Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 90 - 90

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research has focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which identifies amyloid-beta (Aβ) as primary driver of disease. However, consistent failure Aβ-targeted therapies to demonstrate efficacy, coupled with significant safety concerns, underscores need rethink our approach AD treatment. Emerging evidence points microbial infections environmental factors in pathoetiology. Although a definitive causal link remains unestablished, collective is compelling. This review explores unconventional perspectives and emerging paradigms regarding involvement pathogenesis, emphasizing gut-brain axis, brain biofilms, oral microbiome, viral infections. Transgenic mouse models show that gut microbiota dysregulation precedes Aβ accumulation, signaling pathways. Viral like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead by modulating host processes immune system. peptide's antimicrobial function response infection might inadvertently promote AD. We discuss potential microbiome-based promising strategies for managing potentially preventing progression. Fecal transplantation (FMT) restores balance, reduces improves cognition preclinical models. Probiotics prebiotics reduce neuroinflammation plaques, while antiviral targeting HSV-1 vaccines shingles vaccine mitigate pathology. Developing effective treatments requires standardized methods identify measure patients, enabling personalized address individual contributions pathogenesis. Further needed clarify interactions between microbes Aβ, explore bacterial interplay, understand their broader effects translate these insights into clinical interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Heavy metals exposure and Alzheimer’s disease: Underlying mechanisms and advancing therapeutic approaches

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 115212 - 115212

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 922 - 922

Published: March 6, 2025

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the major challenges modern medicine, with a growing impact on public health and healthcare systems. In recent years, dietary supplements use has been subject increasing interest as complementary strategy for prevention treatment disease. Materials Methods: A Review reviews was conducted following PRISMA guidelines REAPPRAISED checklist to evaluate efficacy safety supplement in AD. The search, performed across scientific databases, identified 54 relevant articles, including 53 mini-review, after applying specific inclusion criteria removing duplicates. Results: body evidence suggests that some may help reduce cognitive decline, inflammation, target mechanisms behind However, many these are still under investigation, mixed results highlighting need high-quality research. key challenge is lack data optimal dosages, administration duration, long-term safety, which limits clinical guidelines. Some studies have reported positive effects from regimens, such curcumin (800 mg/day), omega-3 fatty acids (2 g/day), resveratrol (600 mg/day). Other supplements, like phosphatidylserine (300 multinutrient formulations, probiotics, vitamin E (2000 IU/day), melatonin (3-10 also show benefits, though study variability makes conclusions uncertain. Conclusions: While certain potential mitigating decline AD, inconsistent findings gaps dosage highlight rigorous, large-scale trials. Future research should focus personalized, multimodal strategies integrating targeted supplementation, patterns, microbiota-gut-brain interactions enhanced neuroprotection.

Language: Английский

---

Application of Nanobiosensor Engineering in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Results in Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 102790 - 102790

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review

Aging Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. 649 - 667

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative that characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Early cerebral body iron dysregulation accumulation interact with AD pathology, particularly in the precuneus, crucial functional hub cognitive functions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), novel post‐processing approach, provides insights into tissue levels oxygen metabolism reveals abnormal early AD. Increased deposition precuneus can lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, accelerated neurodegeneration. Metabolic disorders (diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), obesity), genetic factors, small vessel pathology contribute precuneus. Therefore, line growing of literature region patients AD, QSM as neuroimaging method could serve non‐invasive biomarker track progression, complement other imaging modalities, aid diagnosis monitoring.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Established Therapies and Novel Strategies for Future Care

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 177520 - 177520

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Potential multiple disease progression pathways in female patients with Alzheimer’s disease inferred from transcriptome and epigenome data of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0313733 - e0313733

Published: March 18, 2025

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a typical type of dementia for which therapeutic strategies have not yet been established. The database the Rush Disease study by ENCODE consortium contains transcriptome and various epigenome data. Although AD may contain satisfactory amount data women, men remains insufficient. Here, based on an analysis publicly available from female patients, this found that pathology appears to be nonuniform; patients were divided into several groups with differential gene expression patterns, including those related cognitive function. First, cluster was performed individuals diagnosed “No Cognitive Impairment (NCI),” “Mild (MCI),” “Alzheimer’s (AD)” stages in clinical trials using expression, multiple substages identified across progression. data, particular genome-wide H3k4me3 distribution also supported existence substages. However, APOE polymorphisms seemed correlate stage. An inference adjacency networks among substages, evaluated via partition-based graph abstraction profiles individuals, suggested possibility progression pathways NCI different through MCI These findings could refine biomarker discovery or inform personalized approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Associations of Environmental Exposure to Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Recent Evidence from Mechanistic Studies

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 47 - 47

Published: March 24, 2025

Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that populations exposed to environmental toxicants such as heavy metals have a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared those unexposed, indicating potential association between exposure and AD. The aim this review is summarize contemporary mechanistic research exploring the associations four important metals, arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), with AD possible pathways, processes, molecular mechanisms on basis data from most recent studies. Primary publications published during last decade were identified via search PubMed Database. A thorough literature final screening yielded 45 original articles for review. Of articles, 6 pertain As, 9 Mn, 21 Pb, Cd exposures pathobiology. Environmental these induces wide range pathological processes intersect well-known leading AD, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, autophagy tau hyperphosphorylation. While single shares some affected certain effects are unique specific metals. For instance, Pb disrupts blood–brain barrier (BBB) functions alters AD-related genes epigenetically. triggers neuronal senescence p53/p21/Rb. As nitric oxide (NO) signaling, cortical, synaptic function. Mn causes glutamate excitotoxicity dopamine neuron damage. Our provides deeper understanding biological showing how contribute Information regarding metal-induced toxicity relevant may help us develop effective therapeutic intervention, treatment, prevention.

Language: Английский

---

The role of low-level laser therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: a review of the potential benefits of vitamin D enhancement

Lasers in Medical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(1)

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of the Basal Forebrain

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

---