2 infection. Along with molecular analyses, serological tests, including detection are gaining ground application early detectable minimally invasive strategy. In current review, it was emphasized response diagnosis, defense strategies, treatment, prevention SARS-CoV-2 data analysis performed through almost 100 published peer-reviewed research reports comprehended antiviral immunity against other related viruses. Taken together, concluded that secretory IgA- Abs serve promising tool diagnosis treatment parallel IgG-based therapeutics diagnostics. Vaccine candidates target trigger may employed future dimensions

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on immunogen and immune-response proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their applications in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 129284 - 129284

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Integrating Water Purification with Electrochemical Aptamer Sensing for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 1558 - 1567

Published: March 17, 2023

Wastewater analysis of pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, is instrumental in tracking and monitoring infectious diseases a population. This method can be used to generate early warnings regarding the onset an disease predict associated infection trends. Currently, wastewater SARS-CoV-2 almost exclusively performed using polymerase chain reaction for amplification-based detection viral RNA at centralized laboratories. Despite development several biosensing technologies offering point-of-care solutions analyzing clinical samples, these remain elusive due low levels virus interference caused by matrix. Herein, we integrate aptamer-based electrochemical chip with filtration, purification, extraction (FPE) system developing alternate in-field solution analysis. The sensing employs dimeric aptamer, which universally applicable wild-type, alpha, delta, omicron variants SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that aptamer stable matrix (diluted 50%) its binding affinity not significantly impacted. demonstrates limit 1000 copies/L (1 copy/mL), enabled amplification provided FPE system. allows integrated detect trace amounts native categorize amount contamination into (<10 copies/mL), medium (10–1000 or high (>1000 copies/mL) levels, providing viable use.

Language: Английский

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