Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology/Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 529 - 561
Published: Oct. 29, 2023
Background:
Thousands
of
people
have
already
died
as
a
result
the
2019
coronavirus
disease
pandemic
(COVID-19),
which
was
brought
on
by
SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus.There
were
many
unimaginable
cases
illness
in
Washington
2020
first
case,
and
then
it
transmitted
to
Wuhan,
Germany,
France,
Italy,
Spain,
United
Kingdom
China.The
newly
discovered
SARS-CoV,
MERS-CoV,
are
believed
be
natural
not
laboratory
synthetic.The
COVID-19
may
due
contamination
infected
objects
with
materials
that
spread
across
world.Main
body:
Human
infection
symptoms
can
range
from
being
asymptomatic
fatal,
including
respiratory
failure,
multiple
organ
dysfunction,
death.Large-scale
genetic
association
studies
demonstrated
immune
system
components
such
interferons,
interleukins,
toll-like
receptors,
human
leukocyte
antigen
well
receptor
variations
(angiotensinconverting
enzymes,
transmembrane
serine
protease-2)
important
host
determinants
severity.Conclusion:
The
current
review
aims
demonstrate
factors
affect
severity.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: May 23, 2023
To
analyze
the
potential
impact
of
sociodemographic,
clinical
and
biological
factors
on
long-term
cognitive
outcome
patients
who
survived
moderate
severe
forms
COVID-19.We
assessed
710
adult
participants
(Mean
age
=
55
±
14;
48.3%
were
female)
6
to
11
months
after
hospital
discharge
with
a
complete
battery,
as
well
psychiatric,
laboratory
evaluation.
A
large
set
inferential
statistical
methods
was
used
predict
variables
associated
any
impairment,
focus
panel
28
cytokines
other
blood
inflammatory
disease
severity
markers.Concerning
subjective
assessment
performance,
36.1%
reported
slightly
poorer
overall
14.6%
being
severely
impacted,
compared
their
pre-COVID-19
status.
Multivariate
analysis
found
sex,
age,
ethnicity,
education,
comorbidity,
frailty
physical
activity
general
cognition.
bivariate
that
G-CSF,
IFN-alfa2,
IL13,
IL15,
IL1.RA,
EL1.alfa,
IL45,
IL5,
IL6,
IL7,
TNF-Beta,
VEGF,
Follow-up
C-Reactive
Protein,
D-Dimer
significantly
(p<.05)
However,
LASSO
regression
included
all
follow-up
variables,
markers
did
not
support
these
findings.Though
we
identified
several
sociodemographic
characteristics
might
protect
against
impairment
following
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
our
data
do
prominent
role
for
status
(both
during
acute
long-stage
COVID-19)
or
background
(also
explain
deficits
can
follow
COVID-19
infection.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 835 - 835
Published: July 11, 2024
Long
COVID,
a
name
often
given
to
the
persistent
symptoms
following
acute
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
poses
multifaceted
challenge
for
health.
This
review
explores
intrinsic
relationship
between
comorbidities
and
autoimmune
responses
in
shaping
trajectory
of
long
COVID.
Autoantibodies
have
emerged
as
significant
players
COVID-19
pathophysiology,
with
implications
disease
severity
progression.
Studies
show
immune
dysregulation
persisting
months
after
marked
by
activated
innate
cells
high
cytokine
levels.
The
presence
autoantibodies
against
various
autoantigens
suggests
their
potential
comorbid
factors
Additionally,
formation
complexes
may
lead
severe
progression,
highlighting
urgency
early
detection
intervention.
Furthermore,
COVID
is
highly
linked
cardiovascular
complications
neurological
symptoms,
posing
challenges
diagnosis
management.
Multidisciplinary
approaches,
including
vaccination,
tailored
rehabilitation,
pharmacological
interventions,
are
used
mitigating
COVID’s
burden.
However,
numerous
persist,
from
evolving
diagnostic
criteria
addressing
psychosocial
impact
predicting
outcomes.
Leveraging
AI-based
applications
holds
promise
enhancing
patient
management
improving
our
understanding
As
research
continues
unfold,
unravelling
complexities
remains
paramount
effective
intervention
care.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: June 5, 2024
Abstract
We
aimed
to
characterize
the
cognitive
profile
of
post-acute
COVID-19
syndrome
(PACS)
patients
with
complaints,
exploring
influence
biological
and
psychological
factors.
Participants
confirmed
SARS-CoV-2
infection
complaints
≥
8
weeks
phase
were
included.
A
comprehensive
neuropsychological
battery
(NPS)
health
questionnaires
administered
at
inclusion
1,
3
6
months.
Blood
samples
collected
each
visit,
MRI
scan
baseline
months,
and,
optionally,
cerebrospinal
fluid.
Cognitive
features
analyzed
in
relation
clinical,
neuroimaging,
biochemical
markers
follow-up.
Forty-nine
participants,
a
mean
time
from
symptom
onset
10.4
showed
attention-executive
function
(69%)
verbal
memory
(39%)
impairment.
Apathy
(64%),
moderate-severe
anxiety
(57%),
severe
fatigue
(35%)
prevalent.
Visual
(8%)
correlated
total
gray
matter
(GM)
subcortical
GM
volume.
Neuronal
damage
inflammation
within
normal
limits.
Over
time,
test
scores,
depression,
apathy,
indexes,
fluid
biomarkers
remained
stable,
although
fewer
participants
(50%
vs.
75.5%;
p
=
0.012)
exhibited
abnormal
evaluations
Altered
attention/executive
memory,
common
PACS,
persisted
most
subjects
without
association
structural
abnormalities,
elevated
cytokines,
or
neuronal
markers.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 109446 - 109446
Published: April 1, 2025
Organophosphorus
compounds
(OPCs),
a
diverse
group
of
chemicals
widely
utilised
as
pesticides
and
flame
retardants,
pose
significant
neurotoxic
risks,
even
during
neurodevelopment.
While
their
primary
molecular
cellular
targets
are
well
characterised,
growing
evidence
suggest
additional
mechanisms,
particularly
in
developmental
neurotoxicity.
Despite
extensive
research,
predictive
biomarkers
OPC-induced
neurotoxicity
beyond
acetylcholinesterase
remain
underexplored.
This
study
conducted
comprehensive
review
epidemiological,
vivo,
vitro
to
identify
prioritise
associated
with
Findings
highlight
the
critical
roles
non-cholinergic
including
neuroinflammation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress,
epigenetic
modifications.
Biomarkers
were
categorised
based
on
biological
function,
mechanistic
relevance,
feasibility
for
early,
non-invasive
detection.
Current
research
efforts
focus
validating
sensitive
reliable
capable
predicting
monitoring
nervous
system
damage
severity.
Growing
attention
is
being
directed
toward
that
correlate
behavioural,
neuropathological,
imaging
outcomes.
addresses
two
main
aspects.
The
first
provides
an
overview
established
emerging
assessing
general
population
individuals
occupationally
exposed
OPC.
second
evaluates
prioritised
scientific
robustness,
clinical
regulatory
applicability.
A
structured
ranking
across
different
levels
organisation
proposed
enhance
understanding
improve
risk
assessment.
underscores
need
standardised
biomarker
framework
assessment
decision-making.
Implementing
these
biomonitoring
purposes
will
facilitate
early
detection
prevention
strategies,
ultimately
mitigating
effects
individuals.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. e0315486 - e0315486
Published: May 15, 2025
Substantial
numbers
of
individuals
who
contract
COVID-19
experience
long-lasting
cognitive
symptoms
such
as
brain
fog.
Yet
research
to
date
has
not
compared
these
patients
with
healthy
controls
a
history
laboratory-confirmed
infection,
making
it
difficult
understand
why
certain
COVID
develop
post-COVID
while
others
do
not.
The
objective
this
pilot
study
was
compare
two
groups
patients,
and
without
symptoms,
on
measures
psychological
functioning,
self-reported
perceptions
functional
status
quality
life,
biomarkers
stress,
inflammation,
neuroplasticity.
Using
case-control
design,
17
participants
were
recruited
from
healthcare
system
in
western
Michigan,
USA
2022–2024.
All
aged
25–65
had
positive
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR)
test
confirming
previous
infection.
Ten
reported
(long
group)
seven
fully
recovered
no
residual
(controls).
underwent
an
interview
their
self-rated
health
battery
neurocognitive
tests,
blood
draw
for
biomarker
analysis.
No
group
differences
detected
neuropsychological
except
letter
fluency
where
the
long
scored
significantly
lower
(p
<
.05).
ratings
than
physical
health,
emotional
well-being.
Serum
levels
nerve
growth
factor
(NGF),
plasticity,
group,
which
more
likely
have
serum
inflammatory
marker
(interleukin
(IL)-10)
values
greater
or
equal
median
=
0.015).
Biomarker
analyses
suggest
possible
prolonged
processes
patients.
Results
decreased
neuroplastic
functioning
give
credence
patients’
reports
changes
function.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 971 - 971
Published: June 8, 2023
Post-COVID-19
syndrome
is
a
complex
of
different
symptoms,
which
results
in
multisystemic
impairment
after
the
suffering
from
COVID-19
infection.
The
aim
study
was
to
reveal
clinical,
laboratory,
and
gut
disorders
patients
with
post-COVID-19
(n
=
39)
before
taking
part
14-day
program
rehabilitation.
A
complete
blood
count,
coagulation
test,
chemistry,
biomarkers,
metabolites
serum
samples,
dysbiosis
were
revealed
on
day
admission
rehabilitation,
comparison
variables
healthy
volunteers
48)
or
reference
ranges.
On
discharge,
noted
an
improvement
respiratory
function,
general
well-being,
mood.
At
same
time,
levels
some
metabolic
(4-hydroxybenzoic,
succinic,
fumaric
acids)
inflammatory
(interleukin-6)
variables,
increased
admission,
did
not
reach
level
people
during
rehabilitation
program.
Taxonomy
disbalance
observed
patients’
feces,
namely,
high
total
bacterial
mass,
decrease
number
Lactobacillus
spp.,
increase
pro-inflammatory
microorganisms.
authors
suggest
that
should
be
personalized,
considering
patient’s
state
together
only
baseline
but
also
individual
taxonomy
microbiota.
