Diabetic microvascular disease in non-classical beds: the hidden impact beyond the retina, the kidney, and the peripheral nerves

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Abstract Diabetes microangiopathy, a hallmark complication of diabetes, is characterised by structural and functional abnormalities within the intricate network microvessels beyond well-known documented target organs, i.e., retina, kidney, peripheral nerves. Indeed, an intact microvascular bed crucial for preserving each organ’s specific functions achieving physiological balance to meet their respective metabolic demands. Therefore, diabetes-related dysfunction leads widespread multiorgan consequences in still-overlooked non-traditional organs such as brain, lung, bone tissue, skin, arterial wall, heart, or musculoskeletal system. All these are vulnerable physiopathological mechanisms that cause damage diabetes (i.e., hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction) collectively contribute microvessels’ structure function, compromising blood flow tissue perfusion. However, microcirculatory networks differ between due variations haemodynamic, vascular architecture, affected cells, resulting spectrum clinical presentations. The aim this review focus on multifaceted nature impairment through available evidence often overlooked organs. A better understanding microangiopathy non-target provides broader perspective systemic disease, underscoring importance recognising comprehensive range complications classic sites.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress in the Pathogenesis of Cognitive Dysfunction in White Matter Hyperintensities: A Narrative Review

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Cerebral small vessel disease is a common endangering human health due to its insidious and repeated onset progressive aggravation. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one of the classic imaging markers cerebral disease. The term 'WMHs' was first proposed by Hachinski in 1987. WMHs our study mainly refer white damage caused various vascular factors, known as vascularized hyperintensity. significantly correlated with stroke, cognitive dysfunction, emotional disturbance, gait abnormality, have drawn widespread attention. This article reviews research progress on pathogenesis dysfunction associated provides theoretical reference for understanding early assessment dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Ceramide in cerebrovascular diseases

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: June 2, 2023

Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, serves as an important second messenger in cell signal transduction. Under stressful conditions, it can be generated from de novo synthesis, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and/or the salvage pathway. The brain is rich lipids, and abnormal lipid levels are associated with variety of disorders. Cerebrovascular diseases, which mainly caused by cerebral blood flow secondary neurological injury, leading causes death disability worldwide. There growing body evidence for close connection between elevated ceramide cerebrovascular especially stroke small vessel disease (CSVD). increased has broad effects on different types cells, including endothelial microglia, neurons. Therefore, strategies that reduce such modifying sphingomyelinase activity or rate-limiting enzyme synthesis pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase, may represent novel promising therapeutic approaches to prevent treat injury-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Edaravone dexborneol ameliorates cognitive impairment by regulating the NF-κB pathway through AHR and promoting microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype in mice with bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS)

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 176036 - 176036

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Serum YKL-40 Levels and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 311 - 319

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and poor outcomes after AIS. The purpose this prospective study was to evaluate the association between serum YKL-40 levels WMH burden in patients Methods: From February 2020 March 2021, a total 672 consecutive AIS magnetic resonance imaging data were prospectively recruited form two centers. Serum quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. semiquantitatively measured by Fazekas visual grading scale. According severity overall WMH, dichotomized into none–mild group (Fazekas score 0– 2) or moderate–severe 3– 6). Besides, based on periventricular (PV-WMH) deep (D-WMH), categorized as 1) 2– 3). Results: Among patients, 335 (49.9%) participants identified 326 (48.5%) PV-WMH 262 (39.0%) D-WMH. Compared first quartile YKL-40, adjusted odds ratio (OR) fourth for 2.473 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.316– 4.646; P =0.005). No significant observed (OR 0.762; 95% CI 0.434– 1.336; =0.343) D-WMH 0.695; 0.413– 1.171; =0.172). Conclusion: Our results suggested that higher appeared be PV-WMH, but not Keywords: stroke, white hyperintensities, biomarkers

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for cerebral small vessel disease

Regenerative Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 377 - 386

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), as the most common, chronic and progressive vascular on brain, is a serious neurological disease, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. The leading cause of stroke cognitive impairment dementia, contributes to about 20% strokes, including 25% ischemic strokes 45% dementias. Undoubtedly, high incidence poor prognosis CSVD have brought heavy economic medical burden society. present treatment focuses management risk factors. Although factors may be important causes or accelerators should always treated in accordance with best clinical practice, controlling alone could not curb progression brain injury. Therefore, developing safer more effective strategies for urgently needed. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has become an emerging therapeutic modality central nervous system given their paracrine properties immunoregulatory. Herein, we discussed potential MSCs CSVD, aiming enable clinicians researchers understand recent progress future directions field.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral Microbleeds Associate with Brain Endothelial Cell Activation-Dysfunction and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction-Disruption with an Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke That Is Capable of Exacerbating Neurodegeneration

Published: May 8, 2024

Abstract Cerebral microbleed(s) (CMBs) are increasingly being viewed not only as a marker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) but also having an increased risk the development of stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic) and aging-related dementia. Recently, brain endothelial cell activation dysfunction blood-brain barrier and/or disruption have been shown to be associated with SVD, enlarged perivascular spaces, evolution CMBs. CMBs known disorder microvessels that visualized 3-5mm, smooth, round or oval, hypointense (black) lesions seen on T2*-weighted gradient recall echo susceptibility-weighted sequences MRI images. (a global problem) occur high prevalence in community-dwelling older individuals. Since our current population is oldest recorded history expected continue grow, we can expect health care burdens grow. should raise red flag regarding large symptomatic neurologic intracerebral hemorrhages. Importantly, currently regarded markers diffuse vascular neurodegenerative damage. Thus, it essential try learn much about their development, evolution, relation impaired cognition, dementia, neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral Microbleeds Associate with Brain Endothelial Cell Activation-Dysfunction and Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction/Disruption with Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1463 - 1463

Published: July 1, 2024

Globally, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly being viewed not only as a marker for small vessel disease (SVD) but also having an increased risk the development of stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic) and aging-related dementia. Recently, brain endothelial cell activation dysfunction blood–brain barrier and/or disruption have been shown to be associated with SVD, enlarged perivascular spaces, evolution CMBs. CMBs known disorder microvessels that visualized 3–5 mm, smooth, round, or oval, hypointense (black) lesions seen on T2*-weighted gradient recall echo susceptibility-weighted sequences MRI images. occur high prevalence in community-dwelling older individuals. Since our current global population is oldest recorded history expected continue grow, we can expect healthcare burdens grow. Increased numbers (≥10) should raise red flag regarding large symptomatic neurologic intracerebral hemorrhages. Importantly, currently regarded markers diffuse vascular neurodegenerative damage. Herein author highlights it essential learn much about CMB development, evolution, their relation impaired cognition, dementia, exacerbation neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Dissociable Contributions of Thalamic-Subregions to Cognitive Impairment in Small Vessel Disease

Stroke, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(5), P. 1367 - 1376

Published: April 24, 2023

Structural network damage is a potentially important mechanism by which cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) can cause cognitive impairment. As central hub of the structural network, role thalamus in SVD-related impairments remains unclear. We aimed to determine associations between alterations thalamic subregions and SVD.In this cross-sectional study, 205 SVD participants without lacunes from third follow-up (2020) prospective RUN DMC study (Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Cohort), was initiated 2006, Nijmegen, were included. Cognitive functions included processing speed, executive function, memory. Probabilistic tractography performed 6 cortical regions, followed connectivity-based segmentation assess each subregion volume connectivity (measured mean diffusivity [MD] connecting white matter tracts) with cortex. Least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression analysis conducted identify volumes or total that have strongest association performance. Linear mediation analyses test least operator-selected MD performance, while adjusting for age education.We found higher thalamic-motor tract associated worse speed (β=-0.27; P<0.001), thalamic-frontal function (β=-0.24; P=0.001), memory (β=-0.28; respectively. The showed thalamocortical tracts mediated corresponding performances 3 domains.Our results suggest are linked impairment SVD, largely depending on pattern specific regions.

Language: Английский

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White matter hyperintensities regress at a high rate at three months after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack

Journal of Neuroradiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 101239 - 101239

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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